| Anguilla anguilla |
17.0 |
17.0 |
Coad, 2005 |
| Anguilla anguilla |
About 20 |
20.0 |
Deelder, 1970 |
| Anguilla anguilla |
16-17 |
16.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Anguilla anguilla |
Water temperature ranged from 20 to 24°C |
20.0 |
Amin, 1998 |
| Anguilla anguilla |
Releasing hormone treated mature female adults tagged with radio transmitters in the Sargasso Sea demonstrated a preference for the upper zone of the ocean at depths of 18.7-18.8°C |
18.75 |
Vincent et al, 2005 |
| Alosa alosa |
Over 14 |
14.0 |
Acolas et al, 2004 |
| Alosa alosa |
22-24 [Optimum, but could start when the temperature reaches 14°C] |
23.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Alosa alosa |
Always above 12°C, but mainly at 15-18 |
16.5 |
Cassou-Leins et al, 2000 |
| Alosa alosa |
15-24 |
19.5 |
Maitland and Lyle, 2005 |
| Alosa alosa |
Above 15 |
15.0 |
Aprahamian et al, 2001 |
| Alosa alosa |
Mostly around 15°C |
15.0 |
Maitland and Hatton-Ellis, 2000 |
| Alosa alosa |
Between 12 and 25°C during the whole spawning season [But spawning starts above 16°C] |
12.0 |
Boisneau et al, 1990 |
| Alosa alosa |
Above 15, stops if below |
15.0 |
Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002 |
| Alosa alosa |
Over the study period, the temperatures observed during spawning period varied over the range 13.3-23°C. The minimum temperature below which reproduction activity seemed to be inhibited was between 13.9 and 14°C. |
18.15 |
Acolas et al, 2006 |
| Alosa fallax |
15-20 |
17.5 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Alosa fallax |
18-22 |
20.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Alosa fallax |
16-18 |
17.0 |
Cassou-Leins et al, 2000 |
| Alosa fallax |
>15 |
15.0 |
Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002 |
| Alosa fallax |
Water ranged from 21.7°C to 24.5°C |
21.7 |
Lopez et al, 2007 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
8-26 [Max 15-20] |
17.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
Above 12 and will continue until temperaure do not drop below this point |
12.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
Diffrente temperatures according to authors: 8-26; 12-17; 14-21; 17-24; 18.5, prefer 16.7-20.0 |
17.0 |
Mills, 2004 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
Generally 12-21 [Range from 8-26°C] |
16.5 |
Fishbase, 2006 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
12-21 |
16.5 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
Beginning when water temperatures reach 13 to 15°C, and ending when they exceed 27°C |
13.0 |
Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
13-20 |
16.5 |
Bradbury et al, 1999 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
Mean water temperature was 11°C in May 1967 and 15°C in May 1968 |
11.0 |
Marcy, 1972 |
| Aphanius iberus |
25 |
25.0 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Aphanius iberus |
22-24 [In aquaria] |
23.0 |
Oltra and Todoli, 2000 |
| Valencia hispanica |
20-25 |
22.5 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Valencia hispanica |
20-24 |
22.0 |
Keith, 2001 |
| Barbatula barbatula |
6°C in the morning, 9-10°C |
9.5 |
Skryabin, 1993 |
| Barbatula barbatula |
Spawning begins as the shore waters warm to about 8°C |
8.0 |
Sauvonsaari, 1971 |
| Cobitis taenia |
16-18 |
17.0 |
Vaino and Saat, 2003 |
| Cobitis taenia |
18-28 |
23.0 |
Bohlen, 1999 |
| Blicca bjoerkna |
16-17 |
16.5 |
Rinchard, 1996 |
| Blicca bjoerkna |
16-25 |
20.5 |
Kestemont, 2001 |
| Blicca bjoerkna |
16-25 |
20.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Blicca bjoerkna |
16-25 |
20.5 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Blicca bjoerkna |
16-18°C |
17.0 |
Vetemaa et al, 2008 |
| Abramis brama |
8-25 |
16.5 |
Sidorova, 2005 |
| Abramis brama |
13-14 |
13.5 |
Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
| Abramis brama |
14-17.2 |
15.6 |
Diamond, 1985 |
| Abramis brama |
Above 12°C |
12.0 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Abramis brama |
13-20 |
16.5 |
Olivier, 2001 |
| Abramis brama |
Most common is 16-18 [12-13 is the lowest temperature, highest being 27°C] |
17.0 |
Backiel and Zawiska, 1968 |
| Abramis brama |
16-18, temperature observed for the peak of spawning |
17.0 |
Shestopalova, 1978 |
| Abramis brama |
12-20 |
16.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Abramis brama |
About 15 |
15.0 |
Kennedy, 1969 |
| Abramis brama |
12-20 |
16.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Abramis brama |
When temperatures are between 15°C and 18°C |
15.0 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Abramis brama |
Our five years observations showed that the temperature during the spawning time (May and June) of bream fluctuated on spawning grounds between 13.5 and 26.5°C. On the other hand, when temperatures decreased below 20°C bream discontinuted spawning and left the spawning grounds. [...] Bream spawn at different temperatures depending on location: in the Volga River, spawning occurs between 10.0 and 13.5°C, in the Don River between 23 and 24°C, in Finland between 18 and 19°C, and in Masurian Lakes, Poland, bream spawn at about 17°C. In Kortowskie Lake, where spawners were caught, bream spawn at 20-21°C |
20.5 |
Kucharczyk et al, 1997 |
| Abramis brama |
Range of temperature is from 9 to 20.6°C, while during phase II and later from 13 to 27°C |
9.0 |
Brylinska and Boron, 2004 |
| Abramis brama |
Above 13°C |
13.0 |
Vetemaa et al, 2008 |
| Abramis brama |
For bream, the typical range is 12-20°C, while extremes may reach 8 and 24°C […] The median water temperature measured in large lakes at the beginning of spawning in bream in rivers respective of lakes (correspondinglyn 12.9 and 13.3°C) was not significantly different [...] Spawning starts at water temperature of 13-14°C and reaches its peak at 16-19°C |
16.0 |
Noges and Järvet, 2005 |
| Abramis brama |
Our five years observations showed that the temperature during the spawning time (May and June) of bream fluctuated on spawning grounds between 13.5 and 26.5°C |
13.5 |
Kucharczyk et al, 2005 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
16-25 |
20.5 |
Yildirim et al, 1999 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
Above 12°C |
12.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
13-15.6 |
14.3 |
Coad, 2005 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
Above 12°C until 18°C |
12.0 |
Persat, 2001 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
19-24 |
21.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
Water temperatures of 15-17°C |
16.0 |
Polacik and Kovac, 2006 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
From 15 |
15.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
15 |
15.0 |
Rinchard, 1996 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
15 |
15.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
15-28 |
21.5 |
Carrell and Olivier, 2001 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
17-28 |
22.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
About 15-16°C or more |
15.5 |
Coad, 2006 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
22-25°C |
23.5 |
Winnicki and Korzelecka, 1997 |
| Alburnus alburnus |
14-28 |
21.0 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
21-25 |
23.0 |
Horvath et al, 1992 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
18-20 |
19.0 |
Abdusamadov, 1986 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
22 |
22.0 |
Verigin et al, 1979 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
Optimum teperature for spawning is 22-26°C, and water temperature must exceed 19°C to induce spawning activity |
24.0 |
Schrank et al, 2001 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
From 26-30, also 18.3-23.5 |
28.0 |
Kolar et al, 2005 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
18-30 |
24.0 |
Kolar et al, 2005 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
19.2-29.0 |
24.1 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
Must be higher than 18°C, about 26-30°C |
28.0 |
Jennigs, 1988 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
Optimum temperature for spawning is 22-26°C, and must be greater than 18°C |
24.0 |
Schrank, 1999 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
The water temperature stabilized for a relatively large period of time in the interval of 18°C to at least 22°C |
18.0 |
Ciolac, 2004 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
The optimum temperature for spawning is 22-28°C |
25.0 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
D'autre part pendant la journée l'eau stagnante du bassin, avait une température bien trop élevée (maximum 31°C, minimum 28°C) pour influencer favorablement la fraie |
31.0 |
Lloze, 1967 |
| Aspius aspius |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Shikhshabekov, 1979 |
| Aspius aspius |
Start with 4-6°C |
