| Anguilla anguilla |
After four days, the yok sac is almost completely resorbed, the fat doplet begins to resorb |
0.0 |
Prokhorchik, 1987 |
| Alosa alosa |
Yolk-sac resoprtion occurred 6 days after fertilization at 20°C (less 5 for incubation) |
6.0 |
Leguen et al, 2007 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
94 [6 days at 15.6] |
94.0 |
Wiggins et al, 1985 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
70-85 [Yolksac larvae absorb their yolk in 4-5 days at 17°C] |
77.5 |
Everly and Boreman, 1999 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
[About 4 to 7 days after hatching; 9-12 mm or 12.2 when yolk is absorbed] |
10.5 |
Mills, 2004 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
4-7 days |
5.5 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Barbatula barbatula |
The yolk-sac is absorbed within 5-7 days [4.0-6.5 mm in size] |
6.0 |
Smyly, 1955 |
| Barbatula barbatula |
About 6 days |
6.0 |
Bagenal, 1971 |
| Abramis brama |
120-140 [6-8 days at 17-20°C] |
130.0 |
Backiel and Zawiska, 1968 |
| Abramis brama |
A complete resorption of the yolk-sac characterizing the beginning of this step took place at the average length of larve L= 7.7 to 7.9 mm on the 7th to the 8 th of development, i.e. 4-5 after hatching |
4.5 |
Penaz and Gajdusek, 1979 |
| Abramis brama |
Bream larvae, the TL of which was 8.2 mm, switched completely to exogenous food |
8.2 |
Ziliukiene, 2005 |
| Abramis brama |
8-10 days after hatching, reserves of the yolk sac have been used. |
9.0 |
Brylinska and Boron, 2004 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
154-162 [At 7 days at 22-26°C, the yolk sac is completely absorbed and the larvae migrate along the shore, feeding exclusively on external food] |
158.0 |
Jennigs, 1988 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
High mortality of unfed fish larvae was observed starting on day 6 and, except for one tank, all larvae in replicate tanks were dead by day 11 (at 26-30°C) |
28.0 |
Santiago et al, 2003 |
| Aspius aspius |
On day 11, when the larvae averaged 10.17 mm, the yolk sac was completely resorbed and the period of exogenous feeding begin (at 18-20°C) |
19.0 |
Ostaszewska, 2002 |
| Aspius aspius |
The yolk sac was completely absorbed on day 11 post hatch |
11.0 |
Ostaszewska and Wegiel, 2002 |
| Barbus barbus |
130-140 [8 days at 17 ± 2°C] |
17.0 |
Calta, 1998 |
| Barbus barbus |
The yolk sac is complety resorbed before ca. 10 days at 23°C at a size of 13.7 mm |
10.0 |
Vandewalle et al, 1993 |
| Barbus barbus |
Termination of the yolk sac resorption 142 DD, or 8 days after hatching |
142.0 |
Penaz, 1971 |
| Barbus barbus |
The change to exclusively exogenous nutrition took place on the 15th to 17th day of the development, at 19°C |
15.0 |
Krupta, 1988 |
| Barbus barbus |
Acively swimming larvae were transported to USB RIFCH, and the rearing study with exogenous nutrition started after absorption of the yolk sac one day later (19 days, 344 degree-days after fertilization and 13 days, 236 degree-days post-hatch) |
19.0 |
Policar et al, 2007 |
| Carassius auratus |
By one and one-half to two and one-half days,a length of 5.8 millimeters is attained, and the yolk sac has been reduced to a narrow tubular band. At seven to eight days (6.8 millimeter stage), the yolk material has practically all disappeared.At 25°C |
5.8 |
Battle, 1940 |
| Carassius auratus |
Yolk was absorbed to be absent or present as a thin ribbon only by day 2 at 27°C, day 4 at 22°C, and day 6 at 17°C |
2.0 |
Wiegand et al, 1988 |
| Carassius carassius |
At 20 and 25°C, a maximum size of 7.6 mm, and at 30°C, 7.4 mm was achieved. The survival time (50% mortality) on yolk sac energy was 8 days both at 5 and 25-30°C, 9 days at at 20°C, and 14 days at 10-14°C. Even when Artemia nauplii were available on the fourth day, feeding (food in the gut) was noted at 15°C only, but its importance even here is not known since all died at the embryonic stage |
27.5 |
Laurila et al, 1987 |
| Carassius carassius |
The yolk sac disappears completely at the length between 6.5-7.2 mm |
6.85 |
Laurila and Holopainen, 1990 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
150-180 [About 11 at 13 or 16°C] |
165.0 |
Kamler et al, 1998 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
320 [20.8 at 16°C] for 50% yolk resoprtion] |
320.0 |
Keckeis et al, 2000 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
140-160 [Full yolk resorption: 7.5 (19°C), 10.8 (16°C), 10.7 (13°C), 12.4 (10°C)] |
150.0 |
Schiemer et al, 2003 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
Termination of the yolk sac resorption: 196 DD, or 13 days after hatching |
196.0 |
Penaz, 1971 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
