Trait completeness | 88% |
Total data | 146 |
References | 17 |
Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved
Trait id | Trait | Primary data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive | Adhesive | Internet, 2005 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive [Become attached to gravel, boulders, or vegetation on the bottom] | Adhesive | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive [Stick to gravel or plants] | Adhesive | Kohler, 1997 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Egg adhesion was eliminated by a 7-min bath in tannic acid (150 mg/L water) | Non-Adhesive | Smith, 1996 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Many of its semibuoyant eggs and early-life stage larvae were carried downstream of the actual spawning sites by current | Non-Adhesive | June, 1977 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive eggs incubate on rocks or vegetation, in flowing water, eggs may be carried out a short distance from spawning site | Adhesive | Goodyear, 1982 |
5 | Incubation time | 4.5 [14°C], 3-4 [16°C] but 1 day at 26°C | 3.5 days | Internet, 2005 |
5 | Incubation time | 2 [15.6°C] | 2.0 days | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
5 | Incubation time | 1.5-2 [36-48 hours at 16-18°C] | 1.75 days | Kohler, 1997 |
5 | Incubation time | Eggs hatch within 46 hours at 15.6°C | 46.0 days | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
5 | Incubation time | 3.0 [Mean time to egg hatch within the range of average post-spawning the range post-spawning water temperatures] | 3.0 days | Olden, 2006 |
5 | Incubation time | 4 days at 16°C [Between 77 to 93 hours] and 3 days at 19°C | 4.0 days | Siefert, 1974 |
5 | Incubation time | Eggs hatch in 46 hours at 60°F | 46.0 days | Goodyear, 1982 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 50-80 | 65.0 °C * day | Internet, 2005 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 30 | 30.0 °C * day | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 30-40 | 35.0 °C * day | Kohler, 1997 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 60-70 [4 days at 16°C and 3 days at 19°C] | 65.0 °C * day | Siefert, 1974 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 14-26 | 20.0 °C | Internet, 2005 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15.6 | 15.6 °C | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15.6 | 15.6 °C | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated at 16°C and 19°C | 16.0 °C | Siefert, 1974 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated at 19°C | 19.0 °C | Smith, 1996 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 0.700-1.180 [After spawning and water hardening] | 0.94 mm | Ruelle, 1977 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | Increase little in diameter when water-hardened | No data | Kohler, 1997 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal | Demersal | Internet, 2005 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal [Eggs becoming fertilized as they sink] | Ambiguous | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal | Demersal | Kohler, 1997 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Eggs are fertilized as they sink to the bottom | Semi-Pelagic | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.81 | 0.81 mm | Internet, 2005 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.8 | 0.8 mm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.699-1.000 [Ova immediatly after spawning] | 0.8495 mm | Ruelle, 1977 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.61-0.68 [Diameter at ovulation] | 0.645 mm | Kohler, 1997 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.7-1.2 [Not specied, but seems unswollen] | 0.95 mm | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.8 | 0.8 mm | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.8 [Mean diameter of mature, fully yolked, ovarian oocyte] | 0.8 mm | Olden, 2006 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Temperature during larval development | 30-32 °C is lethal for larvae | 31.0 °C | Internet, 2005 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 17.8 | 17.8 °C | Kohler, 1997 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | 60-70 [72-96 hours at 16-18°C] | 65.0 °C * day | Kohler, 1997 |
8 | Initial larval size | 3.7 [Not specified at hatching] | 3.7 mm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
8 | Initial larval size | 3.0 | 3.0 mm | Kohler, 1997 |
8 | Initial larval size | 3.5 | 3.5 mm | Harrell, 1997 |
8 | Initial larval size | 2.0 | 2.0 mm | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
8 | Initial larval size | 3.8 | 3.8 mm | Olden, 2006 |
8 | Initial larval size | Mean of 3.6, range of 3.2-3.9 | 3.55 mm | Siefert, 1974 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Pelagic | Pelagic | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Sac larvae of the white bass exibited a unique swimming behavior. They swam vertically to near the surface, where they became inactive and dropped, head down, to the bottom of chamber. Upon touching, they sawm actively to the surface again | Demersal | Siefert, 1974 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Many of its semibuoyant eggs and early-life stage larvae were carried downstream of the actual spawning sites by current | Demersal | June, 1977 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Urinary and genital pores are seperated in females | Present | Internet, 2005 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Mean 15, and up to 20% [Third week in May] | 15.0 percent | Ruelle, 1977 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 16-17% [End of May] | 16.5 percent | June, 1977 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Effective fecundity range from 470 to 620 eggs/g | 470.0 thousand eggs/kg | Ruelle, 1977 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Mean estimated egg production was 98,273 eggs/kg for 2-year-old fish and 127,805 eggs/kg for 3-year-old fish | 98.0 thousand eggs/kg | Smith, 1996 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [But sometimes at 1-2] | 1.5 years | Internet, 2005 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | Mature at age 3, some at 2 | 3.0 years | Ruelle, 1977 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | Usually 2 [Male] | 2.0 years | Kohler, 1997 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2.0 [Both sex] | 2.0 years | Olden, 2006 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | At 1 year of age, a few males were mature, and by 2 years all males were mature, in reared conditions | 1.0 years | Smith, 1996 |