5.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Aspius aspius |
17-28 |
22.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Aspius aspius |
The average water temperature in the river during asp spawning reached 7-8°C |
7.5 |
Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
| Aspius aspius |
5-12 |
8.5 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Barbus barbus |
Start at 13.5, but main activity at 15-20 |
17.5 |
Baras, 1995 |
| Barbus barbus |
14-18 |
16.0 |
Philippart et al, 1989 |
| Barbus barbus |
Starts at 13.5 |
13.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Barbus barbus |
14-18 |
16.0 |
Philippart, 1987 |
| Barbus barbus |
13.5 |
13.5 |
Hancock et al, 1976 |
| Barbus barbus |
16-20 |
18.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Barbus barbus |
14-20 |
17.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Barbus barbus |
Starts at > 13.5, between 14-19 [In each year, barbel started spawning under increasing temperatures] |
16.5 |
Baras and Philippart, 1999 |
| Barbus barbus |
14-16 |
15.0 |
Poncin et al, 1987 |
| Barbus barbus |
Starts at about 15°C |
15.0 |
Poncin, 1984 |
| Barbus barbus |
15-18 |
16.5 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Carassius auratus |
20-25 [In fish farm] |
22.5 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Carassius auratus |
Around 15°C [Garden ponds] |
15.0 |
Horvath et al, 1992 |
| Carassius auratus |
15-23 [but also 18-29.5] |
19.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Carassius auratus |
16-17 |
16.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Carassius auratus |
20-25 |
22.5 |
Persat, 2001 |
| Carassius auratus |
Above 16 |
16.0 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Carassius auratus |
15 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
15.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Carassius auratus |
>17 |
17.0 |
Gillet and Quétin, 2006 |
| Carassius auratus |
About 20°C |
20.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Carassius auratus |
Beginning at about 55°F; spawning may continue throughout the summer if water temperature remains above 60°F |
55.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Carassius carassius |
17-20 |
18.5 |
Holopainen, 1997 |
| Carassius carassius |
15-20 |
17.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Carassius carassius |
>16 |
16.0 |
Persat, 2001 |
| Carassius carassius |
14-22 |
18.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Carassius carassius |
Above 18 |
18.0 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Carassius carassius |
Spawning is not likely to occur until the water temperature reaches 17-20°C, especially in harsh climatic conditions as those in Finland |
18.5 |
Aho and Holopainen, 2000 |
| Carassius carassius |
Although the spawning season begins at different times, water temperature requirements are identical, at least 20°C |
20.0 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Carassius carassius |
Spawning begins at temperature > 14°C |
14.0 |
Sczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996 |
| Carassius carassius |
The spawning of this species takes place at high temperatures (> 17°C) |
17.0 |
Laurila and Holopainen, 1990 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
Above 11 |
11.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-9 up to 11 |
8.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-12 |
10.0 |
Heckeis et al, 1996 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-11 |
9.5 |
Nelva, 2001 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
7.9-8.7 |
8.3 |
Prokes and Penaz, 1978 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-12 |
10.0 |
Kamler et al, 1998 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-16 |
12.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
2-12 |
7.0 |
Schiemer et al, 2003 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
Mean of 9.5 |
9.5 |
Kamler and Keckeis, 2000 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-12 |
10.0 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
The spawning temperature (7-years of observation) was 9.0 ± 1.7°C |
9.0 |
Keckeis, 2001 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
8-12 |
10.0 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
When water reach 8-12°C |
10.0 |
Ahnelt and Keckeis, 1994 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
6-8 [In Moselle, France], 8 [Dunajec], 12 [Vistula], 15 [Vistula], according to various authors |
7.0 |
Prawochenski, 1964 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
Potential spawning time was designated as the time period where the temperature reached 8°C and do not exceed 12°C |
8.0 |
Winkler et al, 1997 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
13 |
13.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
9-11 |
10.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
11-13 [South-est of France], 15-16 [South-west of France] |
12.0 |
Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
11-13 |
12.0 |
Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
11-13 |
12.0 |
Internet |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
21-25 |
23.0 |
Horvath et al, 1992 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
20-25 |
22.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
20-30 [Optimal temperature] |
25.0 |
Le Houarn, 2001 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
18-20 |
19.0 |
Abdusamadov, 1986 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
Begins above 17°C, 21-26 is assumed to be the optimal temperature for spawning |
23.5 |
Krykhtin and Gorbach, 1982 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
Optimum spawning temperature is generally thought to be between 20 and 22°C, but others reported water temperatures 26-30°C in China |
28.0 |
Cudmore and Mandrak, 2004 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
Between 17-26, with peak spawning at 21-26°C |
21.5 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
19.2-29.0 |
24.1 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
19 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
19.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
When water temperatures is at least 19°C or, more usually, four to five degrees higher [From 19-21 to 26-30] |
20.0 |
Scott and Cross, 1973 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
The water temperature stabilized for a relatively large period of time in the interval of 18°C to at least 22°C |
18.0 |
Ciolac, 2004 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
In the native range, reproduction occurs during the monsoon season, when water levels rise quickly, temperatures range between 20 and 30°C. A minimum temperature of 18°C has been reported for wuccessful spawning in most acclimatized populations |
20.0 |
Shireman and Smith, 1983 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
The optimum temperature for spawning is 22-28°C |
25.0 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
18-22 is the optimum [Peaking at 22-26, but from 15-28°] |
20.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
16-22 |
19.0 |
Horvath et al, 1992 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
20-22 |
21.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
18 |
18.0 |
Bieniarz et al, 1978 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Above 18 |
18.0 |
Lafaille and Crivelli, 2001 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Spawning does not commence in earnest until temperatures reach a level of at least 62.6°F (17°C) and may continue for several weeks. Spawning activities begin to decline when temperatures reach 78.8°F (26°C) and cease altogether at 82.4°F (28°C). In lake St. Lawrence, it was observed that spawning may be interrupted if cooler wheather prevails and the temperature drops below 62.6°F (17°C), but will recommence when the water warms up again |
62.6 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
15-20 |
17.5 |
Fishbase, 2006 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
16-22 |
19.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
16-22 |
19.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Cyprinus carpio |
16-22 |
19.0 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
17 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
17.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
18-20 |
19.0 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
The water temperature of 18°C to 20°C is the optimum for spawning |
18.0 |
Ciolac, 2004 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Begins when water temperature reaches 18°C, although cases are reported of females spawning at lower temperature e.g., 14°C |
18.0 |
Bieniarz et al, 1979 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
A temperature around15-16°C |
15.5 |
