Spawning conditions | Spawning season

Species	Primary Data	Secondary Data	Reference
Anguilla anguilla	January-July	['January', 'July']	McCleave J.D.. R.C. Kleckner and M. Castonguay. 1987. American Fisheries Society Symposium. 1: 286-297.
Anguilla anguilla	March until May [Also January-February]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Fishbase, 2006
Anguilla anguilla	Spawning takes place at the beginning of March	['March']	Coad, 2005
Anguilla anguilla	During winter	['January', 'February', 'March']	Deelder, 1970
Anguilla anguilla	November-July, peaking in January	['January', 'July', 'November']	Wang and Tzeng, 2000
Anguilla anguilla	Based on all these observations, we now know that the European eel spawn primarily from March to June within a narrow ellipse whose long axis extends east-west from approximately 48° to 74°W longitude between 23° and 30° N latitude	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Vincent et al, 2005
Alosa alosa	June-July	['June', 'July']	Billard, 1997
Alosa alosa	May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alosa alosa	March to August depends on the latitude [In Europe mainly in May]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Cassou-Leins et al, 2000
Alosa alosa	May 12 to July 12 and Between April 21 to July 11	['April', 'May', 'July']	Acolas et al, 2004
Alosa alosa	April-July	['April', 'July']	Maitland and Lyle, 2005
Alosa alosa	All anadromous populations have common biological characteristics: the reproduction (April-July), above 11	['April', 'July']	Aprahamian et al, 2001
Alosa alosa	Throughout the range of the allis shad, reproduction occurs from April to July, but in Britain, May to July seems to have been the main period	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Maitland and Hatton-Ellis, 2000
Alosa alosa	End of May-June and also in July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Boisneau et al, 1990
Alosa alosa	May and mid-August	['May', 'August']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Alosa alosa	The migration in La loire is inFebruary to July. Yet, during our study, the first fish were captured on April 16, thus one month and half later. It sems that a temperature of 11°C is required for migration	['February', 'April', 'July']	Boisneau et al, 1985
Alosa alosa	Reproduction took place between April 24th and July 11th	['April', 'July']	Acolas et al, 2006
Alosa fallax	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Alosa fallax	May-June	['May', 'June']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Alosa fallax	June-July	['June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alosa fallax	March to August depends on the latitude [In Europe mainly in May]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Cassou-Leins et al, 2000
Alosa fallax	May until end of June	['May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Alosa fallax	The spawning season can last until June	['June']	Pina et al, 2003
Alosa fallax	Twaite shad eggs, embryos and larvae occurred from late-March to mid-June, with particularly higher densities during a 5-week period from late-April through to the last week of May.	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Esteves and Andrade, 2008
Alosa sapidissima	April-June	['April', 'June']	Internet, 2005
Alosa sapidissima	May-June, but even as late as July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Alosa sapidissima	May-June, but also from February until July	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Alosa sapidissima	In most years, spawning begins in late February and ends in early June	['February', 'June']	Olney et al, 2001
Alosa sapidissima	May or early June	['May', 'June']	Mills, 2004
Alosa sapidissima	May-June but as early as February and late as July	['February', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Alosa sapidissima	May take place anytime between mid-March and early June	['March', 'May', 'June']	Rue, 2001
Alosa sapidissima	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Alosa sapidissima	Spawning normally occurs in May and June, but may occur as late as July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Alosa sapidissima	Spawning was detected between February 21 and May 28 in 2003 and between March 16 and May 17 in 2004	['February', 'March', 'May']	Burdick and Hightower, 2005
Alosa sapidissima	Spawning occurred between 13 May and 27 June, the peak being June in 1967 and May in 1968.	['May', 'June']	Marcy, 1972
Aphanius iberus	Summer	['July', 'August', 'September']	Billard, 1997
Aphanius iberus	April-August	['April', 'August']	Keith, 2001
Aphanius iberus	May to August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Oltra and Todoli, 2000
Aphanius iberus	May to August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Vargas and De Sostoa, 1997
Aphanius iberus	July-August	['July', 'August']	Fishbase, 2006
Aphanius iberus	April-August	['April', 'August']	Maitland, 1977
Aphanius iberus	May to September	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Fernandez-Delgado et al, 1988
Valencia hispanica	April-July	['April', 'July']	Keith, 2001
Valencia hispanica	May-July	['May', 'July']	Caiola et al, 2001
Valencia hispanica	April-July	['April', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Valencia hispanica	April-July	['April', 'July']	Maitland, 1977
Barbatula barbatula	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Barbatula barbatula	April-May	['April', 'May']	Spillmann, 1961
Barbatula barbatula	April until June and sometimes July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Barbatula barbatula	Begin 10-12 May and end in the end of May	['May']	Skryabin, 1993
Barbatula barbatula	Late April-Early August [England], May-June [Estonia], May and less June [Finland]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']	Saat et al, 2003
Barbatula barbatula	April-June	['April', 'June']	Perrin, 2001
Barbatula barbatula	Mainly April-May, also in March and June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Barbatula barbatula	April-May	['April', 'May']	Losange, 1999
Barbatula barbatula	April-May	['April', 'May']	Environment agency, ???
Barbatula barbatula	Peak in 14 May	['May']	Bagenal, 1971
Barbatula barbatula	In the Lake District, the fish spawns in May, though some breeding may take place in April and June, and a few ripe females have been found as late as July [Seasonal changes in the ratio gonad weight: body weight supports the conclusion that May is the month when most fish breed]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Smyly, 1955
Barbatula barbatula	Spawning usually occurs in May, it may de delayed to early June in cold years	['May', 'June']	Sauvonsaari, 1971
Cobitis taenia	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Cobitis taenia	Mid-April to Mid-August [Experimental conditions]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bohlen, 1999
Cobitis taenia	April until June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Cobitis taenia	End-April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Cobitis taenia	Late June-Middle of July [Estonia]	['June', 'July']	Vaino and Saat, 2003
Cobitis taenia	April-June	['April', 'June']	Perrin, 2001
Cobitis taenia	April-June	['April', 'June']	Coad, 2006
Cobitis taenia	From April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Bolhen and Ritterbusch, 2000
Cobitis taenia	April to beginning of July	['April', 'July']	Terver, 1984
Cobitis taenia	April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Cobitis taenia	In Piedmont (Italy=, the reproductive period spans from April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Lodi and Malacarne, 1990
Cobitis taenia	The peak of spawning occurred in early June when several running females were caught	['June']	Marconato and Rasotto, 1989
Cobitis taenia	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Cobitis paludica	Late March to early July	['March', 'July']	Oliva-Paterna et al, 2002
Cobitis paludica	Starts in May throughout July	['May', 'July']	Perdices and Doadrio, 1977
Blicca bjoerkna	May-July	['May', 'July']	Billard, 1997
Blicca bjoerkna	June	['June']	Spillmann, 1961
Blicca bjoerkna	May-June	['May', 'June']	Rinchard, 1996
Blicca bjoerkna	May-June-July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Blicca bjoerkna	Starts in May-June and ends up to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Kestemont, 2001
Blicca bjoerkna	May-June [Sometime July]	['May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Blicca bjoerkna	June	['June']	Molls, 1999
Blicca bjoerkna	May-July	['May', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Blicca bjoerkna	May-June	['May', 'June']	Environment agency, ???
Blicca bjoerkna	In 1974, the white bream spawned from 10 June to 1 July and in 1975 sapwning started at the end of May and lasted about 20 June	['May', 'June', 'July']	Hansen, 1980
Blicca bjoerkna	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Blicca bjoerkna	The experiments with female bream eggs were started on 24 May (three females) and 29 May (three females) and with female white bream eggs on 5 June (four females) due to the earlier spawning of bream in Estonia […] White bream starts spawning 2-3 weeks later than bream, usually at water temperature of 16-18°C, and spawning can last until the middle of July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Vetemaa et al, 2008
Abramis brama	May-July	['May', 'July']	Billard, 1997
Abramis brama	May-June	['May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Abramis brama	Begins in early May and mass spawing occurs in mid-May	['May']	Sidorova, 2005
Abramis brama	Mid-May until Mid-June	['May', 'June']	Internet, 2005
Abramis brama	Usually May-June	['May', 'June']	Olivier, 2001
Abramis brama	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Backiel and Zawiska, 1968
Abramis brama	May, 3 until June, 3	['May', 'June']	Shestopalova, 1978
Abramis brama	May-June	['May', 'June']	Mann, 1996
Abramis brama	May-June	['May', 'June']	Environment agency, ???
Abramis brama	Spawning takes place during the first half of June	['June']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Abramis brama	Lake bream usually spawn in the beginning of June	['June']	Kucharczyk et al, 1997
Abramis brama	Spawns in spring. Spawning begins at the end of March and extends till the first half of June. In heated waters spawning may take place in winter and early spring	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Brylinska and Boron, 2004
Abramis brama	The experiments with female bream eggs were started on 24 May (three females) and 29 May (three females) and with female white bream eggs on 5 June (four females) due to the earlier spawning of bream in Estonia […] The spawning of bream in south-east Estonia usually begins at the water temperature of c. 13°C, in most cases in the second half of May	['May', 'June']	Vetemaa et al, 2008
Abramis brama	Bream started to spawn 16-17 days later than roach, the median dates being 16 May for rivers and 22 May for lakes. One half of all measurements fell into a range of 16 days between 13 and 28 May.	['May']	Noges and Järvet, 2005
Abramis brama	Bream females in Lake Sniardwy commence spawning in May-June	['May', 'June']	Kopiejewska, 1989
Abramis brama	In the Trent, the main hatching period for bream occurred around the second week of June, with the majority of hatching complete by mid-July	['June', 'July']	Nunn et al, 2007
Abramis brama	May and June on bream spawning grounds in the Kortowskie Lake	['May', 'June']	Kucharczyk et al, 2005
Alburnoides bipunctatus	End -May to End-July	['May', 'July']	Yildirim et al, 1999
Alburnoides bipunctatus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Alburnoides bipunctatus	End April-End July	['April', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alburnoides bipunctatus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Coad, 2005
Alburnoides bipunctatus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Alburnoides bipunctatus	April until June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Persat, 2001
Alburnoides bipunctatus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Mann, 1996
Alburnoides bipunctatus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Terver, 1984
Alburnoides bipunctatus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Alburnoides bipunctatus	Macroscopical indication of spawning in progress (spawning tubercles, leaking gonadal products) was apparent only in fish collected from May 2 to June 25 […]	['May', 'June']	Polacik and Kovac, 2006
Alburnus alburnus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Alburnus alburnus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alburnus alburnus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Alburnus alburnus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Rinchard, 1996
Alburnus alburnus	Start only in Mid-May	['May']	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
Alburnus alburnus	April to August, mainly May and June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Carrell and Olivier, 2001
Alburnus alburnus	May-July	['May', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Alburnus alburnus	Spawning in Europe takes place from May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Coad, 2006
Alburnus alburnus	April-July	['April', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Alburnus alburnus	May to beginning of July	['May', 'July']	Terver, 1984
Alburnus alburnus	June and July	['June', 'July']	Winnicki and Korzelecka, 1997
Alburnus alburnus	June-July	['June', 'July']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Alburnus alburnus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Alburnus alburnus	April-June (August)	['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']	Agence de l'eau,
Alburnus alburnus	In the Trent, the initial hatching period was between mid-June and mid-July, with successive cohorts appearing at intervals thereafter	['June', 'July']	Nunn et al, 2007
Aristichthys nobilis	May-July	['May', 'July']	Horvath et al, 1992
Aristichthys nobilis	Spawning period continues from April to July [Mass spawning takes place at the end of May and in the beginning of June]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Abdusamadov, 1986
Aristichthys nobilis	April-June, peaking in lale May in Asia, in their study in June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Schrank et al, 2001
Aristichthys nobilis	In China, generally spawn between April and June, peaking in late May [Initiated by rising water levels following the heavy rains that occur in spring]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kolar et al, 2005
Aristichthys nobilis	The spawning season in China extends from April to June, peaking in late May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Jennigs, 1988
Aristichthys nobilis	In Asia, bighead carp generally spawn between April and June with a peak in late May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Schrank, 1999
Aristichthys nobilis	The grass carp spawns earlier, at a lower temperature than silver carp and big head	None	Ciolac, 2004
Aristichthys nobilis	In the Changjiang River drainage, bighead carp begins to spawn in middle or late May	['May']	Naca, 1989
Aspius aspius	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Aspius aspius	Mid-February to late March	['February', 'March']	Coad, 2005
Aspius aspius	April-May and beginning June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Aspius aspius	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Keith and Allardi, 2001
Aspius aspius	April-May	['April', 'May']	Mann, 1996
Aspius aspius	First half of April in Polish part and as earlt as March in German part	['March', 'April']	Kompowski et Neja, 2004
Aspius aspius	Late March/April	['March', 'April']	Fredrich, 2003
Aspius aspius	April to June, according to the latitude	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Aspius aspius	Late winter or early spring	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fredrich et al, 2003
Aspius aspius	March-May	['March', 'May']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Barbus barbus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Barbus barbus	A first spawning activity starts 3 May. A second one on 10 May, and no further spawning activity was observed from 13 May till early summer (mid-July)	['May', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Baras, 1995
Barbus barbus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Philippart et al, 1989
Barbus barbus	May-June-Beginning of July and even April in southern region	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Barbus barbus	End of April to Mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Barbus barbus	Mid-May to mid-June	['May', 'June']	Philippart, 1987
Barbus barbus	Late May to June	['May', 'June']	Hancock et al, 1976
Barbus barbus	April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Berrebi, 2001
Barbus barbus	June	['June']	Mann, 1996
Barbus barbus	April to June up to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Barbus barbus	May-July	['May', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Barbus barbus	The earliest spawning activity took place in 1993 (28 April) and the latest in 1996 (30 May)	['April', 'May']	Baras and Philippart, 1999
Barbus barbus	End of May, beginning of June	['May', 'June']	Poncin et al, 1987
Barbus barbus	May-July (August)	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Barbus barbus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Carassius auratus	April trough July	['April', 'July']	Internet, 2005
Carassius auratus	First warm days of spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Horvath et al, 1992
Carassius auratus	May 1 until June 9	['May', 'June']	Kobayashi et al, 1986
Carassius auratus	Mid-March until End of June	['March', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Carassius auratus	March until June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Carassius auratus	June-July	['June', 'July']	Billard, 1997
Carassius auratus	June-July	['June', 'July']	Persat, 2001
Carassius auratus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Carassius auratus	Spring and summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scholfield, 2005
Carassius auratus	Begins early in the spring and occurs at frequent intervals from April to August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Battle, 1940
Carassius auratus	June-July	['June', 'July']	Kestemont and Mélard, 1994
Carassius auratus	Spawning season of goldfish begins in spring and lasts up to the end of summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Sczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996
Carassius auratus	Mid-April to Mid-August, usually May-June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Carassius carassius	March-June	['March', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Carassius carassius	June-July	['June', 'July']	Spillmann, 1961
Carassius carassius	From late spring trough mid-summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Holopainen, 1997
Carassius carassius	May-June, April-June [Southern Region]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Carassius carassius	Starts in May-June and and continues in summer	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Persat, 2001
Carassius carassius	May-June	['May', 'June']	Mann, 1996
Carassius carassius	May-June	['May', 'June']	Environment agency, ???
