Gambusia affinis

Scientific name

Common name

Family

External links

Trait completeness	68%
Total data	70
References	17

Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved

Traits detail

Egg (100.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary data	Secondary Data	References
1	Oocyte diameter	1.8-2.1 but also 2.4-2.8 [Not specified]	1.95 mm	Internet, 2005
1	Oocyte diameter	1.6-2.1	1.85 mm	Fishbase, 2006
1	Oocyte diameter	1.5 [Average diameter of the largest oocyte in fully developed ovaries]	1.5 mm	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
1	Oocyte diameter	Mature oocytes were seen in follicles greater than 1.6 mm in diameter, and the number increased as the diameter became larger	1.6 mm	Koya et al, 2000
2	Egg size after water-hardening	Fertilised eggs began to appear in 1.8-1.9 mm follicles (2.4%) adn Increased to 16.0% in 1.90-2.0 mm follicles [The fertilized eggs were sligtly larger in diameter than mature oocytes]	1.85 mm	Koya et al, 2000
3	Egg Buoyancy	Demersal [but embedded in the ovary]	Demersal	Internet, 2005
4	Egg adhesiveness	Chorion filaments are adhesive	Adhesive	Internet, 2005
5	Incubation time	The gestation period is 21-28 days	24.5 days	Internet, 2005
5	Incubation time	A normal gestation period for moquitofish is 3-4 weeks	3.5 days	Meefe, 1987
5	Incubation time	The ovarian events between two successive parturitions were summarized as follows: active vitellogenesis (days 0-3), maturation and fertilization (days 3-5), progress of embryonic developmentand beginning of vitellogenesis for the following gestation (day 10), and pre-parturition and progress of vitellogenesis (day 20).	1.5 days	Koya et al, 2000
6	Temperature for incubation	25°C	25.0 °C	Koya et al, 2000
7	Degree-days for incubation	100-120 [Seems to 5-6 days at 25°C]	110.0 °C * day	Koya et al, 2000

Larvae (14.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
8	Initial larval size	7-10	8.5 mm	Internet, 2005
8	Initial larval size	5-10	7.5 mm	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
8	Initial larval size	8.5	8.5 mm	Olden et al, 2006

Female (75.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
15	Age at sexual maturity	0.4	0.4 year	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
15	Age at sexual maturity	0.4 [4 months, age at maturation]	0.4 year	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
15	Age at sexual maturity	0.1 [Both sex]	0.1 year	Olden et al, 2006
16	Length at sexual maturity	2.6 [Female specified]	2.6 cm	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
16	Length at sexual maturity	2.4 [Both sex]	2.4 cm	Olden et al, 2006
16	Length at sexual maturity	Nine females comprised three large individuals (4.5-5 cm) in length born the predecing year, three middle-sized individuals (2.5-3 in length) born early in the year	4.75 cm	Medlen, 1951
16	Length at sexual maturity	Adult females > 2.3 cm	2.3 cm	Hughes, 1985
18	Female sexual dimorphism	A small pigmented spot dorsal to the anus occurs in female poecilliid fishes before they are matured. As they become mature and gravid, the spot becomes larger reaching its maximum size shortly before the birth of the brrod. This prigmented spot is referred to as the "gravid spot". After the brrod is born, the gravid spot recedes, but there is never a complete loss of the pigmented mass.	Absent	Medlen, 1951
20	Absolute fecundity	0.250 [Average number of vitellogenic oocyes of mature females in a single spawning season]	0.25 thousand eggs	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
21	Oocyte development	Viviparous	No category	Billard, 1997
21	Oocyte development	Viviparous	No category	Koya and Iwase, 2004
22	Onset of oogenesis	April	['April']	Koya et al, 1998
23	Intensifying oogenesis activity	May-June	['May', 'June']	Koya et al, 1998
24	Maximum GSI value	23-24.1 [From late June to early October]	23.55 percent	Koya et al, 1998
24	Maximum GSI value	20-22% , every 22 days during the reproductive season	21.0 percent	Koya et al, 2000
26	Resting period	1.0-1.1 [From January to April]	1.05 months	Koya et al, 1998