The yolk sac is present in form of a small remainder which disappears by the end of the stage, i.e. 31 days after insemination or 11-12 days at 14-15°C |
11.5 |
Penaz, 1974 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
Endogenous feeding of the nase larvae lasted from hatching until 4 dph, mixed feeding from 4 to 9 dph, and beginning from 9 dph the fish fed exogenously (at 18-20°C) |
19.0 |
Sysa et al, 2006 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
7 days: the mesolarva measures 7.5 to 8.1 mm, has absorbed its yolk sac and feed exogenously |
7.0 |
Shireman and Smith, 1983 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
60-70 |
65.0 |
Billard et al, 1995 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
70 |
70.0 |
Lafaille and Crivelli, 2001 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
70-80: At 25°C, the yolk has dissapeared completely between the 133th and 131st hour of development, less than 51-57.5 hours for hatching |
75.0 |
Penaz et al, 1983 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
For the first three days post hatching, common carp rely exclusively on endogenous food resources (yok sac). The 8-9 days old larvae have usually completely resorbed yolk sac, and feed exclusively on exogenous food |
8.5 |
Jezierska et al, 2006 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
It is interesing to note that the disappearance of proteolytic activity observed in the starved larvae age 10 days converges with the so-called "point of no return", which occurs on the 10th day of life of starved carp larvae at 24°C |
10.0 |
Szlamiska, 1982 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Total mortality in complete absence of food in the nursing ambient occurs for common carp larvae after 9-12 days of starvation |
10.5 |
Hamackova et al, 2007 |
| Gobio gobio |
90-100 [5 days at 18-20°C] |
95.0 |
Kennedy and Fitzmaurice, 1972 |
| Gobio gobio |
La vésicule est résorbée en quatre jours (à + 20°C) et les alevins de notre élevage mesurent 5.15 (5 à 5.5 mm) alors que l'alevin d'Irlande atteint 6 mm |
20.0 |
Brunet and Hoestlandt, 1972 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
High mortality of unfed fish was observed starting on day 6, except for one tank, all larvae in replicate tanks were dead by day 11. At 26-30°C |
28.0 |
Santiago et al, 2003 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
The larvae 2.5 days after hatching are at phase 23; their length is 7.4 mm. They begin to actively catch food oustide,but continue mostly to feed on yolk, which is present as relatively substantial residue |
2.5 |
Burlakov et al,2006 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
90-100 DD: By day 8, only a small portion of yolk reserves remained to be absorbed (less than 75.5-80.7 hours for incubation) at 21.6°C |
95.0 |
Pinder and Gozlan, 2004 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
Contents of small yolk sac were very quickly resorbed: 1-2 days at 20°C |
1.5 |
Bonislawska et al, 1999 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
About 130 [8 days at 17 °C] |
130.0 |
Calta, 2000 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
11 days, consumption of yolk sac finished at temperature between 15.4 and 17.8°C |
11.0 |
Penaz, 1968 |
| Leuciscus idus |
The resorption of the yolk-sac lasts about 80-90 DD |
85.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Leuciscus idus |
Other studies stated that, for ide, at 25°C water temperature, 50% of starving fry were killed after 9 days of nursing, and 95% after 10 days. In our case, total kill of starving fry occurred during the 10th day of nursing |
25.0 |
Hamackova et al, 2007 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
90-120 [The yolk-sac was absorbed in a week or to ten days, when the larvae were about 10 mm long] |
105.0 |
Kennedy, 1969 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
After 10 days at about 15°C, the yolk sac is fully resorbed |
10.0 |
Wurtz-Arlet, 1950 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
[The exhaustion of endogeneous supplies; heavy mortalities in starved fry kept at 10°C only began after three weeks] |
10.0 |
Mills, 1982 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
140-150 [On the 8th -9th day after hatching, when the larvae reach a length of 7.0-8.0 mm, the yolk sac disapperas completely and they go over to exogeneous feeding exclusively at 16°C] |
145.0 |
Soin et al, 1982 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
About 13-14 days |
13.5 |
Bagenal, 1971 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
The yolk sac had disappeared by the time the 'pin' minnows were 13-14 days old; they were then 8.0 mm long |
13.5 |
Frost, 1943 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
170-190 The time for development from fertilization to 'swim-up' larvae at 15°C ranged from 14-17 days |