Carassius carassius	May-June	['May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Carassius carassius	Spawn from the end of March to early April in Central and central eastern part of China, from April to May in Northern China, and in June on northeastern China.	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Naca, 1989
Carassius carassius	Spawn in May, June and July. Peak of spawning occurs between 20 May and 20 July, depending on geographic position	['May', 'June', 'July']	Sczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996
Carassius carassius	Between May and July	['May', 'July']	Laurila and Holopainen, 1990
Chondrostoma nasus	February-April	['February', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Chondrostoma nasus	End of February to April	['February', 'March', 'April']	Spillmann, 1961
Chondrostoma nasus	March-May but even in February [Southern region]	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Chondrostoma nasus	April	['April']	Prokes and Penaz, 1978
Chondrostoma nasus	April [Also in Ferbruary and March]	['March', 'April']	Fishbase, 2006
Chondrostoma nasus	Late March/April	['March', 'April']	Kamler et al, 1998
Chondrostoma nasus	April	['April']	Mann, 1996
Chondrostoma nasus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Schiemer et al, 2003
Chondrostoma nasus	April	['April']	Kamler and Keckeis, 2000
Chondrostoma nasus	April	['April']	Terver, 1984
Chondrostoma nasus	21 st/22 nd April, in two rivers this species reproduced repeatedly on two other occassion 10/12 May and on 26/28 May	['April', 'May']	Zbinden and Maier, 1996
Chondrostoma nasus	April in Czech Republic	['April']	Penaz, 1974
Chondrostoma nasus	Occurs mainly in April	['April']	Keckeis, 2001
Chondrostoma nasus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Chondrostoma nasus	Potential spawning time in March-April and May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Winkler et al, 1997
Chondrostoma nasus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Chondrostoma nasus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Ahnelt and Keckeis, 1994
Chondrostoma nasus	The fish spawn in spring (April, May)	['April', 'May', 'June']	Sysa et al, 2006
Chondrostoma nasus	12-27 April [Moselle, France], 15 April-5 May [Kuban], 22 April [Don], 10-20 April [Moskva], 10-20 April [Vistula], April [Dunajec], 16 April [Vistula], 19 April [Vistula], 20 April [Vistula], according to various authors	['April', 'May']	Prawochenski, 1964
Chondrostoma toxostoma	April	['April']	Billard, 1997
Chondrostoma toxostoma	April	['April']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Chondrostoma toxostoma	April	['April']	Spillmann, 1961
Chondrostoma toxostoma	End of May, beginning of July [30 or 40 days after Hotu]	['May', 'July']	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
Chondrostoma toxostoma	March to May, up to June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Chondrostoma toxostoma	From March to May, and upto June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Internet
Ctenopharyngodon idella	May-July	['May', 'July']	Horvath et al, 1992
Ctenopharyngodon idella	April until August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Ctenopharyngodon idella	Spawning period continues from April to July [Mass spawning takes place at the end of May and in the beginning of June]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Abdusamadov, 1986
Ctenopharyngodon idella	Begins in June, extends into July and sometimes event the first days of August	['June', 'July', 'August']	Krykhtin and Gorbach, 1982
Ctenopharyngodon idella	All five accounts describe spawning as taking place in rivers during spring or early summer [Diverses sources: May-June in West River, China; Usually July, River Tone, Japan; July in Cho-shui Creek, Taiwan; Thought to be late Paril onwards, Amu-Darya River, Russia; June-July in Kuban River, Russia]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Cross, 1973
Ctenopharyngodon idella	The grass carp spawns earlier, at a lower temperature than silver carp and big head	None	Ciolac, 2004
Ctenopharyngodon idella	White amur eggs are found in the beginning of June through the beginning of July	['June', 'July']	Gorbach and Krykhtin, 1988
Ctenopharyngodon idella	A well-marked and limited season characterizes grass carp spawning in temperature climates. The breeding season expands and becomes less distinct in tropical areas. Mature females occur in middle Amur River of the USSR from late may to early August with breeding peaks during late June and early July. The indigeneous Chinese populations spawn from late April to June in the Yangtzed River and from April to September in the Pearl and West River breed from the end of May to the middle of June. The naturalized population of the Tone River, Japan reproduces from June to August with peak activity from late June to mid-July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Shireman and Smith, 1983
Ctenopharyngodon idella	In the Changjiang River drainage, silver carp and grass carp generally starts spawning in late April or early May	['April', 'May']	Naca, 1989
Cyprinus carpio	April-June	['April', 'June']	Horvath et al, 1992
Cyprinus carpio	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Cyprinus carpio	March to July [Peak spawning in May through July]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Internet, 2005
Cyprinus carpio	May-July [March-August]	['March', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Cyprinus carpio	May	['May']	Bieniarz et al, 1978
Cyprinus carpio	May-July	['May', 'July']	Lafaille and Crivelli, 2001
Cyprinus carpio	Carp spawn in the spring and summer […]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Cyprinus carpio	May-July	['May', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Cyprinus carpio	May-July	['May', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Cyprinus carpio	May-July	['May', 'July']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Cyprinus carpio	Spawn from the end of March to early April in Central and central eastern part of China, from April to May in Northern China, and in June on northeastern China.	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Naca, 1989
Cyprinus carpio	The spawning of carp in the Camargue begins in March and ens generally in August: for Europe this is the longest known spawing period	['March', 'August']	Crivelli, 1981
Cyprinus carpio	Mean peak spawning 27 May [Range: 21 April - 26 June] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['April', 'May', 'June']	June, 1977
Cyprinus carpio	The studies were conducted in experimental ponds at the Fish and Aquaculture Research station, Dor. All the fish spawned within a single week in April.	['April']	Hulata et al, 1974
Cyprinus carpio	May-August at 52-90°F; peak spawning occurs in late Mat-early June at 65-73°F; spawning may extend throughout summer subject to interruption by cool weather	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Cyprinus carpio	In May, the natural spawning period for this fish species	['May']	Brzuska and Bialowas, 2002
Gobio gobio	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Gobio gobio	Mid-April until End of August, with a peak in May-June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']	Rinchard, 1996
Gobio gobio	April-May to June-July and Mid-August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gobio gobio	April to June [France]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kennedy and Fitzmaurice, 1972
Gobio gobio	May-June	['May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Gobio gobio	April to July [Peak in May-june]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Rosechhi and Kestemont, 2001
Gobio gobio	May-July	['May', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Gobio gobio	April-July	['April', 'July']	Rosecchi et al, 2001
Gobio gobio	April-August	['April', 'August']	Environment agency, ???