26 | Resting period | Mid-July to mid-October | No data | Ruelle, 1977 |
26 | Resting period | During the post-spawning period (May-September) | No data | Berlinsky, 1995 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | Onset of vitellogenesis in October | ['October'] | Jackson and Sullivan, 1995 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | Beginning of October increase in GSI [Recruitment ova began to develop in late august,a bout 9 months before the spawning season] | ['October'] | Ruelle, 1977 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | Initiation of vitellogenesis in October | ['October'] | Berlinsky, 1995 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | End of September | ['September'] | June, 1977 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | March-April | ['April', 'March'] | Ruelle, 1977 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | Increase regularly from December until April | ['April', 'December'] | June, 1977 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous developpement | Group-synchronous | Berlinsky, 1995 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous, multiple clutch [Simultaneously recriut several batches of oocytes for repeated spawing events during a brief annual spawning season] | Ambiguous | Sullivan, 1997 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 61.7-994 | 527.85 thousand eggs | Internet, 2005 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Average 565, range from 242-933 | 587.5 thousand eggs | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Several papers described the fecundity of white bass. Ova counts ranged from 650,000 to 970,000 for three fish of unknown size from Spirit Lake, Iowa. Fecundity for 14 fish, 254 to 391 mm fork length from Shafer Lake, Indiana, ranged between 242,000 and 932,000 ova. Calculated fecundity for fish 320, 350 and 360 mm total length in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, was 360 000, 585,000 and 600,000 ova more than 0.57 mm in diameter respectively | 650.0 thousand eggs | Ruelle, 1977 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Several hundred thousands eggs | No data | Kohler, 1997 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 565 | 565.0 thousand eggs | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.25-0.28 | 0.265 kg | Berlinsky, 1995 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 26 | 26.0 cm | Internet, 2005 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 28 [Female] | 28.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | On average, adults are between 25.4 to 35.6 cm | 25.4 cm | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 27.5 [Both sex] | 27.5 cm | Olden, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | Mean length of females selected for hatchery trials in 1994 were 292 mm TL (age 2) and 310 (age 3) | 1994.0 cm | Smith, 1996 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | The majority the Lake Erie white bass studied did not mature sexually until the age 3 when they averaged 277 mm total length | 3.0 cm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [Sex specified] | 3.0 year | Internet, 2005 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | About 2 [Female] | 2.0 year | Berlinsky, 1995 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Some mature at 3, and all at 4 | 3.0 year | Ruelle, 1977 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Usually 3 [Female] | 3.0 year | Kohler, 1997 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Most bass mature at 3 [Not specified] | 3.0 year | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 2.0 [Both sex] | 2.0 year | Olden, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | At 2 years of age in reared conditions, all female were mature | 2.0 year | Smith, 1996 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Urinary and genital pores are united in males | Absent | Internet, 2005 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | September [Testes developped rapidly in fall] | ['September'] | Ruelle, 1977 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | Mean 5, up to 7.5 [Mid-May] | 5.0 percent | Ruelle, 1977 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | September, and then in April | ['April', 'September'] | Ruelle, 1977 |
35 | Resting period | 0.1 % |From early August to | 0.1 months | Ruelle, 1977 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 22 | 22.0 cm | Internet, 2005 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 21 [Male] | 21.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 27.5 [Both sex] | 27.5 cm | Olden, 2006 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | Mean length of males selected for hatchery trials in 1994 were 278 mm TL (age 2) and 298 (age 3) | 29.0 cm | Smith, 1996 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
47 | Mating system | Polygamous mating system with no mate selection | No category | Internet, 2005 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Daylight [But has been reported to occur at night also] | Ambiguous | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning occurs during both day and night, but fish are most active crespuscularly | Ambiguous | Kohler, 1997 |