180.0 |
Mills, 1988 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
The resorption of the yolk sac requires 8 days at 16°C, and 5.5 days at 20°C |
8.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
Changeover of larvae to exogenous feeding only. Under aquarium conditions the larvae were around 7.6 mm long at an age of 8 days. The yolk sac was fully resorbed and the larvae fed on exogenous food only. |
7.6 |
Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
| Rhodeus sericeus |
Mussels incubate the eggs for 2-4 weeks, until the yolk is absorbed when the young bitterling swim out the exhalant siphon of the living mussel] |
3.0 |
Mills and Reynolds, 2002 |
| Tinca tinca |
110 [7 days and 20 hours after fertilization at 22, i.e. 5 days after hatching] |
110.0 |
Geldhauser, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
120 [Full resorption of yolk at 8.17 at 22°C, i.e. 5.44 after hatcing] |
120.0 |
Kamler et al, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
110-120 [5-10 days at 22°C] |
115.0 |
San Juan, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
Exclusively exogeneous nutrition, the last remains of the yolk sac disappered definitively: L=5.8-7.4 mm |
6.6 |
Penaz et al, 1982 |
| Vimba vimba |
Yolk resorption last up to 14 days |
14.0 |
Luszczek et al, 2008 |
| Esox masquinongy |
Yolk remained along the ventral portion of the oesophagus and intestine and was present until the fourth day of feeding |
0.0 |
Anonymous, 1982 |
| Esox lucius |
160-180 |
170.0 |
Chauveheid and Billard, 1983 |
| Esox lucius |
300 [End of the fixed period] |
300.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Esox lucius |
160-180 [i.e. 15 days at 11.2°C] |
170.0 |
Balvay, 1983 |
| Esox lucius |
130 |
130.0 |
Le Louarn and Feunteun, 2001 |
| Esox lucius |
About 9-10 days |
9.5 |
Bagenal, 1971 |
| Esox lucius |
8 days at 12.5°C, at a size of ca. 14.5 |
8.0 |
Wurtz, 1944 |
| Esox lucius |
Yolk sacs were largely resorbed at 8 days (at 12°C) |
8.0 |
Giles et al, 1986 |
| Esox lucius |
About 14 days |
14.0 |
Chimits, 1951 |
| Esox lucius |
Pike larvae with yolk sac, 5 days post-hatch,were obtained from a fish hatchery in SW Finland |
5.0 |
Engström-Öst et al, 2005 |
| Lota lota |
Yolk-feeding burbot larvae resorb their yolk sac during almost two weeks after hatching |
0.0 |
Kujawa et al, 2002 |
| Lota lota |
At the yolk stage they measure 3-4 mm. |
3.5 |
Harzevili et al, 2004 |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus |
The larva continues to grow by absorption of the yolk which is completely used up 4 days after hatching, giving the larva, now about 6 mm long, a slender appearance. |
4.0 |
Swarup, 1958 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
120 [The larvae became free-swimming 6 days after hatching at 21°C, at a length of approximatively 8.7 millimeters] |
120.0 |
Meyer, 1970 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
160 [Postlarval bass, rose off the nests in 1966 at 8-11 days after hatching, between June 17 and 20, when water temperatures ranged between 17.2 and 19.5°C] |
9.5 |
Turner and MacCrimmon, 1970 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
260 |
260.0 |
Heidinger, 1976 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
180 [Whithin 10 days at 20°C, the largemouth bass fry become free-swimming shortly after which the yolk sac is fully absorbed] |
180.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
60-80 [Three or four days after hatching, at 21°C, larvae became free-swimming at approximatively 6.1 millimetres] |
70.0 |
Meyer, 1970 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
120-130 [The yolk sac was absorbed and all fry were free-swimming 168 hours (less 48 hours for hatching) after fertilization, at 70-72°F, i.e. 20-22] |
125.0 |
Tebo and McCoy, 1964 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
8 days |
8.0 |
Saillant et al, 2001 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
Feeding depends upon the yolk vesicle which persists beyond the mouth opening (day 5 post-hatching) until the end of endotrophy (day 7) at 15°C |
5.0 |
Giffard-Mena et al,2006 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
The differences between the mortality rates of the different temperature treatments were expressed at the end of yolk-sac larval stage (4-7 days post-hatching) |
5.5 |
Georgakopoulou et al, 2007 |
| Morone americana |
Larvae absorb the yolk-sac and develop a swimbladder within 3-5 days post-hatch at a length of about 3.8 mm |
4.0 |
North and Houde, 2001 |
| Morone chrysops |
60-70 [72-96 hours at 16-18°C] |
65.0 |
Kohler, 1997 |
| Morone saxatilis |
The yolk sas larval stage runs 3-6 days |
4.5 |
Everly and Boreman, 1999 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Absorb their yolk sac until they are >5 d old and > 5 mm in length |