Gobio gobio	Spawn in France between April and May. In the Don River, spawning was observed at the turn of April and May. In the waters of Ireland, spawn from lata May till late June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Penaz and Prokes, 1978
Gobio gobio	(April) May-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Gobio gobio	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Gobio gobio	In the Trent, the main hatching period for gudgeon was between late May and mid-June, with smaller numbers of fish from subsequent cohorts appearing at intervals therefater	['May', 'June']	Nunn et al, 2007
Gobio gobio	Pond au printemps et en été […] elle variera donc selon la latitude, l'altitude et les différences annuelles des températures printanières […] C'est ainsi que dans les Dombes, la ponte peut commencer dès la seconde quinzaine d'avril alors que dans la Montagne Noire il faut attendre la seconde quinzaine de juin ou même le début de juillet. La période de ponte s'échève début juin dans les eaux relativement chaudes alors qu'elle peut durer jusqu'en septembre dans les eaux froides. Dans le Sud de l'Angleterre, la ponte peut débuter en fin avril (Tamise); mais en Irlande, elle ne commencera qu'en mai ou en juin	None	Brunet and Hoestlandt, 1972
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	May-July	['May', 'July']	Horvath et al, 1992
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	June-July	['June', 'July']	Barbier, 2001
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	Spawning period continues from April to July [Mass spawning takes place at the end of May and in the beginning of June]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Abdusamadov, 1986
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	Begins in June, extends into July and sometimes event the first days of August	['June', 'July', 'August']	Krykhtin and Gorbach, 1982
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	Mid May through Mid-June in Arkansas, May through July in the Terek River	['May', 'June', 'July']	Kolar et al, 2005
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	The grass carp spawns earlier, at a lower temperature than silver carp and big head	None	Ciolac, 2004
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	Occurs in June through July, mainly from the second half of June to the first half of July	['June', 'July']	Gorbach and Kryhtin, 1988
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	In the Changjiang River drainage, silver carp and grass carp generally starts spawning in late April or early May	['April', 'May']	Naca, 1989
Leucaspius delineatus	April-May	['April', 'May']	Billard, 1997
Leucaspius delineatus	April-May and July-August	['April', 'May', 'July', 'August']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Leucaspius delineatus	March to September	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Coad, 2005
Leucaspius delineatus	Mid-May to Mid-July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Le Louarn, 2001
Leucaspius delineatus	June to August	['June', 'July', 'August']	Cassou and Le Louarn, 1991
Leucaspius delineatus	Commences in May, depedning on thermal conditions, and last until August	['May', 'August']	Bonislawska et al, 1999
Leucaspius delineatus	May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Agence de l'eau,
Leuciscus cephalus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Leuciscus cephalus	April-July but vary from May-June to May-September	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Kalkan et al, 2005
Leuciscus cephalus	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Leuciscus cephalus	April to Mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Calta, 2000
Leuciscus cephalus	May to late June	['May', 'June']	Unlu and Balci, 1993
Leuciscus cephalus	From mid-April to mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Changeux and Le Louarn, 2001
Leuciscus cephalus	May [Also April and June]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Leuciscus cephalus	May-July	['May', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Leuciscus cephalus	May-July	['May', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Leuciscus cephalus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Terver, 1984
Leuciscus cephalus	April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Kalkan et al, 2005
Leuciscus cephalus	Spawninh took place between March and April [Warm climate in southern Turkey]	['March', 'April']	Sasi, 2003
Leuciscus cephalus	Spawning occurred from the end of May into June	['May', 'June']	Mann, 1976
Leuciscus cephalus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Leuciscus cephalus	Between May and July	['May', 'July']	Ünver, 1998
Leuciscus cephalus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Leuciscus cephalus	In European temperate waters chub spawn in spring, usually in May and June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Zelepien, 1997
Leuciscus cephalus	In both years of he study, fish began to spawn on May 15 and the spawning continued to the end of July	['May', 'July']	Erdogan et al, 2002
Leuciscus cephalus	Initial hatching took place between mid-June and mid-July, successive cohorts appearing at intervals thereafter	['June', 'July']	Nunn et al, 2007
Leuciscus cephalus	Spawning occurred between April and May […] Other studies : mainly in May and June, but also as late as September (in Kizilirmak River), or as early as April	['April', 'May', 'June', 'September']	Koc et al, 2007
Leuciscus idus	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Leuciscus idus	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Leuciscus idus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Kestemont, 2001
Leuciscus idus	May [From March to June]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Leuciscus idus	April-May	['April', 'May']	Mann, 1996
Leuciscus idus	Late winter or early spring	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fredrich et al, 2003
Leuciscus idus	April-May	['April', 'May']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Leuciscus idus	In southern and central Europe ide begin spawning in the second half of March or at the beginning of April. In nothern Europe and Siberia, spawning begins later - in the middle of May, or in June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Witkowski et al, 1997
Leuciscus idus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Kestemont and Mélard, 1994
Leuciscus idus	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kuliskova et al, 2009
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Leuciscus leuciscus	February until May	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Spillmann, 1961
Leuciscus leuciscus	End of March-Beginning of April until May-June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Persat, 2001
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Fishbase, 2006
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Mills, 1986
Leuciscus leuciscus	February-April	['February', 'April']	Mann, 1996
Leuciscus leuciscus	Might spawn in early March, possibly even in February	['February', 'March']	Kennedy, 1969
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Environment agency, ???
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Terver, 1984
Leuciscus leuciscus	March / April-May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Leuciscus leuciscus	Varies according to latitude, mainly March-April [Full range February to July]	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Lobon-cervia et al, 1996
Leuciscus leuciscus	Spawning occurred during the second half of March and no ripe fish were found at either site in April	['March', 'April']	Mann, 1974
Leuciscus leuciscus	Late winter or early spring	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fredrich et al, 2003
Leuciscus leuciscus	A small number of eggs were found on 21 March 80, but the following week a large shoal of ripe dace collected in a pool above the spawning site and spawned on 28 March 80	['March']	Mills, 1981
Leuciscus leuciscus	Between late February and early April	['February', 'April']	Mann and Mills, 1985
Leuciscus leuciscus	Mid to late March	['March']	Clough et al, 1998
Leuciscus leuciscus	(February) March-May	['February', 'March', 'May']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Leuciscus leuciscus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Kestemont and Mélard, 1994
Leuciscus leuciscus	In the Trent, dace hatched between the third week of April (2003) and the first week of May (2002), whereas in the Ouse catchment hatching occurred 3 or 4 weeks later	['April', 'May']	Nunn et al, 2007
Mylopharyngodon piceus	May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Phoxinus phoxinus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Phoxinus phoxinus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Phoxinus phoxinus	May and mid-June [July-August in cold region]	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Phoxinus phoxinus	From April to July, sometimes August [with a peak in May-June]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Kestemont, 2001
Phoxinus phoxinus	June to July, but starts also in April	['April', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Phoxinus phoxinus	From April to August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Mills, 1987
Phoxinus phoxinus	From the second half of May or the beginning of June till the second half of July or the middle of August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Papadopol and Weinberger, 1975
Phoxinus phoxinus	June in subalpine lake	['June']	Museth et al, 2002
Phoxinus phoxinus	From May 11 to June, 15	['May', 'June']	Wooton and Mills, 1979
Phoxinus phoxinus	April-August	['April', 'August']	Mann, 1996
Phoxinus phoxinus	Mainly June-July	['June', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Phoxinus phoxinus	May-July, with a peak in June	['May', 'June', 'July']	Bagenal, 1971
Phoxinus phoxinus	April-June (July)	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Phoxinus phoxinus	Spawn from May through July	['May', 'July']	Heese, 1984
Phoxinus phoxinus	May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Soin et al, 1982
Phoxinus phoxinus	The breeding season extends from May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Frost, 1943
Phoxinus phoxinus	May-August	['May', 'August']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Phoxinus phoxinus	From April to July (sometimes in August), but with a peak of spawning in May-June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Kestemont and Mélard, 1994
Phoxinus phoxinus	In the Ouse catchment, the main hatching period for minnow was around early June, with fish from subsequent cohorts appearing in small numbers thereafter	['June']	Nunn et al, 2007
Pimephales promelas	Between May 22 and August 22	['May', 'August']	Gale and Buynak, 1982
Pimephales promelas	May or June until August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Pimephales promelas	Late April-early September	['April', 'September']	Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Pimephales promelas	In the spring of 1931 the first eggs appeared May 16th and in 1932 on May 5th	['April', 'May', 'June']	Markus, 1934
Pseudorasbora parva	April-August	['April', 'August']	Coad, 2005
Pseudorasbora parva	April-July	['April', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Pseudorasbora parva	May-June	['May', 'June']	Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982
Pseudorasbora parva	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Rossechi et al, 2001
Pseudorasbora parva	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Pseudorasbora parva	April-July	['April', 'July']	Rosecchi et al, 2001
Pseudorasbora parva	In the Amur basin the spawning is in May-August, whereas it spawns earlier: in April-June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']	Witkowski, 2006
Pseudorasbora parva	Apparently, the mass spawning of stone mroco in Kuchki pond happened in the second half of May or in June. The stone moroco spawns from late May to July in Ukraine, and from the end of June to the beginning of August in the basin of the Amur	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Boltachev et al, 2006
Pseudorasbora parva	In Japan, the spawning season lasts from April to August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Katano and Maekawa, 1997
Rhodeus sericeus	April-August with a peak in May	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Smith et al, 2004
Rhodeus sericeus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Rhodeus sericeus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Rhodeus sericeus	Early spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Aldridge, 1999
Rhodeus sericeus	April to August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Oliver and Carrel, 2001
Rhodeus sericeus	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Rhodeus sericeus	April to mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Terver, 1984
Rhodeus sericeus	April to August for amrus	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Rutilus rutilus	April	['April']	Spillmann, 1961
Rutilus rutilus	Last week of April, first week of May	['April', 'May']	Rinchard, 1996
Rutilus rutilus	Start at May, 25 until May, 27 when the shoal dispersed; in the lake the roach spawned for at least 4 days, and one year later they spawned intermittently over a period of 19 days	['May']	Diamond, 1985
Rutilus rutilus	April until June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Rutilus rutilus	Late March to early May	['March', 'May']	Rinchard et al, 1996
Rutilus rutilus	Latter half of May	['May']	Mann, 1973
Rutilus rutilus	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Rutilus rutilus	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Le Houarn et al, 2001
Rutilus rutilus	May	['May']	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2000
Rutilus rutilus	April-May, sometimes June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Rutilus rutilus	Started in Mid-May until Mid-June	['May', 'June']	Vollestad et al, 1987
Rutilus rutilus	May	['May']	Kopiejewska, 2003
Rutilus rutilus	First half of April	['April']	Papageorgiou, 1979
Rutilus rutilus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Mann, 1996
Rutilus rutilus	April to early July	['April', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Rutilus rutilus	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Terver, 1984
Rutilus rutilus	The spawning occurs in early April to late May	['April', 'May']	Tarkan et al, 2006
Rutilus rutilus	Perch spawned between 16 and 24 May (peak 17-19 May) near the shoreline on branches. Roach spawned at the same time as or a few days earlier than perch	['May']	Urho, 1996
Rutilus rutilus	Late winter or early spring	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fredrich et al, 2003
Rutilus rutilus	In mid-May [Other authors descibed it in: last from May 11 to 22 in the Klicava reservoir; in southern Poland spawning occurred from the 3rd decade of April till the 1st decade of June]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Libovarsky et al, 1985
Rutilus rutilus	Spawn in May or June, depending on the water temperature in Lake Geneva	['May', 'June']	Gillet and Quétin, 2006
Rutilus rutilus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Rutilus rutilus	The spawning of roach occurred in Lake Konnevesibetween 1 and 4 June	['June']	Kortet al., 2004
Rutilus rutilus	Roach stared to spawn on average aound 30 April (day no. 120) in rivers and around 5 May in lakes within the Narva River Basin. One half of all measurement fell into a range of 16 days between 26 April and 11 May […] In lake Peipsi roach starts to spawn at the end of April. Spawning ends during the second half of May	['April', 'May']	Noges and Järvet, 2005
Rutilus rutilus	In the Trent, roach hatched between the end of April (2003) and the beginning of June (2002), but usually in the third and fourth weeks of May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Nunn et al, 2007
Rutilus rutilus	One to coincide with the annual spawning (spring sampling: Aire, n = 44, 18 May 1998; Nene, n = 70, 22 May, 1998; refrence 3, n = 51, 19 May 1998)	['April', 'May', 'June']	Jobling et al, 2002b
Rutilus rutilus	Spawning in spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kortet et al, 2004b
Rutilus rutilus	In the Baltic Sea, roach spawn in early May after the ice breakup	['May']	Härmä et al, 2008
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	April-May	['April', 'May']	Spillmann, 1961
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	June	['June']	Shikhshabekov, 1979
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	April-May to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	May-June, but also from March to July	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	First two weeks of May	['May']	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2000
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	April-July	['April', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	May-July	['May', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	April-May/June (July)	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	The spawning extends from early May to late June	['May', 'June']	Tarkan et al, 2006
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	Depending on the place of occurrence, the species begin to spawn when the water temperature reaches 14°C in April, the spawning going on until June. In colder areas, the spawning takes place from June until mid-July	['April', 'June', 'July']	Korzelecka and Winnicki, 1998
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	Spawn in pring and summer	['July', 'August', 'September']	Hicks, ???
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo et al, 2001
Tinca tinca	May-June	['May', 'June']	Horvath et al, 1992
Tinca tinca	May-July (sometimes in August)	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Spillmann, 1961
Tinca tinca	May-August	['May', 'August']	Billard, 1997
Tinca tinca	End of May until July-August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Tinca tinca	From May to October	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October']	Feunteun et al, 2001
Tinca tinca	June-July [Sometimes in May and August]	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Fishbase, 2006
Tinca tinca	Begins in late April and continues through early July	['April', 'July']	Yilmaz, 2002
Tinca tinca	Begins in May untill end of July	['May', 'July']	Linhart and Billard, 1995
Tinca tinca	May-August	['May', 'August']	Mann, 1996
Tinca tinca	May-August	['May', 'August']	Environment agency, ???