Crivelli, 1981 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Minimum temperature 15-16 [Camargue, France]; 15.5-17 [Scutari Lake], 17 [Terek delta], 16-18 [St-Lawrence, Lake, Canada], 16.6-20 [South dakota, U.S.A.] |
15.5 |
Crivelli, 1981 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Although the spawning season begins at different times, water temperature requirements are identical, at least 18°C |
18.0 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Spawning is low from 15-18°C, optimum 18-23°C, and ceases at 28°C |
16.5 |
Smith, 2004 |
| Gobio gobio |
14-17 [But sometimes 12°C] |
15.5 |
Kennedy and Fitzmaurice, 1972 |
| Gobio gobio |
Ovulation requires a temperature of 16-17 [Optimum 20°C] |
16.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Gobio gobio |
14-17 |
15.5 |
Rinchard, 1996 |
| Gobio gobio |
16-17 is the minimum required |
16.5 |
Kestemont, 1987 |
| Gobio gobio |
Above about 15°C |
15.0 |
Rosechhi and Kestemont, 2001 |
| Gobio gobio |
12-17 |
14.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Gobio gobio |
17 and more |
17.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Gobio gobio |
Spawning occurred at daily mean temperature of 13.6 to 16.5°C. Based on all studies, it could be concluded that spawning occurs most frequently in May and June at water temperatures between 15 and 18°C |
13.6 |
Penaz and Prokes, 1978 |
| Gobio gobio |
12-17 |
14.5 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Gobio gobio |
La température de l'eau était comprise entre 22 et 24°C et la photopériode fixée à 16L/8N |
22.0 |
Poncin et al, 1997 |
| Gobio gobio |
La date des premières pontes annuelles est essentiellement dépendante de la température de l'eau (+ 16 à + 17°C); |
16.0 |
Brunet and Hoestlandt, 1972 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
21-25 |
23.0 |
Horvath et al, 1992 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
25 |
25.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
17-25 |
21.0 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
21-26 |
23.5 |
Barbier, 2001 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
18-20 |
19.0 |
Abdusamadov, 1986 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
Begins above 17°C, 21-26 is assumed to be the optimal temperature for spawning |
23.5 |
Krykhtin and Gorbach, 1982 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
18-19 but also 22-26 |
18.5 |
Kolar et al, 2005 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
19.2-29.0 |
24.1 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
The water temperature stabilized for a relatively large period of time in the interval of 18°C to at least 22°C |
18.0 |
Ciolac, 2004 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
The optimum temperature for spawning is 22-28°C |
25.0 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
18 is the miminum temperature required for reproduction |
18.0 |
Coad, 2005 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
15-24 |
19.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
15-20 |
17.5 |
Cassou and Le Louarn, 1991 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
16.0-20.4 |
18.2 |
Gozlan et al, 2003 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
Commnenced spawning at water temperature fo 15°C |
15.0 |
Bonislawska et al, 1999 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Close to 15°C |
15.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Really high temperature from 28-32°C |
30.0 |
Guerriero et al, 2005 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
15-23°C |
19.0 |
Unlu and Balci, 1993 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Above 15°C |
15.0 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Above 15°C |
15.0 |
Changeux and Le Louarn, 2001 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
> 12 |
12.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
18-20 |
19.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Between 13.5-20.6°C |
17.05 |
Sasi, 2003 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
14-16 |
15.0 |
Poncin et al, 1987 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
In 1995, spawning took place in a rapid increase of water temprature from 13 to 21°C. In 1995, the temperature remained constant at 11-14°c during the first spawning |
12.5 |
Fredrich et al, 2003 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
>18 |
18.0 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Usually > 18°C |
18.0 |
Zelepien, 1997 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
Between 15 and 22°C |
15.0 |
Erdogan et al, 2002 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
In various areas: 12-28°C (Müceldi Stream), 15-23°C (Savur Stream), 16-23°C (Aras River); 14-19°C (Oltu Stream) and 16-18°C (Ikizcetepeler Dam Lake) |
20.0 |
Koc et al, 2007 |
| Leuciscus idus |
4-15, but rarely above 12-13°C |
9.5 |
Kestemont, 2001 |
| Leuciscus idus |
4-15 |
9.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Leuciscus idus |
6-10 |
8.0 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Leuciscus idus |
Spawning begins when water temperature increases up to 5.5°C. During spawning mean temperatures of water are 6-10°C, extreme temperatures are 3 and 15°C. |
8.0 |
Witkowski et al, 1997 |
| Leuciscus idus |
When temperature reaches 13°C |
13.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
11-12 |
11.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
From 10°C |
10.0 |
Persat, 2001 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
5-12 |
8.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
About 10 |
10.0 |
Kennedy, 1969 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
9-10 |
9.5 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
> 8 |
8.0 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
About 6 [In Siberia] |
6.0 |
Lobon-cervia et al, 1996 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
6-13 |
9.5 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
>13°C |
13.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Mylopharyngodon piceus |
26-30 |
28.0 |
Crosier et al, 2005 |
| Mylopharyngodon piceus |
19.2-29.0 |
24.1 |
Scholfield, 2005 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
10-12 |
11.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
17-20 |
18.5 |
Papadopol and Weinberger, 1975 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
11-22 |
16.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
7-12 |
9.5 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
Ripe males first appear in the spawning grounds in early May at a water temperature about 10°C, and ripe females at a temperature of 11-12°C |
11.5 |
Soin et al, 1982 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
Temperature of 58°F, i.e. 14.5°C |
58.0 |
Frost, 1943 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
11-22 |
16.5 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
A minimum temperature of 12-14°C is required in natural conditions to observe spawning |
13.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Pimephales promelas |
15.6-28.9 [The critical temperature at which spawning starts seems around 16°C] |
22.25 |
Gale and Buynak, 1982 |
| Pimephales promelas |
Begins spawning when water temperature approach 18°C and continues until it drops below 18°C |
18.0 |
Duffy, 1998 |
| Pimephales promelas |
15-18, 14.4-18.3, 15.6-28.9 |
16.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Pimephales promelas |
[60-85°F], 15.5-29°C |
72.5 |
Goodyear et al. et al, 1982 |
| Pimephales promelas |
Water temperature was 64°F, i.e. 17.8°C |
64.0 |
Markus, 1934 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
16-18 |
17.0 |
Coad, 2005 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
19.5-20°C |
19.75 |
Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
In the Amur basin the spawning starts when the temperature of 15-19°C |
17.0 |
Witkowski, 2006 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
The stock tanks were maintained on a constant photoperiod of 14 h light (from 07:00 to 21:00) and 10 h of dark at 20°C |
14.0 |
Konishi and Takata, 2004 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
Water temperatures ranged from 11.8 to 27°C during experiments, which was similar to the range of water temperature (from 13.6 to 26°C) when minnow spawned in the reservoir |
11.8 |
Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
| Rhodeus sericeus |
15-21 |
18.0 |
Oliver and Carrel, 2001 |
| Rhodeus sericeus |
22 [Rerared conditions] |
22.0 |
Mills and Reynolds, 2002 |
| Rhodeus sericeus |
15-21 for amarus |
18.0 |
Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
Above 15 |
15.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
12-15 |
13.5 |
Rinchard, 1996 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
14-17.2°C in the Lake and 16.2°C and 17.4°C in the canal |
15.6 |