50 | Parental care | No parental care is given to eggs or young | No category | Internet, 2005 |
50 | Parental care | Nonguarders | No care | Fishbase, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | No parental care is given to eggs or young | No category | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
50 | Parental care | After spawning, all females and most males abandonned the area, within 1 wk all males departed | No category | Ruelle, 1977 |
50 | Parental care | No care is provided to the eggs | No care | Kohler, 1997 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Gravel or sand | Ambiguous | Internet, 2005 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Firm gravel or sand | Ambiguous | Kohler, 1997 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Phyto-lithophils | Lithophils | Balon, 1975 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Took place over submerged deaed vegetation or debris | Phytophils | June, 1977 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Eggs are scattered at random at surface or in mid-water usually over firm bottom of rock, gravel, rubble, sand, or clay, occassionally over mud, abundant vegetation may be present | Ambiguous | Goodyear, 1982 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open water/ substratum egg scatterers | Open water/substratum scatter | Fishbase, 2006 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | The eggs are released near the surface or in midwater | Open water/substratum scatter | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No nest construction | Open water/substratum scatter | Kohler, 1997 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open substratum spawner | Open water/substratum scatter | Balon, 1975 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Eggs are scattered at random at surface or in mid-water | No category | Goodyear, 1982 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 17-23 | 20.0 °C | Internet, 2005 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 14.4-21.1 | 17.75 °C | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Mean: 16.3 [Range 13.4-20.2] | 16.8 °C | Ruelle, 1977 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Typically 14.4-18.3 | 16.35 °C | Kohler, 1997 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 14-21 | 17.5 °C | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 13 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] | 13.0 °C | Olden, 2006 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 55-79°F | 67.0 °C | Goodyear, 1982 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 1.5 [5-10 days] | 7.5 weeks | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 1-2 [Most spawning was during the last week in May and the first week in June] | 1.5 weeks | Ruelle, 1977 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Spawing bouts can last from 5 to 10 days | 5.0 weeks | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
40 | Spawning period duration | A period of 5-10 days | 7.5 weeks | Goodyear, 1982 |
42 | Spawning water type | Tuburlent areas of rivers | No category | Internet, 2005 |
42 | Spawning water type | Tributaries, but in any suitable shoreline structure in the absence of tributaries | Stagnant water | Kohler, 1997 |
42 | Spawning water type | Clear, swift tributaries, if tributaries are not available, will spawn on current-swept lake shores or shoals or in bays | Ambiguous | Goodyear, 1982 |
43 | Spawning depth | 0.6-2 m | 1.3 m | Internet, 2005 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow waters | No data | Kohler, 1997 |
43 | Spawning depth | Adults typically spawn near the surface, and eggs are fertilized as they sink to the bottom | No data | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
43 | Spawning depth | To 36 feet | 36.0 m | Goodyear, 1982 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Move inshore from deep water and enter tributaries, beginning in April at about 55°F, often move many miles upstream | 55.0 km | Goodyear, 1982 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Migrate up tributaries when available | No data | Kohler, 1997 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Sexually mature fish form schools, and move onto shoals or into estuaries for spawning, these inshore movements usually occurring when water temperature rises to 12.8-15.6 | No data | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
39 | Spawning season | April-June | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Internet, 2005 |
39 | Spawning season | Spring: usually in May, extending in June in cool years | ['May', 'June'] | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
39 | Spawning season | Could have extended from March to April | ['April', 'March'] | Berlinsky, 1995 |
39 | Spawning season | Spawning activity extended from about 17 May to 10 June | ['May', 'June'] | Ruelle, 1977 |
39 | Spawning season | Spawning takes place in May, and may extend into June | ['May', 'June'] | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
39 | Spawning season | Mean peak spawning 3 June [Range: 11 May-27 June] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota | ['May', 'June'] | June, 1977 |
39 | Spawning season | In April-early-June, usually late May-early June | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Goodyear, 1982 |
48 | Spawning release | Batch spawners | Mutliple | Berlinsky, 1995 |
48 | Spawning release | White bass shed only about one-half of their ova | No category | Ruelle, 1977 |
49 | Parity | After spawning, all females and most males abandonned the area, within 1 week all males departed | No category | Ruelle, 1977 |
49 | Parity | May live up to 7 years | No category | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
49 | Parity | Return to lakes or deeper water in rivers after spawning | Iteroparous | Goodyear, 1982 |