Tinca tinca	May-July/August	['May', 'July', 'August']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Tinca tinca	Spawning took place from the beginning of June to the end of July in almost all individuals	['June', 'July']	Alas and Solak, 2004
Tinca tinca	End of June, Begiining of July	['June', 'July']	Penaz et al, 1989
Tinca tinca	May-August. Other authors observed that tench spawned until Jul, other ended in mid-July, tench deased to spawn in the first days of august, also in mid-August	['May', 'July', 'August']	Pimpicka, 1989
Tinca tinca	The last batch of eggs is spawned at the end of July/beginning of August.	['July', 'August']	Kubu and Kouril, 1985
Tinca tinca	In central Europe, usually the first week in June to the first week in July	['June', 'July']	Linhart et al, 2003b
Vimba vimba	First days of May	['May']	Shikhshabekov, 1979
Vimba vimba	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Vimba vimba	April to June-July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Vimba vimba	End of April until the end of May or into June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Coad, 2005
Vimba vimba	From Beginning of May until the first ten days of June	['May', 'June']	Hliwa and Martyniak, 2002
Vimba vimba	End of April, Beginning of May, until end of May or End of June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Hliwa et al, 2002
Vimba vimba	April and June	['April', 'June']	Keith and Allardi, 2001
Vimba vimba	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Vimba vimba	May-July	['May', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Vimba vimba	V. vimba span in the Zeller Ache, one of the main tributaries of Mondsee, at the end of May and beginning of June	['May', 'June']	Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Vimba vimba	May-July	['May', 'July']	Maitland, 1977
Vimba vimba	Spawns in Malyy Kyzylagach bay at the end of April and continues until the end of May	['April', 'May']	Kuliev, 1988
Vimba vimba	May-June	['May', 'June']	Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006
Vimba vimba	The vimb breeding in Rega usually takes place in late May or in the beginning of June	['May', 'June']	Trzebiatowski and Narozanski, 1973
Vimba vimba	Between May and July	['May', 'July']	Luszczek et al, 2008
Gambusia affinis	April-September	['April', 'September']	Internet, 2005
Gambusia affinis	Beginning of June until end of September	['June', 'September']	Crivelli and Quatre, 2001
Gambusia affinis	In both years, no females with embryos were found before April. High percentages of adult females had embryos in June and july and (in 1983) in early august. By late september 1982 no females with embryos were found; and in 1983 only a very few gravid females were found in late September	['April', 'June', 'September']	Hughes, 1985
Esox masquinongy	Begin 13 May, peaked on 23 May, until 12 June	['May', 'June']	Farrell et al, 1996
Esox masquinongy	Spring spawner ususally in late April to late May [Spawns shortly after the ice has smelted]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Esox masquinongy	March to May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Fishbase, 2006
Esox masquinongy	Spring spawner, spawns shortly after ice has melted in late April or early May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Esox masquinongy	Late March-June, but usually May and June	['March', 'May', 'June']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Esox masquinongy	Spawn in the spring, after the northern pike	['April', 'May', 'June']	Pennslylvania fishes, 2006
Esox masquinongy	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Wynne, 2006
Esox masquinongy	Broodstock were captured on three seperate occassions (spanwing 15, 21, and 22 April 1998).	['April']	Rinchard et al, 2002
Esox masquinongy	Spawning occurs early in the spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Clemmons and Newman, 1997
Esox niger	April-May [Fall spawning has been observed]	['April', 'May', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Coffie, 1998
Esox niger	Spring spawner [But in certain areas, spawns in fall]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Esox niger	March-April, [But from January to June]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Esox niger	Spawn in early spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Pennslylvania fishes, 2006
Esox niger	April-May [Ice-out]	['April', 'May']	Anonymous, 2006
Esox niger	During the period from April 10 to April 25	['April']	Armbruster, 1959
Esox lucius	February-April	['February', 'April']	Hovarth et al, 1992
Esox lucius	May-June [Nothern latitudes], February-March [Southern latitudes]	['February', 'March', 'May', 'June']	Billard, 1996
Esox lucius	Begin 25 April, peaked on 13-16 May, until 27 May	['April', 'May']	Farrell et al, 1996
Esox lucius	February-End April [Northern Europe] and May-June [Northern region]	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Esox lucius	Mid-February until Mid-April	['February', 'March', 'April']	Lenhardt, 1992
Esox lucius	End of February in South, until April in North of France	['February', 'April']	Spillmann, 1961
Esox lucius	February-April	['February', 'April']	Frost and Kipling, 1967
Esox lucius	April	['April']	Bryan, 1967
Esox lucius	February-March but May-June in certain regions	['February', 'March', 'May', 'June']	Souchon, 1983
Esox lucius	February-April	['February', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Esox lucius	February-March [South], until April [North and in mountains]	['February', 'March', 'April']	Le Louarn and Feunteun, 2001
Esox lucius	February until April, up to May	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Fishbase, 2006
Esox lucius	April-early May, just after ice melts	['April', 'May']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Esox lucius	Greatest activity occurred in the later half of April	['April']	Lucas, 1992
Esox lucius	First half of March	['March']	Lenhardt and Cakic, 2002
Esox lucius	March-April	['March', 'April']	Mann, 1996
Esox lucius	March-May	['March', 'May']	Environment agency, ???
Esox lucius	14 April -7 May, aproximate peak 21 April	['April', 'May']	Bagenal, 1971
Esox lucius	Spring spawner, spawning commences shortly after ice-out but can sometimes occur before ice melts	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Esox lucius	In Labrador, spawning normally takes place from mid-April to mid-May, shortly after ice-out	['April', 'May']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Esox lucius	Started in February and ended in March	['February', 'March']	Chimits, 1951
Esox lucius	Occurred between 17 March when all females examined (N=12) were foudn to be gravid and 16 April when all (N=13) were spent	['March', 'April']	Treasurer, 1990
Esox lucius	Mean peak spawning 25 April [Range: 27 March -3 June] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['March', 'April', 'June']	June, 1977
Esox lucius	Burbot were caught with nets from Lake Pyhäselkä in eastern Finland before and during the spawning season in January and Fabruary 2001	['January']	Mustonen et al, 2002
Esox lucius	Usually late March-late April at 40-50°F	['March', 'April']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Esox lucius	In Fennoscandia, pike spawns in April-May	['April', 'May']	Vehniäinen et al, 2007
Esox lucius	In the northern areas, pike spawn after ice-break in the spring […] Mostly during May when water temperature reaches 10°C	['April', 'May', 'June']	Lappalainen et al, 2008
Lota lota	December-January	['January', 'December']	Billard, 1997
Lota lota	November to March [In February in Alpin lakes]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'November']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Lota lota	During winter [February in France]	['January', 'February', 'March']	Spillmann, 1961
Lota lota	November to March	['January', 'February', 'March', 'November']	Van Houdt, 2003
Lota lota	Spawns in mid-winter under the ice: from November to May, but mainly in January to March in Canada	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'November']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Lota lota	Mainly in December to January [But from November to March]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Lota lota	From late December to January	['January', 'December']	Vedeneev et al, 2003
Lota lota	Spawn in February and March in Northern Finland	['February', 'March']	Pulliainen and Korhonen, 1993
Lota lota	November-March	['March', 'November']	Mann, 1996
Lota lota	End of November to Beginning of March	['March', 'November']	Terver, 1984
Lota lota	Spawn under the ice, usually between January and March	['January', 'February', 'March']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Lota lota	Spawn in midwinter under the ice, from November to May, but generally they spawn in Janaury through March	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'November']	Anonymous, 2003
Lota lota	Male burbot were observed in a near-ripe condition about January 20 in each year, and actual spawning probably commenced about January 31. Many fish were spent by February 10, but ripe unspawned fish of both sex occurred as late as February 20.	['January', 'February']	Hewson, 1955
Lota lota	Maximum feeding of burbot was observed during the prespawning (September-December) and postspawning (March-June) feeding periods	['March', 'June', 'September', 'December']	Kirillov, 1989
Lota lota	In 1987, spawning males were found from 13 March to 5 April and females from 2 March to 27 March, whereas in 1988 spawning occurred earlier: from 26 February to 20 March in the males and from 11 February to 11 march in the females.	['February', 'March', 'April']	Pulliainen and Korhonen, 1990
Lota lota	From December to Marhc	['December']	Kujawa et al, 2002
Lota lota	Mean peak spawning 14 January [Range: 12 January-1 February] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['January', 'February']	June, 1977
Lota lota	Winter spawner. In the lakes of North America, activity of burbot increased until the period of reproduction in February and March	['January', 'February', 'March']	Slavik and Bartos, 2002
Lota lota	A 1-week period in november-May, at 33-50°F; varies considerably with locality; eggs have also been collected in September	['May', 'September']	Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Lota lota	Burbot spawn in winter time at a temperature of 1-4°C	['January', 'February', 'March']	Harzevili et al, 2004
Lota lota	Burbot spawn in the winter or early spring in most areas	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bonar et al, 2000
Gasterosteus aculeatus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Gasterosteus aculeatus	April to October	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October']	Coad, 2005
Gasterosteus aculeatus	April-May but February-March in southern region	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gasterosteus aculeatus	May-July [But also February-August]	['February', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Internet, 2005
Gasterosteus aculeatus	March until July	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Crivelli, 2001
Gasterosteus aculeatus	Mainly April-June [But in March and September]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'September']	Fishbase, 2006
Gasterosteus aculeatus	Generally in June-July, but from April to September	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Gasterosteus aculeatus	Thye first nest appear in mid-May and most nest building was finished by mid-June and was extremely rare after June 30	['May', 'June']	Fitzgerald, 1983
Gasterosteus aculeatus	March-June	['March', 'June']	Environment agency, ???
Gasterosteus aculeatus	April-May	['April', 'May']	Terver, 1984
Gasterosteus aculeatus	Spawning shortly occur after migration, in June [Resident freshwater populations spawn mainly in mid-Summer, during June and July]	['June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Gasterosteus aculeatus	The breeding season is in late spring-summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Borg and Van Veen, 1982
Gasterosteus aculeatus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Borg, 1982
Gasterosteus aculeatus	Bred from April to July, but the majority of them were sexually active from May onwards	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Sokolowska and Sokolowska, 2006
Gasterosteus aculeatus	This fish breeds mainly during April and May, but it is possible in tha laboratory to bring into breeding condition during most of the year	['April', 'May']	Swarup, 1958
Gasterosteus aculeatus	April-September	['April', 'September']	Goodyear, 1982
Gasterosteus aculeatus	They have spawned from April to mid June	['April', 'June']	Mori and Magoshi, 1987
Pungitius pungitius	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Pungitius pungitius	April-May and in July in Nothern region	['April', 'May', 'July']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Pungitius pungitius	April-June	['April', 'June']	Lafaille and Feunteun, 2001
Pungitius pungitius	May-June [Also in April until August]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Fishbase, 2006
Pungitius pungitius	Summer	['July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Pungitius pungitius	May-June	['May', 'June']	Heins et al, 2003
Pungitius pungitius	Last week of May and most nest building was finished by mid-June and was extremely rare after June 30 [Sexually mature individuals were found in the pools in early May]	['May', 'June']	Fitzgerald, 1983
Pungitius pungitius	April-July	['April', 'July']	Environment agency, ???