Diamond, 1985 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
The threshold of water temperature is 14°C |
14.0 |
Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
16-20°C |
18.0 |
Dubois and Gillet, 2003 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
7.4-10.5 |
8.95 |
Vollestad et al, 1987 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
Spawning after the water has reached 10°C |
10.0 |
Papageorgiou, 1979 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
7-19 |
13.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
8-14 |
11.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Rutilus rutilus |
From early April (13°C) to late May (18°C) [review from other populations: 10, 8-10, 11-19, 12, 16-17.8, 14, 14, and 6-10] |
9.0 |
Tarkan et al, 2006 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
14-16 |
15.0 |
Libovarsky et al, 1985 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
18-20; also described as 18-20; 16; 12; and 10 |
19.0 |
Gillet and Quétin, 2006 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
13-14 |
13.5 |
Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
The onset of spawning is synchronized by photoperiod, and water temperature is important in regulating the intensity and duration of spawning. Spawning usually takes place in water temperature 8 and 17°C. Also found to spawner at a lower temperature (7.4°C) which coule be an adaptation to the colder climatein Norway. The onset temperature vary from differente sources from 7.8 to 18, mostly 10-14°C |
12.0 |
Lappalainen and Tarkan, 2007 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
The temperature ranged from 12 to 16°C was the longest prevailling one in natural roach spawning grounds in Uchinskoye reservoir near Moscow |
12.0 |
Horoszewicz, 1971 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
The temperature of water during spawning in seperate years amounted to 19.4 and 18.7°C |
19.4 |
Kokurewicz, 1970 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
Roach spawns most typically at temperatures between 8 and 19.4°C with extremes reaching to 5 and 22°C […] Spawned spontaneously in the laboratory when the temperature reached 18-20°C […] Spawning started in lakes when the median water temperature measured at four stations in large lakes reached 8.7°C. During roach spawning in rivers, the lake temperature was almost one degree lower [...] In lake Peipse roach starts to spawn at water temperature of 8-10°C, and mass spawning takes place at 10-13°C |
19.0 |
Noges and Järvet, 2005 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
In the laboratory, the fish were maintained at 11°C in single-sex groups in circular 1500 l tanks to keep their spawning stage stable prior to ehavioural tests […] The water temperature in the stream tank was kept between 18 and 20°C |
11.0 |
Kortet et al, 2004b |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
18-27 |
22.5 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
Not less than 18-20 |
19.0 |
Shikhshabekov, 1979 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
18-27 |
22.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
14-20 |
17.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
About 15 |
15.0 |
Kennedy, 1969 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
14-20 |
17.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
14-20 |
17.0 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
From early May (17.5°C) to late June (23.5°C) [review from other populations: 17.5-23.5, 21.9-24.4, 10, 18-20 and 18-25] |
20.5 |
Tarkan et al, 2006 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
Depending on the place of occurrence, the species begin to spawn when the water temperature reaches 14°C |
14.0 |
Korzelecka and Winnicki, 1998 |
| Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
Water exceeds 18 |
18.0 |
Hicks, ??? |
| Tinca tinca |
22-24 |
23.0 |
Horvath et al, 1992 |
| Tinca tinca |
18-26 |
22.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Tinca tinca |
20-22 (Spawning never occurred below 20°C) |
21.0 |
Breton et al, 1980 |
| Tinca tinca |
21-25 [But 18 in England] |
23.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Tinca tinca |
From 18 |
18.0 |
Feunteun et al, 2001 |
| Tinca tinca |
Generally spawning starts at 19-20 |
19.5 |
Linhart and Billard, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
Optimal temperature is 22-24°C, at lower (19-20) and higher (25-29) temperatures fish begin spawning somewhat lazily and in small groups |
23.0 |
Linhart and Billard, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
16-26 |
21.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Tinca tinca |
20-21 |
20.5 |
Kennedy, 1969 |
| Tinca tinca |
20-24 |
22.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Tinca tinca |
16-22 |
19.0 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Tinca tinca |
Mean temperaturewas 16.1 ±2°C and 19.2 ± 2°C in June and July, respectively |
16.1 |
Alas and Solak, 2004 |
| Tinca tinca |
21-23 |
22.0 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Tinca tinca |
20-22 |
21.0 |
Poncin et al, 1987 |
| Tinca tinca |
>18 |
18.0 |
Gillet and Quétin, 2006 |
| Tinca tinca |
Begin spawning when the water reaches 19-20. In their study, the lowest temperature releasing spawning was 19°C, and the highest temperature at spawning was 29°C, mean temperature in the controls between the three years ranged from 20.6 to 23.9°C |
19.5 |
Morawska, 1984 |
| Tinca tinca |
The temperature of water during spawning in seperate years amounted to 22 and 19 |
22.0 |
Kokurewicz, 1970 |
| Tinca tinca |
Spawning is initiated at the water temperatures >19°C, optimum spawning temepratures ranges from 21 to 23°C |
19.0 |
Kubu and Kouril, 1985 |
| Vimba vimba |
16-17, mostly between 1-20 |
16.5 |
Shikhshabekov, 1979 |
| Vimba vimba |
16-20°C |
18.0 |
Coad, 2005 |
| Vimba vimba |
14-23 |
18.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Vimba vimba |
At temperatures ranging from 14°C to 18°C |
14.0 |
Herzig and Winkler, 1986 |
| Vimba vimba |
Water temperature of 17-18°C for the first spawning |
17.5 |
Wajdowicz, 1974 |
| Vimba vimba |
18-20°C |
19.0 |
Kuliev, 1988 |
| Vimba vimba |
14-18 |
16.0 |
Kamler and Wolnicki, 2006 |
| Vimba vimba |
Conditions during the spawning: 19.1-20°C [Somewhat cloudy, in 1-3 June 1993], 19.3-19.8 [Sunshine, 2-3 June 1994], 19.0-20.2°C [Overcast, 28-30 May 1995], 19.8 [Overcast, 1-2 June 1996], 20.2 [Somewaht cloudy, 3-4 June 1997] |
19.55 |
Lusk et al, 2005 |
| Vimba vimba |
The spawning itself begins most often in the early morning, when the water temperature is 16-18°C |
17.0 |
Trzebiatowski and Narozanski, 1973 |
| Gambusia affinis |
15.5 up to 30 |
15.5 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Gambusia affinis |
17-21 |
19.0 |
Koya et al, 1998 |
| Gambusia affinis |
25-30 for the release of neonates |
27.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Gambusia affinis |
16 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
16.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Gambusia affinis |
Mosquitofish need more than 18°C temperature and 12.5 h daylength for their reproduction, and that brood interval is kept almost constant if the water temperature and photoperiod are constant. |
18.0 |
Koya et al, 2000 |
| Gambusia affinis |
Critical temperature sould be near 15.56°C |
15.56 |
Medlen, 1951 |
| Gambusia affinis |
25-30°C was an optimal range for reproduction in California mosquitofish |
27.5 |
Cech et al, 1992 |
| Esox masquinongy |
7.5-15 |
11.25 |
Farrell et al, 1996 |
| Esox masquinongy |
7-17 (10-13 : peak deposition) |
12.0 |
Farrell et al, 1996 |
| Esox masquinongy |
9.4-15 [Optimum is 12.8°C] |
12.2 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Esox masquinongy |
9.5-15 |
12.25 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Esox masquinongy |
9.4-15, other authors: 8-10.5°C; 7.8-13°C; 12.8 optimal |
12.2 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Esox masquinongy |
At 46-65°F, 8-18°C |
55.5 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Esox masquinongy |
In high 50 to 60 °F, i.e. 10-15.5°C |
12.75 |
Pennslylvania fishes, 2006 |
| Esox masquinongy |
Between 49 and 59°F, i.e. 9.5-15°C |
12.25 |
Wynne, 2006 |
| Esox masquinongy |
Spawning generally occurs at 9 to 15°C |
9.0 |
Miller and Menzel, 1986 |
| Esox masquinongy |
Water temperatures ranged from 7 to 17°C, and spawning peaked at 10-13°C |
11.5 |
Farrell et al, 2005 |
| Esox masquinongy |
When water temperature warm to 50 degrees Farhenheit and remain that warm for several days |
50.0 |
Clemmons and Newman, 1997 |
| Esox niger |
2-22 (when ice melts) |
12.0 |
Coffie, 1998 |
| Esox niger |
8.3-11.1 |
9.7 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Esox niger |
8-11 |
9.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Esox niger |