Male (78.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
27	Age at sexual maturity	0.4 [Both sex]	0.4 years	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
27	Age at sexual maturity	0.1 [Both sex]	0.1 years	Olden et al, 2006
27	Age at sexual maturity	Age at sexual maturity averaged 43.3 and 62.1 days for individually and group-reared males, respectively	43.3 years	Campton and Gall, 1988
28	Length at sexual maturity	1.3-2 [Male specified]	1.65 cm	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
28	Length at sexual maturity	2.4 [Both sex]	2.4 cm	Olden et al, 2006
30	Male sexual dimorphism	Internal fertilization is possible because the anal fin is modified into a copulatory organ	Absent	Fishbase, 2006
30	Male sexual dimorphism	Nine females and two mature males, as determined by the number of segments in the third ray of the gonopodium	Absent	Medlen, 1951
30	Male sexual dimorphism	The anal fin of the adult male is modified into a long and slender intromittent organ, the gonopodium, which the male can extend at various angles and directions from the body	Absent	Martin, 1975
31	Onset of spermatogenesis	Early May	['May']	Koya and Iwase, 2004
32	Main spermatogenesis activity	Mid-May to early June [Increase from 0.9-3.2%]	['May', 'June']	Koya and Iwase, 2004
33	Maximum GSI value	3.8 [June to July]	3.8 percent	Koya and Iwase, 2004
35	Resting period	Resting period is October to April [The GSI values (0.9-2.1%) from January to May]	1.5 months	Koya and Iwase, 2004

Spawning conditions (67.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
39	Spawning season	April-September	['April', 'September']	Internet, 2005
39	Spawning season	Beginning of June until end of September	['June', 'September']	Crivelli and Quatre, 2001
39	Spawning season	In both years, no females with embryos were found before April. High percentages of adult females had embryos in June and july and (in 1983) in early august. By late september 1982 no females with embryos were found; and in 1983 only a very few gravid females were found in late September	['April', 'June', 'September']	Hughes, 1985
40	Spawning period duration	24-26 [6.00 months, length of breeding season]	25.0 weeks	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
40	Spawning period duration	Total sexual acts peaked on 8 June; howeevr increased numbers of males caused the mean sexual acts per male to be less than on 14 April, the date of maxima sexual activity. In mid and late summer, density, individual sexual acts, and mean male sexual acts all decreased: 28 July was the only date on which females outnumbered males [Other sutdies: the reproductive period in females mosquitofish varied from 8 to 15 weeks in Illinois during July through October, while others reported that "waves" of yound apperared from June to October in their Long Island study area.]	8.0 weeks	Martin, 1975
41	Spawning temperature	15.5 up to 30	15.5 °C	Internet, 2005
41	Spawning temperature	17-21	19.0 °C	Koya et al, 1998
41	Spawning temperature	25-30 for the release of neonates	27.5 °C	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
41	Spawning temperature	16 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated]	16.0 °C	Olden et al, 2006
41	Spawning temperature	Mosquitofish need more than 18°C temperature and 12.5 h daylength for their reproduction, and that brood interval is kept almost constant if the water temperature and photoperiod are constant.	18.0 °C	Koya et al, 2000
41	Spawning temperature	Critical temperature sould be near 15.56°C	15.56 °C	Medlen, 1951
41	Spawning temperature	25-30°C was an optimal range for reproduction in California mosquitofish	27.5 °C	Cech et al, 1992
42	Spawning water type	Variable: sluggish water, land-locked ponds, reservoirs, creeks, streams, and sloughs [Mostly in freshwater but oligohaline water]	Stagnant water	Internet, 2005
44	Spawning substrate	Bearer [Viviparous]	No category	Balon, 1975
45	Spawning site preparation	No special placement of zygotes	No category	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
47	Mating system	Male fish use a gonodopodium [modified from anal fin rays] to contact's female urogenital tract and transfer sperm.	No category	Internet, 2005
47	Mating system	Male very aggresive, wants to deposit their sperm in the biggest number of females into a special pocket [Sperm can remain viable for three months]	No category	Crivelli and Quatre, 2001
48	Spawning release	Females can have up to six groups of frys during a season	No category	Crivelli and Quatre, 2001
48	Spawning release	Viviparous	No category	Koya et al, 1998
48	Spawning release	Release 10-100 neonates by batch, each 3-4 weeks, i.e. 3 or 5 times per year	Multiple	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
48	Spawning release	The female carries about 30 alevins and gestation last for a period of 24 days to a month	No category	Fishbase, 2006
48	Spawning release	More than four spawning per year	No category	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
49	Parity	Weak longevity: 6 to 18 months. This species is usually annual with fex individuals able to life and reproduce at 2 years of age	No category	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
49	Parity	No obvious seasonal peak	No category	Fishbase, 2006
50	Parental care	Female is viviparous, internal fecondation: ovovipariy lecitotrophe	No category	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
50	Parental care	Bearers, internal live bearers: the species is viviparous	No category	Fishbase, 2006
50	Parental care	No parental protection of zygotes, embryo and larvae	No care	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002