Pungitius pungitius	April-May	['April', 'May']	Terver, 1984
Pungitius pungitius	In most areas thoughout its range, spawning occurs in the summer in relatively shallow areas containing dense aquatic vegetation	['July', 'August', 'September']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Pungitius pungitius	May-July	['May', 'July']	Goodyear, 1982
Pungitius pungitius	The breeding season in the Bay begins at the end of April and ends in July	['April', 'July']	Sokolowska and Skora, 2002
Pungitius pungitius	May-June [Alaskan Lake], Late June-early July [Alaskan Lake], June-July [Newfoundland, Québec River], Early May-Late June [Québec tidal creek], Mid-June-late July [Lake Superior, U.S.A], April-August [Indiana Lake, U.S.A], April-May [English Stream], June-July (North) and April-May (South) [In Europe], Late January-late June [Japan]	['January', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Heins et al, 2003
Ambloplites rupestris	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Ambloplites rupestris	May-June	['May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Ambloplites rupestris	April to Mid-July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Carrel et al, 2001
Ambloplites rupestris	Late spring and ealry summer, probably June in Canada	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Ambloplites rupestris	April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Ambloplites rupestris	May-June	['May', 'June']	Gross and Nowell, 1980
Ambloplites rupestris	Late spring and early summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Ambloplites rupestris	April-early August, usually late May-June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Ambloplites rupestris	Nesting was asynchronous both years, occurring from mid-May to mid-July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Noltie and Keenleyside, 1987
Lepomis gibbosus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Lepomis gibbosus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Lepomis gibbosus	May trough August in mid-Atlantic region	['May', 'August']	Internet, 2005
Lepomis gibbosus	May-June [But in July-September in South of France]	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Lepomis gibbosus	May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Danylchuk and Fox, 1994
Lepomis gibbosus	May to August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Carrel et al, 2001
Lepomis gibbosus	Usually begins in late spring to early summer, sometimes to the end of August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Lepomis gibbosus	May to July	['May', 'June', 'July']	Fishbase, 2006
Lepomis gibbosus	June-July	['June', 'July']	Copp et al, 2002
Lepomis gibbosus	From last week of May until the third week in August	['May', 'August']	Fox and Crivelli, 1998
Lepomis gibbosus	From mid-May to Mid-August	['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2000
Lepomis gibbosus	Late spring, early summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Lepomis gibbosus	Peak spawning occur in the second half of May	['May']	Rue, 2001
Lepomis gibbosus	June to August	['June', 'July', 'August']	Fox and Crivelli, 1998
Lepomis gibbosus	May-August	['May', 'August']	Goodyear, 1982
Lepomis gibbosus	Eggs were collected from June 1-10, 1996, by placing clay tiles in nests of male pumpkinseed	['June']	Arendt and Wilson, 2000
Micropterus dolomieui	May-July [Estimated also in April-May]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Internet, 2005
Micropterus dolomieui	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Micropterus dolomieui	April-May [Also in March and June]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Micropterus dolomieui	Late May to early July	['May', 'July']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Micropterus dolomieui	Late April to mid-June, spawning in the canal occurred approximatively 1 month earlier than in adjacent non-thermally influenced ragions	['April', 'May', 'June']	Cooke et al, 2003
Micropterus dolomieui	Late May-early June	['May', 'June']	Martin et al, 1998
Micropterus dolomieui	May-June	['May', 'June']	Rue, 2001
Micropterus dolomieui	During spring and early summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Micropterus dolomieui	Nest building began in late May, egg deposition peaked around the middle of June and continued until the end of June	['May', 'June']	McNeill, 1995
Micropterus dolomieui	Nest building geban on June 3 in 1965 and June 5 in 1966	['June']	Turner and MacCrimmon, 1970
Micropterus dolomieui	North temperate populations of smallmouth bass reproduce shortly after winter ice-out, in late May	['January', 'February', 'March', 'May']	Gillooly and Baylis, 1999
Micropterus dolomieui	A period of 6-10 days in March to mid-August, usually May-July	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Micropterus dolomieui	Males spawned between 12 April and 14 May	['April', 'May']	Knotek and Orth, 1998
Micropterus salmoides	In southern Florida spawning starts in Mid-December to Mid-January, peaks in February, and stops in April	['January', 'February', 'April', 'December']	Heidinger, 1976
Micropterus salmoides	Mid-April until end of May	['April', 'May']	Spillmann, 1961
Micropterus salmoides	From spring trough early summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Williamson et al, 1993
Micropterus salmoides	Late April to July (in Minnesota)	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Newburg, 1975
Micropterus salmoides	Mid-March	['March']	Rosenblum et al, 1994
Micropterus salmoides	Florida largemouth bass begin spawing earlier than nother largemouth bass and that considerable overlap in spawing periods may result in the production of intergrades	None	Isely and Noble, 1987
Micropterus salmoides	April through June, peaking in early May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Internet, 2005
Micropterus salmoides	April-May or June [In France]	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Micropterus salmoides	March to July	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Billard, 1997
Micropterus salmoides	End of April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Carrel and Schlumberger, 2001
Micropterus salmoides	March to June [France], May to August \|North America]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Fishbase, 2006
Micropterus salmoides	Late spring to mid-summer with the peak usually early to mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Micropterus salmoides	Spawn from late May to early August	['May', 'August']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Micropterus salmoides	Spawning in heated and unheated areas of Par Pond occurred predominantly during March and April	['March', 'April']	Bennett and Gibbons, 1975
Micropterus salmoides	June, at this month spawning period of the pain pond females had begun	['June']	Martin et al, 1997
Micropterus salmoides	Spawno the in lake Manyame occurs from late-winter to early-spring, just prior to the onset of the first rains in Zimbabwe	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Beamish et al, 2005
Micropterus salmoides	April-August, usually late may-early july	['April', 'August']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Micropterus salmoides	In the years 2001-2002, on a total of 20 couples/year, 16 and 15 broodstocks laid eggs respectively, from the half to the end of April at the water temperature of 19 ± 2°C	['April']	Roncarati et al, 2005
Dicentrarchus labrax	December	['December']	Prat et al. (1990) General And Comparative Endocrinology 78, 361-373;
Dicentrarchus labrax	December to January with an optimum in January [Mediterranean Sea] and April-May [Britany] and June [Irlande]	['January', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'December']	Zohar et al, 1984
Dicentrarchus labrax	December-April	['April', 'December']	Billard, 1997
Dicentrarchus labrax	January till April, and March to June in nothern regions	['January', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Dicentrarchus labrax	April-May [Nothern Bristol Channel]	['April', 'May']	Mayer et al, 1990
Dicentrarchus labrax	Spawning occurred from 09 February 2001 to 12 May 2001, in natural photoperiod and tempertaure conditions	['February', 'May']	Abdel et al, 2004
Dicentrarchus labrax	According to the lattitudes, spawns in winter, December to March with an optimum in January in Mediterranean Sea, April-May in Brittany (France), and up to June (Irland)	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'December']	Barnabé, 1980
Dicentrarchus labrax	Main spawning period : April-May	['April', 'May']	Mayer et al, 1990
Dicentrarchus labrax	In the control fish, maintained under a simulated natural photoperiod cycle and natural temperature, spawning occurred from February through March.	['February', 'March']	Mananos et al, 1997
Dicentrarchus labrax	On the south-east coast of Spain, under natural conditions, spawning occurs during winter months	['January', 'February', 'March']	Rodriguez et al, 2001
Dicentrarchus labrax	December to March in the Mediterranean Sea	['January', 'February', 'March', 'December']	Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003
Dicentrarchus labrax	Reproduction in sea bass takes place in winter, when water temperature is between 11 to 15°C	['January', 'February', 'March']	Georgakopoulou et al, 2007
Morone americana	Commences about mid-May and may extend to the end of June	['May', 'June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Morone americana	Middle of May to the end of June	['May', 'June']	Sheri and Power, 1968
Morone americana	From April to June, or July, with peak egg deposition in mid-May to early June	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Everly and Boreman, 1999
Morone americana	Mid-march and May	['May']	Rue, 2001
Morone americana	Peaks in April and May	['April', 'May']	North and Houde, 2001
Morone chrysops	April-June	['April', 'June']	Internet, 2005
Morone chrysops	Spring: usually in May, extending in June in cool years	['April', 'May', 'June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Morone chrysops	Could have extended from March to April	['March', 'April']	Berlinsky et al, 1995
Morone chrysops	Spawning activity extended from about 17 May to 10 June	['May', 'June']	Ruelle, 1977
Morone chrysops	Spawning takes place in May, and may extend into June	['May', 'June']	Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Morone chrysops	Mean peak spawning 3 June [Range: 11 May-27 June] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['May', 'June']	June, 1977
Morone chrysops	In April-early-June, usually late May-early June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Goodyear, 1982
Morone saxatilis	April-June, can extend to mid-summer	['April', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Internet, 2005
Morone saxatilis	Mainly May, but April-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Morone saxatilis	Usually in June	['June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Morone saxatilis	About mid-April to mid-June, peaking in mid-May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Carmichael et al, 1998
Morone saxatilis	Occurs primarily in April and May	['April', 'May']	Sullivan et al, 1997
Morone saxatilis	Early May to June	['May', 'June']	Everly and Boreman, 1999
Morone saxatilis	Genreally from April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Rue, 2001
Morone saxatilis	Peaks in April and May	['April', 'May']	North and Houde, 2001
Morone saxatilis	Spawn in Chesapeake Bay tributaries from April to Hune	['April']	Rutherford and Houde, 1994
Morone saxatilis	April through June, the excat time depending on the latirude and temperature	['April', 'June']	Merriman, 1937
Morone saxatilis	Most fish observed left the spanwing area between 16 April and 1 May	['April', 'May']	Dudley et al, 1977
Morone saxatilis	April	['April']	Vuthiphandchai et al, 2002
Morone saxatilis	Normally spawn at Chesapeake latitude (April-May)	['April', 'May']	Clark et al, 2005
Morone saxatilis	Striped bass spawn in spring in numerous estuaries on the east coast of North America	['April', 'May', 'June']	Macintosh and Duston, 2007
Gymnocephalus cernua	March to May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Spillmann, 1961
Gymnocephalus cernua	May-July	['May', 'July']	Brown et al, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua	April-May but June in Nothern Region	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gymnocephalus cernua	Usually during April-July	['April', 'July']	Crosier et al, 2005
Gymnocephalus cernua	Mid-April to July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Ogle, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua	April-June	['April', 'June']	Craig, 2000
Gymnocephalus cernua	Mid-April to Mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kovac, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua	Late April to Mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Leino and McCormick, 1997
Gymnocephalus cernua	March to May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Billard, 1997
Gymnocephalus cernua	March to August	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Crivelli and Rosecchi, 2001
Gymnocephalus cernua	April-May but also March to up to August	['March', 'April', 'May', 'August']	Fishbase, 2006
Gymnocephalus cernua	March-July	['March', 'July']	Mann, 1996
Gymnocephalus cernua	March-May	['March', 'May']	Environment agency, ???
Gymnocephalus cernua	March to early May	['March', 'May']	Terver, 1984
Gymnocephalus cernua	April-May	['April', 'May']	Maitland, 1977
Gymnocephalus cernua	In Polish waters typically from mid-April through end of May	['April', 'May']	Neja, 1988
Perca flavescens	Depending on latitudes, the spawning period extends from March to late June	['March', 'June']	Craig, 2000
Perca flavescens	March-April	['March', 'April']	Mansueti, 1964
Perca flavescens	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Heidinger and Kayes, 1986
Perca flavescens	April and early May	['April', 'May']	Kayes and Calbert, 1979
Perca flavescens	Mid-April to Beginning of May	['April', 'May']	Malservisi and Magnin, 1968
Perca flavescens	In the spring, usually from April 15 to early May, but spawning may extend into July in some areas	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Perca flavescens	Spawning period extends from March to late June	['March', 'June']	Kestemont and Mélard, 2000
Perca flavescens	Spaws in spring during a period when water temperatures begin to rise (mid-April to early May)	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Perca flavescens	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Perca flavescens	Early spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Whiteside et al, 1983
Perca flavescens	The spawning period occurred from the middle of May through the end of June	['May', 'June']	Brazo et al, 1975
Perca flavescens	Mean peak spawning 1 May [Range: 14 April-20 May] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['April', 'May']	June, 1977
Perca flavescens	Spawn in April-June and complete most of a year's growthby August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']	Purchase et al, 2005
Perca flavescens	Yellow perch typically spawn in South Dakota lakes and wetlands from mid-April to mid-May […] On Lake Madison during 2000 and 2001, egg deposition on submerged conifer bundles occurred over 3-15 days periods from 21 April to 5 May at water temperatures between 7 and 17°C, and no new egg deposition was observed after the first week of May	['April', 'May']	Isermann and Willis, 2008
Perca fluviatilis	March until May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Spillmann, 1961
Perca fluviatilis	February and July in Nothern Hemisphere	['February', 'July']	Thorpe, 1977
Perca fluviatilis	March-April-May but end of June in Nothern Region	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Perca fluviatilis	March to June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Dalimier and Voss, 1982
Perca fluviatilis	End April to Mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Dalimier et al, 1982
Perca fluviatilis	20 April [Scotland]	['April']	Treasurer, 1983
Perca fluviatilis	Beginning of April until June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Sandström et al, 1997
Perca fluviatilis	April-May until beginning of June in the Leman Lake	['April', 'May', 'June']	Gillet and Dubois, 2003
Perca fluviatilis	Spawning period extends from March to late June	['March', 'June']	Kestemont and Mélard, 2000
Perca fluviatilis	March-June	['March', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Perca fluviatilis	Mid-April to Mid-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Dubois, 2001
Perca fluviatilis	Mainly March to May	['March', 'April', 'May']	Fishbase, 2006
Perca fluviatilis	March-April	['March', 'April']	Mann, 1996
Perca fluviatilis	April-May	['April', 'May']	Environment agency, ???