In the high 40s to low 50s °F |
40.0 |
Pennslylvania fishes, 2006 |
| Esox niger |
8.3-11.1 |
9.7 |
Anonymous, 2006 |
| Esox niger |
Water temperatures ranged from a low of 36° to a high 73°F during the peirod from April 10 to April 25 |
36.0 |
Armbruster, 1959 |
| Esox lucius |
6-7 [But from 5-13] |
6.5 |
Souchon, 1983 |
| Esox lucius |
7-10 |
8.5 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Esox lucius |
5-13 [7-12 peak deposition] |
9.0 |
Farrell et al, 1996 |
| Esox lucius |
7-11 |
9.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Esox lucius |
6-12 |
9.0 |
Hovarth et al, 1992 |
| Esox lucius |
6 and over, between 6-8 |
7.0 |
Frost and Kipling, 1967 |
| Esox lucius |
4.4-11.1 |
7.75 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Esox lucius |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Lucas, 1992 |
| Esox lucius |
5.5-9.8 |
7.65 |
Lenhardt and Cakic, 2002 |
| Esox lucius |
6-14 |
10.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Esox lucius |
4-11 |
7.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Esox lucius |
Rise in temperature 6-10°C |
8.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Esox lucius |
4.4-12°C, but generally 9°C [The start of spawning period usually coincides with the period of peak run-off when water temperatures are approximately 4.4°C, the spawning period ends when water temperature reach 13°C) |
8.2 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Esox lucius |
40 to 52°F |
40.0 |
Wynne, 2006 |
| Esox lucius |
5 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
5.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Esox lucius |
6 to 14°C |
6.0 |
Bradbury et al, 1999 |
| Esox lucius |
Spawning started at 6°C (in 1949) and 6.5°C (1948) and ended when temperature reach 8°C (in 1949) and 9.5°C (1948). Spawning stopped if water decreased below 6°C |
6.0 |
Chimits, 1951 |
| Esox lucius |
In the present study, ripe pike were first caught at temperatures of 6.3°C in 1986 and 6.9°C in 1987 |
6.3 |
Wright and Shoesmith, 1988 |
| Esox lucius |
Usually late March-late April at 40-50°F |
45.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Esox lucius |
Warmed to 8-12°C […] when the water temperature reaches 10°C |
10.0 |
Lappalainen et al, 2008 |
| Lota lota |
5-10 |
7.5 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Lota lota |
0.5-4 |
2.25 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Lota lota |
0.5-4 |
2.25 |
Van Houdt, 2003 |
| Lota lota |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Lota lota |
<5°C |
5.0 |
Persat, 2001 |
| Lota lota |
Usually 0.6-1.7°C |
1.15 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Lota lota |
< 4 |
4.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Lota lota |
0.5-4.0 |
2.25 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Lota lota |
Burbot spawn in winter time at a temperature of 1-4°C |
2.5 |
Harzevili et al, 2004 |
| Lota lota |
33-50°F |
41.5 |
Goodyear et al. et al, 1982 |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus |
15.8-18.5 |
17.15 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus |
Above 10°C |
10.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus |
>15°C [Little courtship occur when water temperature often exceed 25°C] |
15.0 |
Fitzgerald, 1983 |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus |
In out study, some sticklebacks completed spawning and started a new gametogenetic cycle in June-July. Temperatures as high as 20°C probably limited breeding in the populations examined and a further increase of temperature could have been the reason why the initial phase of gamatogenesis in both sexes was disturbed |
20.0 |
Sokolowska and Sokolowska, 2006 |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus |
At 50-73°F |
61.5 |
Goodyear, 1982 |
| Pungitius pungitius |
>15°C [Little courtship occur when water temperature often exceed 25°C] |
15.0 |
Fitzgerald, 1983 |
| Pungitius pungitius |
At 49-62°F; peak spawning occurs at 52-54°F |
55.5 |
Goodyear, 1982 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
15-27 |
21.0 |
Carrel et al, 2001 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
15.6-21.1 |
18.35 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
Breeding starts when water temperature reach 20-23 |
21.5 |
Gross and Nowell, 1980 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
16-21 |
18.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
16-21; 15.6; 15.6-21.1 and 20.6-23.3 |
18.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
At 57-75°F, i.e., 14-24°C |
66.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
16 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
16.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Ambloplites rupestris |
Nesting began at water temperature lower than in lakes, where they span 20 to 23°C |
20.0 |
Noltie and Keenleyside, 1987 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
20-24 is the optimum temperature [Also 17.5-20°C] |
22.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
19-20 |
19.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
15-30 |
22.5 |
Carrel et al, 2001 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
20-27.8 [For nest building] |
23.9 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
20-25 |
22.5 |
Copp et al, 2002 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
20, 18.9-21.1 |
20.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
13-28°C, optimum being 21-24 |
20.5 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
13 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
13.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Lepomis gibbosus |
Beginning at 55°F; occurs at water temperatures as high as 84°F |
55.0 |
Goodyear, 1982 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
16.1-18.3 are the optimal temperature [13-16°C] |
17.2 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
Nest building and spawning (in some areas) commences over a range of 12.8-20°C [Egg deposition takes place mostly at 16.1-18.3°C] |
16.4 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
15.9-17.4 at noon |
16.65 |
Iguchi et al, 2004 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
About 15, peak spawning at 16 |
15.0 |
Cooke et al, 2003 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
16-18 |
17.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
18-27 |
22.5 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
Varies: 15-18; 12.5-23.5; 12.8-20.0 |
16.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
Nest building starts at 16°C |
16.0 |
McNeill, 1995 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
13 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
13.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
Nest building started when water temperatures was 15-18°C |
16.5 |
Turner and MacCrimmon, 1970 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
Spawning season generally begins in late May when water temperature reaches 15°C |
15.0 |
Gillooly and Baylis, 1999 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
At 51-70°F, nest building may begin at water temperatures below 60°F, but spawning usually does not begin until the water temperature reaches about 62°F |
60.5 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
16-18 |
17.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
15.5-20 (the last most successful or ideal temperature) |
17.75 |
Newburg, 1975 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
15 (Observation of the first spawning) |
15.0 |
Rosenblum et al, 1994 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
14-16 (begin of spawning) |
15.0 |
Williamson et al, 1993 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
14-16 [start and up to 24°C] |
15.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
16-18 but 23°C in USA |
17.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
15-25 |
20.0 |
Carrel and Schlumberger, 2001 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
Wen temperature reach 15 |
15.0 |
Fishbase, 2006 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
Nest building starts at about 15.6, but spawning usually takes place at 16.7-18.3 |
17.5 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
15-18 |
16.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
Between 15-24; also 16.7-18.3; the optimum being 21°C |
19.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
14 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
14.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
At 58-70°F |
64.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
At the water temperature of 19 ± 2°C |
19.0 |
Roncarati et al, 2005 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
9-12 |
10.5 |
Zohar et al, in Barnabé et Billard ed. L'aquaculture du Bar et des Sparidés, INRA Publ., Paris, 1984, 3-24 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