Perca fluviatilis	May-June, peak in 20 May	['May', 'June']	Bagenal, 1971
Perca fluviatilis	Mid-March to April	['March', 'April']	Terver, 1984
Perca fluviatilis	The spawning period of perch was May in lake Geneva	['May']	Gillet et al, 1995
Perca fluviatilis	Spawnings in natural conditions in early spring, commecing from March in south regions and from June in the north	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Korzelecka et al, 1998
Perca fluviatilis	Perch spawned between 16 and 24 May (peak 17-19 May) near the shoreline on branches	['May']	Urho, 1996
Perca fluviatilis	Perch in both lakes spawned in the middle of May, following a rapid 2-week increase in water temeprature from 4-6°C to 10-13°C	['May']	Noaksson et al, 2004
Perca fluviatilis	In the Trent and Avon, perch hatched at approximately the same time as roach, between the end of April (2003) and the middle of May (all other years)	['April', 'May']	Nunn et al, 2007
Perca fluviatilis	During the spawning time in May	['May']	Mansour et al, 2008
Sander lucioperca	March-April	['March', 'April']	Hovarth et al, 1992
Sander lucioperca	April-June	['April', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Sander lucioperca	February until July, usually in April and May	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Craig, 2000
Sander lucioperca	April-June	['April', 'June']	Spillmann, 1961
Sander lucioperca	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Sander lucioperca	April	['April']	Schlumberger and Proteau, 1991
Sander lucioperca	From April to mid-summer	['April', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Kestemont and Mélard, 2000
Sander lucioperca	April-May [March to August]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Fishbase, 2006
Sander lucioperca	Generally in April-May, with its extremes late in February and early in July	['February', 'April', 'May', 'July']	Deeler and Willemsen, 1964
Sander lucioperca	April-May	['April', 'May']	Mann, 1996
Sander lucioperca	March-April	['March', 'April']	Poulet, 2004
Sander lucioperca	April-May	['April', 'May']	Demska-Zakes and Zakes, 2002
Sander lucioperca	April-June	['April', 'June']	Environment agency, ???
Sander lucioperca	Mid-March to April	['March', 'April']	Terver, 1984
Sander lucioperca	April	['April']	Laurent et al, 1973
Sander lucioperca	Generally takes place in late April-early May in the Southern Baltic Sea and in late May-June in the Nothern Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland	['April', 'May', 'June']	Lehtonen et al, 1996
Sander lucioperca	Pike perch in the Batak Dam usually spawn from the end of March until the end of April, at water temperatures between 4°C and 6°C. Spawning begins earlier in the cooling reservoir (end of February to the end of March) at water temperatures between 6°c and 12°C	['February', 'March', 'April']	Raikova-Petrova and Zivkov, 1998
Sander lucioperca	March is the peak spawning period	['March']	Poulet et al, 2005
Sander lucioperca	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Schlumberger and Proteau, 1996
Sander lucioperca	End of April - Beginning of June	['April', 'June']	Dubois et al, 1996
Sander lucioperca	Spawning season starts in April-May	['April', 'May']	Wang et al, 2009
Sander vitreus	Early spring, as early as February in southern areas and can extend into July	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Malison et al, 1998
Sander vitreus	Early spring, as early as February in southern areas and can extend into July	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Malison and Held, 1996b
Sander vitreus	As early as January-February, and as late as June	['January', 'February', 'June']	Colby et al, 1979
Sander vitreus	April	['April']	Corbett and Powles, 1986
Sander vitreus	Walleye are one of the first species to spawn in the spring, shortly after ice break-up. Early to mid-April	['April', 'May', 'June']	Malison et al, 1994
Sander vitreus	Early spring in southern areas to July un nothern extremes	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Kestemont and Mélard, 2000
Sander vitreus	In the spring or early summer [Early April, to end of June in North]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Sander vitreus	April-June	['April', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Sander vitreus	Spring spawner	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Sander vitreus	Spring and early summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Sander vitreus	Mean peak spawning 4 May [Range: 12 April-29 May] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['April', 'May']	June, 1977
Sander vitreus	Ripe ova were collected from individual females on 5 May and 6 May	['May']	Johnston et al, 2007
Sander vitreus	Sampling was conducted during the spring spawning period from 2002 to 2004; dates of sampling varied from early April in the south to late May in the north	['April', 'May', 'June']	Moles et al, 2008
Sander vitreus	Walleye were sampled from a lake-spawning stock from eastern Lake Ontario in the Bay of Quinte (44°OO' N; 76°40' W) on 22 April 2004 and from a riverine-spawning stock from eastern Lake Erie in the Grand River (42°52' N; 79°30' W) on 22 and 23 April 2004	['April']	Johnston et al, 2008
Coregonus lavaretus	October-December	['October', 'December']	Billard, 1997
Coregonus lavaretus	October to December	['October', 'November', 'December']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Coregonus lavaretus	Late October to late November	['October', 'November']	Skurdal et al, 1985
Coregonus lavaretus	December to January	['January', 'December']	Gerdeaux, 2001
Coregonus lavaretus	Some in autum, and some in winter December to March	['January', 'February', 'March', 'December']	Zuromska, 1982
Coregonus lavaretus	November to December	['November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Coregonus lavaretus	Spawning takes place in summer, autumn or winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Coad, 2006
Coregonus lavaretus	From 15 th January to 15 February	['January', 'February']	Bagenal, 1970
Coregonus lavaretus	October to January	['January', 'October', 'November']	Maitland, 1977
Coregonus lavaretus	Spawning takes place during the first 3 weeks of January in Loch Lomond, Scotland	['January']	Fuller et al, 1976
Coregonus lavaretus	Late November-early December	['November', 'December']	Heese, 1990
Coregonus albula	October to December	['October', 'November', 'December']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Coregonus albula	November-December	['November', 'December']	Demska-Zakes and Dlugosz, 1995
Coregonus albula	November-December [But described in February-March in some lakes in Finland]	['February', 'March', 'November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Coregonus albula	Usually in autumn, at the end of October, but sometimes during the winter [December to April]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kuopio, 1991
Coregonus albula	Autumn	['October', 'November', 'December']	Dlugosz and Worniallo, 1985
Coregonus albula	October to December	['October', 'November', 'December']	Maitland, 1977
Coregonus albula	Most whitefish spawn in fall	['October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Coregonus albula	Late November to early December	['November', 'December']	Wilkonska et al, 1993
Coregonus albula	December for nominate form and April/May for the deepwater form in Lake Stechlin	['April', 'May', 'December']	Anwand, 1998
Coregonus albula	In 9 Finnish and Polish Lakes range between October/November/December except one population in lake Kajoonjârvi which is in Febr./March	['March', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kamler et al, 1982
Coregonus albula	Vendace spawn in Pyhäjärvi in early November	['November']	Sarvala et al, 1992
Coregonus clupeaformis	Last 2 weeks of November	['November']	Harris and Huslman, 2001
Coregonus clupeaformis	November [Mainly] and December	['November', 'December']	Rinchard et al, 2001
Coregonus clupeaformis	November and December, but also from late September to October	['September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Coregonus clupeaformis	November to December	['November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Coregonus clupeaformis	For the most part, spawning occurs in late October and early November [There have been instances where spawning has occurred into mid-December]	['October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Coregonus clupeaformis	October-January, peak spawning usually occurs in late November-earlt December	['January', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Coregonus clupeaformis	Spawn in the autumn, usually in November and December	['October', 'November', 'December']	Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Coregonus clupeaformis	In Labrador, spawning usually takes place in lakes in mid-September or October	['September', 'October']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Coregonus clupeaformis	Some species of Coregonus in summer or winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Coregonus clupeaformis	From Ocotber to January, but usually from the end of October to the end of December	['January', 'October', 'December']	Mack and Billard, 1984
Hucho hucho	March-April	['March', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Hucho hucho	Spring: Mid-March until Mid-April, up to May	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Hucho hucho	April	['April']	Perrin, 2001
Hucho hucho	March-April	['March', 'April']	Jatteau, 1991
Hucho hucho	April-May	['April', 'May']	Fishbase, 2006
Hucho hucho	On the south of Europe spawning starts as soon as February and lasts until March and in Central Europe it extends from April to mid-May	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Witkowski, 1988
Hucho hucho	Spring spawner [Other authors described between March and May]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Humpesch, 1985
Hucho hucho	The spawning begins in April (the earliest spawning was noted on April 6, at water temperature of 3.6°C) and lasts to mid July (the last spawning was observed on May 13, at water temperature of 9.2°C). The most intense spawning usually occurs by the end of April at water temperature of about 7°C	['April', 'May', 'July']	Witokowski and Kokurewicz, 1981
Hucho hucho	Spring spawner, it spawns in March and April	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Prawochensky and Kolder, 1968
Hucho hucho	Depending on the local water temperature spawning takes place between the middle of March and end of April	['March', 'April']	Jungwirth, 1978
Hucho hucho	The ripening of the sexual products of Danubian salmon takes place in the spring months, especially in the second half of April and first half of May	['April', 'May', 'June']	Penaz and Prihoda, 1981
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Late August to early October	['August', 'October']	Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Salmon spawning does not extend past October	['October']	Beacham and Murray, 1986
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	In British Columbia, pink salmon spawn during August through October	['August', 'October']	Beacham et al, 1988
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Mainly in August, with a peak in early-mid August [in the rivers of nothern shore of the sea of Okhotsk]	['August']	Golobanov, 1982
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Early August until the ten first days of September	['August', 'September']	Zolotukhin, 1993
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	From mid-July to late October	['July', 'October']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	September-November [June-November]	['June', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Fishbase, 2006
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	September-early October, usually peaks in mid-September	['September', 'October']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Occurs in late August through October	['August', 'October']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Among the species of Oncorhynchus, the salmon are typically late-summer spawners (the exact timing differing among locations and years), although southern chinook populations breed in psring, and some coho populations breed in late winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	Pacific salmon spawn in fall (though this may be as early as July or as late as February, depending on species and region) whereas the Pacific trout species (formely in the genus Salmo) spawn in spring.	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Quinn and Myers, 2004
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	October-November	['October', 'November']	Keenleyside and Dupuis, 1988
Oncorhynchus keta	July [Nothern and central areas], September to January [Southern areas]	['January', 'July', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus keta	There are two main seasonal fomrs of chum salmo, with the chief differences between then being reprodcutive-the summer form spawns in sites with subsurface river flow with seasonal (and dialy) temperature variation and the atum form selects spawning sites influneced by groundwater under relatively constant temperatures	['July', 'August', 'September']	Leman, 1993
Oncorhynchus keta	October, but from September to November	['September', 'October', 'November']	Fishbase, 2006
Oncorhynchus keta	Early O. keta spawn in July-August, and late in October-December	['July', 'August', 'October', 'December']	Volobuev and Volobuev, 2000
Oncorhynchus keta	Most spawn before the end of August or the beginning of September. Nothern populations have peak periods of spawning in August or early September, southern populations in October to November	['August', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Bakkala, 1970
Oncorhynchus keta	Among the species of Oncorhynchus, the salmon are typically late-summer spawners (the exact timing differing among locations and years), although southern chinook populations breed in psring, and some coho populations breed in late winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Oncorhynchus keta	Pacific salmon spawn in fall (though this may be as early as July or as late as February, depending on species and region) whereas the Pacific trout species (formely in the genus Salmo) spawn in spring.	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Quinn and Myers, 2004
Oncorhynchus keta	In British Columbia, chum salmon spawn in over 880 streams from late July through January	['January', 'July']	Murray and Beacham, 1987
Oncorhynchus keta	As early as July in northern and central areas of British Columbia and as late as January in the southern region	['January', 'July']	Beacham and Murray, 1987
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Can last from October to March, but most populations spawn between November and January [Spawn over a longer period than other Pacific slamon]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'October', 'November']	Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus kisutch	December 9-21 in captivity [normal conditions: October to January]	['January', 'October', 'November', 'December']	MacQuarrie et al, 1978