At about 14.6°C |
14.6 |
Abdel et al, 2004 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
Vary between 10.6-12.6 |
11.6 |
Barnabé, 1980 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
Spawning occurred for control fish between 11.9-13.8 |
12.85 |
Carillo et al, 1989 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
The spawning begun at the time of the lowest water temperature of the year (12-13°C) and a short but inreasing daylength |
12.5 |
Mananos et al, 1997 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
On the south-east coast of Spain, under natural conditions, spawning occurs during winter months, under low temperatures (12-14°C) and short and/or increasing daylengths |
13.0 |
Rodriguez et al, 2001 |
| Morone americana |
11-15 |
13.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Morone americana |
11-15 |
13.0 |
Sheri and Power, 1968 |
| Morone americana |
11-15 |
13.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Morone americana |
Rising temperature stimulate spawning |
0.0 |
Stanley and Danie, 1983 |
| Morone americana |
Spawning begins at 12 to 14°C in Bay, range between 10 to 19°C in estuary, also began at 12.5°C, 18 to 21C inlakes |
12.0 |
Stanley and Danie, 1983 |
| Morone americana |
Peak spawning occur at 10-16°C |
13.0 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Morone americana |
Spawning temperatures of with perch range falls from 10 to 25.0°C, generally starts at 14.4°C, peaks at 15.6 to 19.4°C, and ends at 21.1 to 22.2°C |
10.0 |
Morgan II and Jasin, 1982 |
| Morone americana |
Between 10-15 |
12.5 |
Mansuetti, 1961 |
| Morone chrysops |
17-23 |
20.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Morone chrysops |
14.4-21.1 |
17.75 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Morone chrysops |
Mean: 16.3 [Range 13.4-20.2] |
16.8 |
Ruelle, 1977 |
| Morone chrysops |
Typically 14.4-18.3 |
16.35 |
Kohler, 1997 |
| Morone chrysops |
14-21 |
17.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Morone chrysops |
13 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
13.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Morone chrysops |
55-79°F |
67.0 |
Goodyear, 1982 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Starts at 14-15, bulk of spawn 16-18°C |
14.5 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Morone saxatilis |
About 18 |
18.0 |
Carmichael et al, 1998 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Around 16-17 |
16.5 |
Sullivan et al, 1997 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Between 14.4-21.2, with peak spawning between 17.8-20.0 |
17.8 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Morone saxatilis |
14 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
14.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Spawning activity start not until water temperatures reached 18°C, with 70 percent of spawning occuring between 20.0 and 23.9°C [Also start at 14.4, and peak at 15.6-19.4°C] |
17.5 |
Burdick and Hightower, 2005 |
| Morone saxatilis |
In the Chesapeeke Bay, females undergoing FOM can be found at temperatures as low as 13°C, whereas spawning takes place at water temperatures of 16-20°C |
18.0 |
Mylonas et al, 1997 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
6-18 |
12.0 |
Ogle, 1998 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
5-18 [mainly between 12-14] |
11.5 |
Brown et al, 1998 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
10-15 |
12.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
Spawning begins when temperature reach 6°C |
6.0 |
Crosier et al, 2005 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
11.6-18.0 is the normal range but could start at 6-8 |
14.8 |
Craig, 2000 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
7.1-20.2 |
13.65 |
Kovac, 1998 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
12-18 |
15.0 |
Crivelli and Rosecchi, 2001 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
11.6-18 |
14.8 |
Saat and Veersalu, 1996 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
6-12 |
9.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Perca flavescens |
7-20°C [But optimal temperature at 10-13°C] |
13.5 |
Craig, 2000 |
| Perca flavescens |
2.8-19.9°C [But optimum at 7.8-11.1°C] |
11.35 |
Heidinger and Kayes, 1986 |
| Perca flavescens |
8.0-12.0°C |
10.0 |
Kayes and Calbert, 1979 |
| Perca flavescens |
8.9-12.2 |
10.55 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Perca flavescens |
7.8-11.1 |
9.45 |
Goubier, 1990 |
| Perca flavescens |
Ranging from 7 to 20°C [Usually 10-13°C] |
11.5 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
| Perca flavescens |
6-14 |
10.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Perca flavescens |
Range from 5.0-12.8, with peak spawning between 8.5-11.0 |
8.9 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Perca flavescens |
Varies between authors: 5-14; 9-12; 7-11; 6.1-8.9 |
9.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Perca flavescens |
6.7-12.2°C |
9.45 |
Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
| Perca flavescens |
7 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
7.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Perca flavescens |
Mean of 9.2°C |
9.2 |
June, 1977 |
| Perca flavescens |
At water temperatures less than 17°C |
17.0 |
Isermann and Willis, 2008 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
12-14 but 7°C in deep water of lakes |
13.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
13-14 |
13.5 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
10-11 [Scotland] |
10.5 |
Treasurer, 1983 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
Stars at 7 and ends at 20°C, but for other areas 12-14 until 24°C |
13.0 |
Sandström et al, 1997 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
Above 7°C, between 8-16°C |
12.0 |
Goubier, 1990 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
Ranging from 7 to 20°C [Usually 10-13°C] |
11.5 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Dubois, 2001 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
6-15 |
10.5 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
5-11 |
8.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
8.5-13.5 |
11.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Perca fluviatilis |
Range 8-16 |
12.0 |
Gillet et al, 1995 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
12-14°C |
13.0 |
Urho, 1996 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
Spawning activity culminated when the water temperature reached 8-12 |
10.0 |
Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
Rapid 2-week increase in water temeprature from 4-6°C to 10-13°C |
5.0 |
Noaksson et al, 2004 |
| Sander lucioperca |
10-12 |
11.0 |
Hovarth et al, 1992 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Possible at 8°C but normally 12°C |
8.0 |
Craig, 2000 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Most at 8-16°C [But could start at 3-4°C and last until 24°C] |
12.0 |
Lappaleinen et al, 2003 |
| Sander lucioperca |
14-16 but as low as 11 in nothern region |
15.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Sander lucioperca |
About 15 |
15.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Sander lucioperca |
14-16 |
15.0 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1991 |
| Sander lucioperca |
8-10 [Nothern part], to 10-14 [Southern part] |
9.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
| Sander lucioperca |
About 11°C |
11.0 |
Billard, 1997 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Around 11 |
11.0 |
Fishbase, 2006 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Begins in most waters at 12°C [Sometines at 8-9] |
8.5 |
Deeler and Willemsen, 1964 |
| Sander lucioperca |
8-22 |
15.0 |
Mann, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
12-14 |
13.0 |
Poulet, 2004 |
| Sander lucioperca |
6-12 |
9.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Sander lucioperca |
8-12 |
10.0 |
Environment agency, ??? |
| Sander lucioperca |
12°C |
12.0 |
Laurent et al, 1973 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Starts either at 10°C, or in other areas only at 12-14°C |
13.0 |
Lehtonen et al, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Vary according to the area studied between 4-5, to 14-15 |
4.5 |
Raikova-Petrova and Zivkov, 1998 |
| Sander lucioperca |
14-15 |
14.5 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1993 |
| Sander lucioperca |
When water temperature reaches 10-14°C depending on latitude |
12.0 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Generally when temperature reaches 14-15°C |
14.5 |
Wang et al, 2009 |
| Sander vitreus |
6.7-8.9°C [Range of 5.6-11.1] |
7.8 |
Colby et al, 1979 |
| Sander vitreus |
Peak spawning at 5.6-10°C |
7.8 |
Malison and Held, 1996b |
| Sander vitreus |
Water warms to 4-7°C |
5.5 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
| Sander vitreus |
6.7-8.9 [Shortly after ice breaks up] |
7.8 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Sander vitreus |
6-11 |
8.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Sander vitreus |
Generally begins at 5-10°C, with peak activity in the 7-8°C range |
7.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Sander vitreus |
5.6-11.1°C |
8.35 |
Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
| Sander vitreus |
4 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
4.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Sander vitreus |
Many authors have reported that walleye spawning occurs at 6-12°C |
9.0 |
Koenst and Smith, 1976 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
3-3.5 |
3.25 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Lower than 6 |
6.0 |
Zuromska, 1982 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
0.4-0.5 |
0.45 |
Salojarvi, 1982 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
2.5-6 |
4.25 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
2-6 |
4.0 |
Mack and Billard, 1984 |
| Coregonus albula |
3.3-3.4 |
3.35 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Coregonus albula |
Starts at 6.7-7.7 |
7.2 |
Dlugosz and Worniallo, 1985 |
| Coregonus albula |
0.4-8 is the full range, mainly 2-5 |
4.2 |
Zuromska, 1982 |
| Coregonus albula |
3-8 |
5.5 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Coregonus albula |
When the water temperature was about 4°C |
4.0 |
Sarvala et al, 1992 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
Dropped below about 7.8 |
7.8 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
4.4-10.0°C, even 3-4°C, most at less than 7-8°C [Most successful spawning occurs at temperatures <6.1°C] |
7.2 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
About 53-33°F (i.e. 0.5-11.5°C), spawning at temperatures above 43°F (6°C) probably not successfull |
43.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
>8°C |
8.0 |
Bradbury et al, 1999 |
| Hucho hucho |
6-10 |
8.0 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Hucho hucho |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Hucho hucho |
5-10 |
7.5 |
Holcik, 1990 |
| Hucho hucho |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Perrin, 2001 |
| Hucho hucho |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Jatteau, 1991 |
| Hucho hucho |
Species starts spawning at 6-10°C |
8.0 |
Witkowski, 1988 |
| Hucho hucho |
The earliest spawning was noted at water temperature of 3.6°C and last spawning was observed at water temperature of 9.2°C. The most intense spawning usually occurs at water temperature of about 7°C |
3.6 |
Witokowski and Kokurewicz, 1981 |
| Hucho hucho |
5-10, mainly 5-6°C |
7.5 |
Prawochensky and Kolder, 1968 |
| Hucho hucho |
When the water temperature, at least during the day, exceeds 8°C |
8.0 |
Penaz and Prihoda, 1981 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
Most spawning at 10-12°C [Range 7-19°C] |
11.0 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
The five stocks studied spawned when surface water temperature was near 8°C |
8.0 |
Beacham and Murray, 1986 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
8-14 |
11.0 |
Golobanov, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
As high as 16, but spawning lof later runs peak at 10 |
16.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
At 60°F, i.e., 15.5°C |
60.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
6-12°C during the study |
9.0 |
Keenleyside and Dupuis, 1988 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
7.2-12.8 |
10.0 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
8-10°C |
9.0 |
Leman, 1993 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
4-11°C |
7.5 |
Fishbase, 2006 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
9.8-14.0°C for early spawners and 4-9°C for late spawner |
11.9 |
Volobuev and Volobuev, 2000 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
Generally select areas with upwelling springs where winter temperatures exceed 4°C, thus protecting the eggs from freezing |
4.0 |
Bakkala, 1970 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
4.4-9.4 or 7-13 |
6.9 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
Usually between 6-12 [Ranging from 0.8-7.7 in Kamchatka and 5.6-13.3 in California] |
9.0 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
0.8-14.4 |
7.6 |
Murray et al, 1990 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
Between 1-10°C, mostly 7.8-11.1 |
5.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
Falling from 57-40°F, i.e., 4.5-14°C |
48.5 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
10-15.5 |
12.75 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
4-19 [6-8 or 10-13] |
11.5 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
From 4 to 13°C with a peak at 8°C |
4.0 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
10-13 [Optimum temperature] |
11.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
Usually between 10.0-15.5 |
12.75 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
Usually exceeds 10, but may be 5-13°C |
9.0 |
Coad, 2006 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
Basically at 3.9-9.4°C, but also described at 10-15°C |
6.65 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
6 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
6.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
4-11 |
7.5 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
20 [Upper limit, above which spawning will not occur] |
20.0 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
5.0-10.5 |
7.75 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
Falling from 61 to 41°F, 5-16°C |
10.5 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
6 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
6.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
10-15 |
12.5 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
4.4-18 and 5.6-13.9 |
11.2 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
Fluctuates between 5.6-13.9°C, the optimum temperatures are 8.0-9.8°C |
9.75 |
Chebanov and Riddell, 1998 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
50-37°F |
43.5 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Salmo salar |
0-10 [0-8, 1-6, 6-10] |
5.0 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Salmo salar |
4.4-5.6 [Preferred temperature] |
5.0 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Salmo salar |
4.2-5.6 [Nothern Region] and 7-12°C [Southern Region] |
4.9 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Salmo salar |
Below 12°C |
12.0 |
Dumas and Darolles, 1999 |
| Salmo salar |
Decrease from 9 to 6°C during the spawning season |
9.0 |
Baglinière at al., 1990 |
| Salmo salar |
6-10 |
8.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Salmo salar |
Water temperature at spawning time was 4.5°C |
4.5 |
Eskelinen, 1989 |
| Salmo salar |
44°F |
44.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
1-10, 2-6, 7-9, 9-13 |
5.5 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
Below 12°C, the optimum is 5-6°C |
5.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
6-9 but may as high as 12.8 |
7.5 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
6.7-8.9 |
7.8 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
6-9 |
7.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
6-9°C |
7.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
4 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
4.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
8-10 |
9.0 |
Kamler et al, 1996 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
When the temperature is falling from 55 to 44°F |
55.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
0.5-7, 3-15 |
3.75 |
Barton, 1996 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
2-7 |
4.5 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Ovulation occurs at 5-8°C but is inhibited at 10-11°C |
6.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
From 11.2 to 8.6 |
11.2 |
Pavlov et al, 1994 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Around 4 |
4.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
0.5-1.5 |
1.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Between 2-7, 5-6 or at 4°C |
4.5 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
0.5-1.5 |
1.0 |
Mittlebach and Persson, 1998 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
1-3 |
2.0 |
Bradbury et al, 1999 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Spawning was believed to have occurred during late September and in the first week of October, when temperature dropped below 7°C |
7.0 |
Beddow et al, 1998 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Wild spawning takes place at 2°C |
2.0 |