Oncorhynchus kisutch	October to March, but usually October to November, ot November to January	['January', 'February', 'March', 'October', 'November']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Spawning in British Columbia typically peaks in November and December when autumn rains have raised water levels, but spawning may continue at low levels into January or as late as March	['January', 'March', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Murray et al, 1990
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Lake Erie spawn from early November to mid-December	['November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Mid-September to January; spawning usually peaks in October-November; low temperature in early winter can delay spawning until speing	['January', 'February', 'March', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Among the species of Oncorhynchus, the salmon are typically late-summer spawners (the exact timing differing among locations and years), although southern chinook populations breed in psring, and some coho populations breed in late winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Pacific salmon spawn in fall (though this may be as early as July or as late as February, depending on species and region) whereas the Pacific trout species (formely in the genus Salmo) spawn in spring.	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Quinn and Myers, 2004
Oncorhynchus kisutch	Spawning usually begins early in October and ends in mid-November	['October', 'November']	Crone and Bond, 1976
Oncorhynchus mykiss	December through April, January trough March, Spring	['January', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'December']	Internet, 2005
Oncorhynchus mykiss	January to July [Mainly from mid-April to June]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Begin in December	['December']	Duston and Bromage, 1986
Oncorhynchus mykiss	February to June [Really rare in Europe]	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Oncorhynchus mykiss	October to May	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'October', 'November']	Billard, 1997
Oncorhynchus mykiss	October to May	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'October', 'November']	Fishbase, 2006
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Basically spring spawner: from March to August, mainly from mid-April to late-June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Spawning takes place from March to August but is usually in spring [North America Great Lakes fish spawn from late December to late April]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'December']	Coad, 2006
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Rainbow trout are basically spring spawners, although some autumn and winter spawning has been observed	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Mid-November to January	['January', 'November']	Terver, 1984
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Unlike other salmonids in Newfoundland, rainbow trout spawn in the spring, usually from mid-April to mid-May, although lake-resident trout may spawn as early as late March in cetains areas of Newfoundland	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Rainbows (including steelhead) and cutthroats characteristically breed in late winter, spring and summer	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Pacific salmon spawn in fall (though this may be as early as July or as late as February, depending on species and region) whereas the Pacific trout species (formely in the genus Salmo) spawn in spring.	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Quinn and Myers, 2004
Oncorhynchus mykiss	The controls under the simulated natural seasonal cycle spawned in January/February at the same time as fish of the same strain in outside tanks under ambiant day-length	['January', 'February']	Bromage et al, 1984
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Spring spawner [Other authors described between October and March]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November']	Humpesch, 1985
Oncorhynchus nerka	Late summer [Nothern and central areas] and Autumn [More southern areas]	['July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus nerka	Generally September and October, and in November and December	['September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus nerka	September-October, or November-December	['September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Oncorhynchus nerka	Between Mid-October for the first spawners to Mid-December for the last spawners	['October', 'December']	Hendry et al, 1998
Oncorhynchus nerka	Spawn in Puget Sound from late September to late December and occasionally into January, and in the Columbia River from late September to early November	['January', 'September', 'November', 'December']	Gustafson et al, 1997
Oncorhynchus nerka	Spawning occurs from the end of July to February but in some years continue through February, but in lake Dal'neye occur from the end of July to the beginning of October	['January', 'February', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Yegorova, 1978
Oncorhynchus nerka	September-October, peaks in late September or early October	['September', 'October']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus nerka	Among the species of Oncorhynchus, the salmon are typically late-summer spawners (the exact timing differing among locations and years), although southern chinook populations breed in psring, and some coho populations breed in late winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Oncorhynchus nerka	Throughout the period of island beach spawning, 13-29 August 1997	['August']	Hamon et al, 1999
Oncorhynchus nerka	Pacific salmon spawn in fall (though this may be as early as July or as late as February, depending on species and region) whereas the Pacific trout species (formely in the genus Salmo) spawn in spring.	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Quinn and Myers, 2004
Oncorhynchus nerka	The great majority spawn in tributaries of lakes Wenatchee and Osoyoos in September and October	['September', 'October']	Quinn et al, 1997
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	All year around because many races are involved	None	Internet, 2005
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	May to July and September to October : all year round	['May', 'June', 'July', 'September', 'October']	Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	Spawning normally occur in September	['September']	Slater et al, 1994
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	From late September to early October	['September', 'October']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	September to November, also March to May	['March', 'April', 'May', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Fishbase, 2006
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	Either spawn in the spring or fall depending on the latitude, in Great lakes generally spawn in the fall	['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	Late August-mid November, peaks in October	['August', 'October', 'November']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	Among the species of Oncorhynchus, the salmon are typically late-summer spawners (the exact timing differing among locations and years), although southern chinook populations breed in psring, and some coho populations breed in late winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	Pacific salmon spawn in fall (though this may be as early as July or as late as February, depending on species and region) whereas the Pacific trout species (formely in the genus Salmo) spawn in spring.	['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Quinn and Myers, 2004
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	In British Columbia, chinook salmon spawnin in over 260 streams from early August through October	['August', 'October']	Murray and Beacham, 1987
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	August-October	['August', 'October']	Berman and Quinn, 1991
Salmo salar	October to November [Sometimes in September or until January]	['January', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Groot, 1996
Salmo salar	From September to November in Sweden and End of November to January in France	['January', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salmo salar	December	['December']	Dumas and Darolles, 1999
Salmo salar	Begin from 10 and 12 December	['December']	Baglinière at al., 1990
Salmo salar	Fall	['October', 'November', 'December']	Billard, 1997
Salmo salar	November to January	['January', 'November']	Porcher and Baglinière, 2001
Salmo salar	September to November, but also December, January	['January', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Salmo salar	Mainly October-November	['October', 'November']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salmo salar	Late October through November	['October', 'November']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salmo salar	Salmo and most char are fall breeders	['October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Salmo salar	In Newfoundland, sea-run Atlantic salmon normally spawn between mid-October and mid-November and may occur two weeks earlier in Labrador [For freshwater resident, In newfoundland, spawning typically occurs late September and early November, whereas in Labrador spawning normally occurs between mid-September and October.	['September', 'October', 'November']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Salmo salar	November to February, earlier in higher latitudes	['January', 'February', 'November']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Salmo salar	Spawn in autumn and winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Okland et al, 2001
Salmo salar	A period of 5-14 days in late October-late December; peak spawning usually occurs in November at about 44°F	['October', 'November', 'December']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Salmo trutta fario	October-January	['January', 'October']	Billard, 1997
Salmo trutta fario	October-November until January-February	['January', 'February', 'October', 'November']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salmo trutta fario	Late autumn to early winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Groot, 1996
Salmo trutta fario	November to end of february	['November']	Ombredane et al, 2001
Salmo trutta fario	October to January, and up to March	['January', 'March', 'October', 'November']	Fishbase, 2006
Salmo trutta fario	Start about October 15 and continue through early November, may extend into January	['January', 'October', 'November']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salmo trutta fario	Spawn in autumn of the year	['October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salmo trutta fario	From mid-November to end of January	['January', 'November']	Terver, 1984
Salmo trutta fario	Salmo and most char are fall breeders	['October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Salmo trutta fario	Brown trout were observed spawning at the study sites from mid October to early January	['January', 'October']	Acornley, 1999
Salmo trutta fario	Winter spawner [Other authors described between September and January]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Humpesch, 1985
Salmo trutta fario	December	['December']	Plasseraud et al, 1990
Salmo trutta fario	Spawned in late October to early November	['October', 'November']	Crisp, 1994
Salmo trutta fario	Peak spawning in mid-October	['October']	Jonsson and Jonsson, 2006
Salmo trutta fario	The spawning season was from 3 November 1992 to 9 January 1993	['January', 'November']	Rubin et al,2004
Salmo trutta fario	September-January; usually October-November	['January', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Salmo trutta fario	Reproduction of the farmed fish annually occurred in November, which was the usual period under conditions corresponding to this latitude	['November']	Randak et al, 2006
Salvelinus alpinus	Autum or during winter	['January', 'February', 'March']	Guillard et al, 1992
Salvelinus alpinus	January	['January']	Berg et al.. 2004 General and Comparative Endocrinology 135 (276-285)
Salvelinus alpinus	October and the first half of December	['October', 'December']	Jamet, 1995
Salvelinus alpinus	In autumn in either lakes or rivers. Non-migratory fish may spawn in lakes in autum and spring, but only in autum in rivers, September-October [Nothern regions], November-december [Southern regions]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Groot, 1996
Salvelinus alpinus	Ripening females were first observed on 24 September and by 15 October all the sampled females had ovulated	['September', 'October']	Frantzen et al, 1997
Salvelinus alpinus	End of November to January	['January', 'November']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salvelinus alpinus	November to January	['January', 'November']	Billard, 1997
Salvelinus alpinus	November to January	['January', 'November']	Gerdeaux, 2001
Salvelinus alpinus	October, November but also in September until January, even March	['January', 'March', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Fishbase, 2006
Salvelinus alpinus	From 20 September to mid-October, maximum spawning were observed at the end of September	['September', 'October']	Pavlov et al, 1994
Salvelinus alpinus	Usually in September or October, and as late as November or December	['September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salvelinus alpinus	The anadromous form spawns in atumun in either lakes or rivers, non migratory pawn in lakes in the autum or spring but river spawners only spawn in the autumn	['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salvelinus alpinus	Mid November to mid-January	['January', 'November']	Terver, 1984
Salvelinus alpinus	Lake Saimaa Arctic charr spawn during October-November, at the time when lakes begin ti freeze	['October', 'November']	Huuskonen et al, 2003
Salvelinus alpinus	Spawning normally occurs between mid-October and mid-November in Newfoundland, but occurs two weeks earlier in Labrador [Landlocked Arctic charr may spawn in streams or lakes from early Ocotber to mid-November]	['October', 'November']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Salvelinus alpinus	Salmo and most char are fall breeders, although a few populations of Arctic char breed in spring	['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Salvelinus alpinus	Spawning was believed to have occurred during late September and in the first week of October	['September', 'October']	Beddow et al, 1998
Salvelinus alpinus	Winter spawner [Other authors described between September and April]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Humpesch, 1985
Salvelinus alpinus	The first spawning of normal females were cuaght on November 9, whereas dwarf females did not begin spawning until 2 weeks later.	['November']	Jonsson and Hindar, 1982
Salvelinus alpinus	Ovulation were first recorded at the end of November. In mid-January, 100% of the females had spawned	['January', 'November']	Gillet, 1991
Salvelinus alpinus	Spawn in the first two week or two October	['October']	Walker, 2007
Salvelinus alpinus	In the wild, Arctic charr usually spawn in the autumn at water temperatures of about 4°C	['October', 'November', 'December']	Jobling et al,1998