Papst and Hopky, 1984 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Spawning may be inhibited at temperatures over 10°C, the timing of ovulation may be delayed at 8°C compared to lower temperatures, and the process of egg over-ripening is greatly accelerated at temperatures above 5°C |
10.0 |
Jobling et al,1998 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
2 (A voir ?) |
2.0 |
Pennel and Barrington. 1996 (79); |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
10-16 |
13.0 |
Hokanson et al, 1973 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
Starts at 11.6 and finished at 2.9 |
11.6 |
Snucins et al, 1992 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
Declined to less than 12°C |
12.0 |
Curry et al, 1991 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
2.9 ± 1.2 |
2.9 |
Bernier-Bourgault and Magnan, 2002 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
Preferred temperature is from 4.5 to 10, and spawning does not occur above 16°C |
4.5 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
Spawning activity and success occurs at below 9°C [4.5-10°C] |
7.25 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
4 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
4.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
During peak spawning periods, water temperature in the spawning area decreased from 11.3 to 8.8°C in 1994 and from 10.3 to 5.9°C in 1995 |
11.3 |
Blanchfield and Ridgway, 1997 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
When the temperature is falling from 55 to 36°F |
55.0 |
Goodyear et al, 1982 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
4.5-14 |
9.25 |
Pennel and Barrington. 1996 (79) |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
< 10 |
10.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
Starts when temperature below 10°C |
10.0 |
Perrin, 2001 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
From 8-9 to 10.6-13.9°C |
8.5 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
8-11 |
9.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
9-13 [Onset of spawning appears to be stimulated by heavy winds when water temperatures drop to near 10°C, Increase and prolonged cloud cover can also advance the spawning period] |
11.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
8 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
8.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
Falls to 6°C |
6.0 |
Belyaeva, 2005 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
3-6°C |
4.5 |
Chereshnev et al, 2000 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
0.2-6°C |
3.1 |
Coad, 2006 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
Spawning which occurred at the water temperature of 0.2-6.0°C |
3.1 |
Dyubin, 2007 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
7-12 |
9.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
8 |
8.0 |
Poncin, 1996 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
7-11 |
9.0 |
Ovidio et al, 2004 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
11 [Spawning behavior were observed on 28 March and lasted until 8 April] |
11.0 |
Parkinson et al, 1999 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
4-7, but sometimes up to nearly 15 |
5.5 |
Northcote, 1995 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
4 to 7, but sometimes up to 15 |
4.0 |
Northcote, 1993 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
The maximum water temperature at which spawning takes place is 8-9°C, further increase in temperature leads to resorption of the sex products |
8.5 |
Zaytsev, 1987 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
Average temperature of 8.8°C |
8.8 |
Darchambeau and Poncin, 1997 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
Optimal temperature of 6-10 |
8.0 |
Maisse et al, 1987 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
Lorsque la tempéature de l'eau passe de 4-5°C à 8-9°C. Une chute brutale de la température de l'eau en-dessous de 5°C après le 15 mars s'accompagne d'un ralentissement de la maturation et du blocage des ovulations chez certaines femelles |
4.5 |
Carmie et al, 1985 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
7-10 |
8.5 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
5-9 |
7.0 |
Northcote, 1995 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
5-9 |
7.0 |
Northcote, 1993 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
7 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
7.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
Most of the spawning took place in a water at a temperature of about 10°C |
10.0 |
Bishop, 1971 |
| Cottus gobio |
3-6 |
4.5 |
Marconato and Bisazza, 1988 |
| Cottus gobio |
7-8 [5-12] |
7.5 |
Abdoli et al, 2005 |
| Cottus gobio |
7.5-13.5 |
10.5 |
Fox, 1978 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
21-25 [Temperature reaching 21°C] |
23.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
20 |
20.0 |
Burke and Leatherland, 1984 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
21.1 |
21.1 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
21 [Also when water reaches 27°C] |
21.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
21-25 |
23.0 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
62-72°F |
67.0 |
Goodyear et al. et al, 1982 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
21 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
21.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Ameiurus nebulosus |
Range from 14 to 29°C |
14.0 |
Internet, 2001 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
21-29 [But optimum around 27-28°C] |
25.0 |
Internet, 2005 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
23.9-29.5, with 26.7 the apparent optimum |
26.7 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
Begin to spawn when the minimu water temperature exceeds 21°C for several days, normal spawning temperature is from 21 to 29 with 26 considered to be optimal |
21.0 |
Wellborn and Tucker, 1985 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
22-29 |
25.5 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
21-23.3 up to 29.5 |
22.15 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
21-29, with 27 being the optimum |
25.0 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
65-85°F |
75.0 |
Goodyear et al. et al, 1982 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
24-29°C |
26.5 |
Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
21 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] |
21.0 |
Olden et al, 2006 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
Begin to spawn when the minimum water temperature exceeds 21°C for several days, normal spawning temperature is from 21 to 29 with 26 considered to be optimal |
21.0 |
Legendre et al, 1997 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
Ambient water temperature in all culture facilities ranged from 23 to 27°C. Warm (30°C) water was added if possible to attempt to maintain water temperatures within the defined spawning range |
23.0 |
Lang and Tiersch, 2007 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
25-27°C optimal spawning temperature |
26.0 |
Sink and Lochman, 2008 |
| Silurus glanis |
Reared at 23-24°C |
23.5 |
Horvath, 1977 |
| Silurus glanis |
18-19°C |
18.5 |
Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987 |
| Silurus glanis |
22-24 |
23.0 |
Hovarth et al, 1992 |
| Silurus glanis |
Spawning can be started as soon as the pond water temperature reaches 20-22°C |
21.0 |
Legendre et al, 1997 |
| Silurus glanis |
20 |
20.0 |
Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
| Silurus glanis |
20 [Optimal temperature = 22-25] |
23.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Silurus glanis |
Exceed 18 |
18.0 |
Ulikowski, 2004 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
Begins about 4, peak occurs at 6-9 [Sometimes start at 1-2°C lower or higher than 4], avoid temperatures lower than 4°C and higher than 12°C |
7.5 |
Belyanina, 1969 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
Along the coast, smelt spawn at water temperatures of 4.0 to 9.0°C |
4.0 |
Buckley, 1989 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
Spawning only occurred when temperatures measured in the River Cree were >6°C. However, in 1995 first spawing took place at a temperature below 6°C |
6.0 |
Lyle and Maitland, 1997 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
Water has reached at least 5°C [Timing of spawning seems to be dictated by temperatures and tides and may vary from estuary to estuary, especially from North to South] |
5.0 |
Maitland, 2003 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
Various researchers have found that the spawning initiating temperature ranges from 4-7; 8-9, 4.4-5.5; 4-6; and >4°C |
5.5 |
Quigley et al, 2004 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
It is known that smalt spawn at a temperature of 4-6°C |
5.0 |
Ziliukine et al, 2002 |