Salvelinus fontinalis	October-November	['October', 'November']	Billard, 1997
Salvelinus fontinalis	Begin on September, 28, reached its peal during October and early November	['September', 'October', 'November']	Hokanson et al, 1973
Salvelinus fontinalis	October to January	['January', 'October', 'November']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salvelinus fontinalis	Normally spawns in late August or in September in the nothermost part of its range (60°N), and during November in the southermost areas	['August', 'September', 'November']	Henderson, 1963
Salvelinus fontinalis	Autumn	['October', 'November', 'December']	Rivier, 2001
Salvelinus fontinalis	September to November, sometimes August to December	['August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Salvelinus fontinalis	Usually during late September, October or November, but may take place as early as August or as late as December	['August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salvelinus fontinalis	From October 20 to November 26	['October', 'November']	Snucins et al, 1992
Salvelinus fontinalis	October	['October']	Curry et al, 1991
Salvelinus fontinalis	October-November	['October', 'November']	Fraser, 1985
Salvelinus fontinalis	Over most of the range, October is the usual time of spawing [Occurs in late summer (late August or September) in the nothern part of their rnage to early december in the southern part]	['July', 'August', 'September', 'October']	Groot, 1996
Salvelinus fontinalis	Normally occurs between late September and early November in Newfoundland	['September', 'November']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Salvelinus fontinalis	Spawning in Nort America takes place from August to December	['August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Coad, 2006
Salvelinus fontinalis	Spawn in the fall (when day length decreases) mainly in October and early December, or Late August to early September	['August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salvelinus fontinalis	Mid-November to December	['November', 'December']	Terver, 1984
Salvelinus fontinalis	Salmo and most char are fall breeders, although a few populations of Arctic char breed in spring	['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Salvelinus fontinalis	Brook trout were observed on or near the spanwing grounds over a 64-d period in 1994 (30 September to 2 December) and a 61-d period in 1995 (25 September to 24 November)	['September', 'November', 'December']	Blanchfield and Ridgway, 1997
Salvelinus fontinalis	Winter spawner [Other authors described between October and March]	['January', 'February', 'March', 'October', 'November']	Humpesch, 1985
Salvelinus fontinalis	Normally spawn during October, November and december in new Hampshire	['October', 'November']	Hoover and Hubbard, 1937
Salvelinus fontinalis	The spawning season on cold lakes (Grand lac Jacques Cartier and des Neiges), starts as early as August 20, while in othr lakes it typically limited to the moth of September, with the greatest activity taking place during the first two weeks. The latest date for spawning in the Laurentide Park is about October 20	['August', 'September', 'October']	Vladykov, 1956
Salvelinus fontinalis	Spawn in late August or in September in the northernmost pats of their range (60°N), and during November in the southernmost areas (35°N)	['August', 'September', 'November']	Hokanson et al, 1973
Salvelinus fontinalis	August-March but usually October-December	['January', 'February', 'March', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Salvelinus namaycush	October-November	['October', 'November']	Billard, 1997
Salvelinus namaycush	September to November or during winter	['January', 'February', 'March', 'September', 'October', 'November']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salvelinus namaycush	November-December, but also August-September and until January	['January', 'August', 'September', 'November', 'December']	Fishbase, 2006
Salvelinus namaycush	Mainly occurs in October, sometimes as early as September in the north or as late as November in south	['September', 'October', 'November']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salvelinus namaycush	October-November	['October', 'November']	Beauchamp et al, 1992
Salvelinus namaycush	Primarily fall spaweners although reprodcution is know to occur as early as June in Lake Superioir and as late as January in Lake Tahoe, Nevada	['January', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salvelinus namaycush	On most areas of Canada, spawning occurs in late summer-early fall, mainly in September or October in Labrador. Several investigators have suggested that declining water temperatures and photoperiod coupled with stron on-shore winds are necessary factors triggering spawning	['July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Bradbury et al, 1999
Salvelinus namaycush	Salmo and most char are fall breeders, although a few populations of Arctic char breed in spring	['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Salvelinus namaycush	Most spawning occurs in October and November when temperature is falling from 58 to 37°F; however some races may begin spawning in June	['June', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Goodyear et al, 1982
Stenodus leucichthys	October-November	['October', 'November']	Belyaeva, 2005
Stenodus leucichthys	Late summer or earty autumn	['July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Stenodus leucichthys	September to October	['September', 'October']	Fishbase, 2006
Stenodus leucichthys	Mass spawning of nelma begins in middle to late September	['September']	Chereshnev et al, 2000
Stenodus leucichthys	Spawning takes place in October and November	['October', 'November']	Coad, 2006
Stenodus leucichthys	October-November	['October', 'November']	Maitland, 1977
Stenodus leucichthys	In summer and early fall	['July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']	Willson, 1997
Thymallus thymallus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Thymallus thymallus	Mach-April until May-June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Thymallus thymallus	Can occur between 23 to 26 March and from 1 to 3 April	['March', 'April']	Poncin, 1996
Thymallus thymallus	March but also up to May in certain areas	['March', 'May']	Persat, 2001
Thymallus thymallus	Mainly March-April, sometimes until May-June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Thymallus thymallus	From 23 March to 11 April	['March', 'April']	Ovidio et al, 2004
Thymallus thymallus	The estimated spawning season lasted from 7 May to 1 June	['May', 'June']	Nykänen et al, 2004
Thymallus thymallus	April	['April']	Witkowski and Kowalewski, 1988
Thymallus thymallus	March or April to June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Northcote, 1995
Thymallus thymallus	March-May	['March', 'May']	Environment agency, ???
Thymallus thymallus	Spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Haugen and Vollestad, 2000
Thymallus thymallus	Late March-April to June	['March', 'April', 'June']	Northcote, 1993
Thymallus thymallus	March-May	['March', 'May']	Maitland, 1977
Thymallus thymallus	Spawn chiefly in spring and summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Willson, 1997
Thymallus thymallus	Spring spawner [Other authors described between March and May]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Humpesch, 1985
Thymallus thymallus	The lake grayling spawns during spring, soon after melting of ice	['April', 'May', 'June']	Zaytsev, 1987
Thymallus thymallus	Spring spawner	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kristiansen and Doving, 1996
Thymallus thymallus	Spring spawner	['April', 'May', 'June']	Billard, 1981-1982
Thymallus thymallus	The grayling spawn in spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Gregersen et al, 2008
Thymallus thymallus	L'Ombre fraye en France en Mars et Avril	None	Vivier, 1958
Thymallus thymallus	A lieu en mars et avril	None	Carmie et al, 1985
Thymallus arcticus	May-June	['May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Thymallus arcticus	April to June	['April', 'May', 'June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Thymallus arcticus	Spring spawners: May, but vary from April to as late as July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Northcote, 1995
Thymallus arcticus	Spring spawners: mid-to late May and mid July [Some as early as April and others as late as July]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Northcote, 1993
Thymallus arcticus	Spawning activity was observed on the east side outlet between May 19 and June 10, 1975 and peaked from May 23 to May 25. In 1976, spawning began on the east and west sides of the outlet on May 15 and May 18 respectively. Adult grayling were seen on the east spawing grounds until June 2 and on the west spawning grounds until June 8, 1976. The peak of spawning occurred from May 25 to May 29 on the east side.	['May', 'June']	Kratt and Smith, 1977
Thymallus arcticus	May and June	['May', 'June']	Kaya, 1989
Thymallus arcticus	The spawning of the grayling in Gret Slave Lake and surrounding areas takes place during spring - from April to May. This spawning period corresponds to the breakup of the ice on the rivers	['April', 'May', 'June']	Bishop, 1971
Thymallus arcticus	Spawning activity was observed in the Fond du Lac River from 15 May to 18 June, with peak activity 25-29 May	['May', 'June']	Kratt and Smith, 1978
Thymallus arcticus	Between 19 May and 10 June 1975, and between 15 May and 8 June 1976	['May', 'June']	Kratt and Smith, 1980
Cottus gobio	March-April	['March', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Cottus gobio	March-April	['March', 'April']	Spillmann, 1961
Cottus gobio	March-April and May in Nothern Region	['March', 'April', 'May']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Cottus gobio	March-April [But from Februrary to May-June]	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Persat, 2001
Cottus gobio	March-April, but also Ferbuary up to June	['March', 'April', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Cottus gobio	Late February to Late April	['February', 'April']	Marconato and Bisazza, 1988
Cottus gobio	March-May	['March', 'May']	Environment agency, ???
Cottus gobio	31 March-15 May with a peak in 20 April	['March', 'April', 'May']	Bagenal, 1971
Cottus gobio	March-April	['March', 'April']	Terver, 1984
Cottus gobio	Females spawned in April or early in all sites	['April']	Abdoli et al, 2005
Cottus gobio	Spawn from February to June	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Tomlinson and Perrow, 2003
Ameiurus nebulosus	July- August	['July', 'August']	Rosenblum et al, 1987
Ameiurus nebulosus	May-June [April until August]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Internet, 2005
Ameiurus nebulosus	June to mid-July	['June', 'July']	Burke and Leatherland, 1984
Ameiurus nebulosus	Probably May-June	['May', 'June']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Ameiurus nebulosus	May and June	['May', 'June']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Ameiurus nebulosus	Late spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Rue, 2001
Ameiurus nebulosus	April-August, usually June -July	['April', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Ameiurus nebulosus	Begins in April or May	['April', 'May']	Internet, 2001
Ictalurus punctatus	April-June [Sometimes late July-early August]	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Internet, 2005
Ictalurus punctatus	June and July but most spawning activity apperaed to have ended by June	['June', 'July']	Mackenzie et al, 1989
Ictalurus punctatus	Spawn in late spring or summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Scott and Crossman, 1973
Ictalurus punctatus	From Mid-April or Mid-May until July	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']	Wellborn and Tucker, 1985
Ictalurus punctatus	Late May to Mid-June	['May', 'June']	Kerr and Grant, 1999
Ictalurus punctatus	From May through July	['May', 'July']	Rue, 2001
Ictalurus punctatus	Mid-April to August	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']	Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Ictalurus punctatus	Late spring and early summer	['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']	Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Ictalurus punctatus	Mean peak spawning 13 June [Range: 8-30 June] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota	['June']	June, 1977
Ictalurus punctatus	Fish were allowed to spawn naturally and eggs were collected on June 19	['June']	Rach et al, 2004
Silurus glanis	May-July	['May', 'July']	The Halyn Publishing Group limited, 1976
Silurus glanis	Spawning lasted from the beginning of May to the end of the third week in June	['May', 'June']	Horvath, 1977
Silurus glanis	Second half of May	['May']	Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
Silurus glanis	In Dagestan (USSR) catfish spawn at the end of May, but in Polish conditions in mid-june	['May']	Wisniewolski, 1988
Silurus glanis	May-June	['May', 'June']	Hovarth et al, 1992
Silurus glanis	May-June	['May', 'June']	Billard, 1997
Silurus glanis	May-June	['May', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Silurus glanis	June, thermophilic species	['June']	Ulikowski, 2004
Silurus glanis	June to August	['June', 'July', 'August']	Alp et al, 2004
Silurus glanis	May-June	['May', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
Osmerus eperlanus	Spawning begins on April 30 in the upper reaches of the Il'd' river in 1970, on May around Shumorovskiy Island and on May 9-11 in the estuary	['April', 'May']	Ivanova and Polovka, 1972
Osmerus eperlanus	Smelt were first detected in the vicinity of the spawning grounds on 10 March, in both 1980 and 1981.	['March']	Hutchinson and Mills, 1987
Osmerus eperlanus	Depending on location, peak spawning occurs in late March through late May	['March', 'May']	Buckley, 1989
Osmerus eperlanus	The dates of first spawning ranged between 22 February and 15 March, a span of 22 days [Aslo described as commencing on 9-10 March]	['February', 'March']	Lyle and Maitland, 1997
Osmerus eperlanus	March-April	['March', 'April']	Billard, 1997
Osmerus eperlanus	February-May	['February', 'May']	Rochard, 2001
Osmerus eperlanus	Spawning in the river Shannon takes place between the end of February and early April	['February', 'April']	Quigley et al, 2004
Osmerus eperlanus	Considering these determinations, one can estimate that for 1993, smelt spawned between 22 March and 7 April with a peak spawning effort on 29 March.	['March', 'April']	Sepulveda, 1994
Osmerus eperlanus	March-April, but also in February and May	['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']	Fishbase, 2006
Osmerus eperlanus	Such temperature was regitered at the end of March or at the beginning of April in 1997-1998 [… According to some lliterature sources, the peak of abundance of spawning smelt occurred on April 17, I.e. much later	['March', 'April']	Ziliukine et al, 2002
Osmerus eperlanus	Spawn during early spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Kowalski et al, 2006

Spawning conditions - Spawning season

(January-March, April-May, June-July, August-September, October-December)