5.0 |
North and Houde, 2001 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Striped bass survive on endogenous yolk for the first 5 days of life |
5.0 |
Harell and Curry Woods III, 1995 |
| Morone saxatilis |
In stripped bass, inflated swibladders are first detected at 5-7 days post-hatching (dph) at 18°C, which coincides with the completion of yolk absorption, initiation of first feeding and peak larval specific gravities |
6.0 |
Martin-Robichaud and Peterson, 1998 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
Active feeding and swimming occur within one week of hatching after the yolk-sac is absorbed |
0.0 |
Crosier et al, 2005 |
| Perca flavescens |
3-5 days |
4.0 |
Rue, 2001 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
105 |
105.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
About 130-150 |
140.0 |
Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
About 4 days |
4.0 |
Bagenal, 1971 |
| Sander lucioperca |
100-110 at 14-15°C |
105.0 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Their yolk-sacs are totally used after 10-12 days at a length of 6.5-9 mm |
11.0 |
Lehtonen et al, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
100 |
100.0 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1993 |
| Sander lucioperca |
Nearly resorbed after 4-5 days after hatching at 14°C |
4.5 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1991 |
| Sander lucioperca |
The end of endogenous feeding of pike-perch larvae reared at 20°C took place at the same time as macroscopic yolk resorption, on the 6 day post hatching. The remaing traces of yolk nutrients visible under the microscope were absorbed until the 17 day of life |
20.0 |
Ostasweska, 2005 |
| Sander vitreus |
100-127 |
113.5 |
Krise and Meade, 1986 |
| Sander vitreus |
80-100 [i.e. 5 days at 18-20] |
90.0 |
Mathais and Li, 1982 |
| Sander vitreus |
Feeding takes place before the yolk is fully absorbed |
0.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Sander vitreus |
[9-12 days at 53-57°F or 11.5-15.5] |
10.5 |
Hurley, 1972 |
| Sander vitreus |
At a mean temperature of 16.4°C, the yolk sac dissapears in the 5th day posthatch, about 68 TU, but it may persist up to 13 days at temperature of 13.2°C. Also reported that the yolk sac dissapeared in 10-11 days |
10.5 |
Summerfelt, 1996 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
The yolk is used 7 days after the start of feeding (which is four days after hatching), and the oil globule of the yolk sac persists about 10 days longer at 12°C for Coregonus fera !! |
7.0 |
Loewe and Eckmann, 1988 |
| Coregonus albula |
At 10°C, the mortality of starved larvae was greatest between the 10th and the 15 th day |
10.0 |
Jezierska et al, 1979 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
150-160 [There were essentially no differences in survival among feeding regimes until day 15 [at 12°C], when yolk sac was complete and the larvae had to feed on exogeneous food resources.] |
155.0 |
Taylor and Freeberg, 1984 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
150-170 [Yolk-sac absorption occurred between 23 and 25 days post-hatch (at 6.9°C). Yet, water temperatures in their this experiment were maintained at relatively low temperatures to simulate temperatures normally encountered in the Laurentian Great Lakes, while in early study was conducted at 12°C. At this higher temperature, larval lake whitefish exhausted energy reserves between 12 and 15 days post-hatch] |
160.0 |
Brown and Taylor, 1992 |
| Hucho hucho |
140-160 |
150.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Hucho hucho |
140-160 |
150.0 |
Jatteau, 1991 |
| Hucho hucho |
The larval stage from hatching to the complete resorption of the vitelline sac is about 309°D at 10°C [The feeding to larvae began a few days before the completion of the vitelline sac] |
309.0 |
Witokowski and Kokurewicz, 1981 |
| Hucho hucho |
The period from hatching to the loss of the yolk sac is 164.1 DD |
164.1 |
Prawochensky and Kolder, 1968 |
| Hucho hucho |
545 (less than 287.6-339.1 for incubation) yolk sac has disappeared, exlusively external nutrition |
313.35 |
Penaz and Prihoda, 1981 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
305 [Swim-up from fertilization: 805 degree-days, less 500 for hatching ] |
305.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
[Duration for 50% emergence: 66.1 days at 9.6°C, 36.6 days at 9.7°C, 64.1 days at 5.1°C and 153.4 days at 2.9°C, also 41.7 days at 10.5°C, 39.4 days at 7.3°C, 45.8 days at 6.0 and 46.7 days at 5.2°C] |
50.0 |
Murray and Beacham, 1986 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
Emergence at 255 DD [3°C], 330 DD[6°C], 310 DD [10°C] and 360 DD [12°C] deduced from graph and size at hatching average 31 mm, range 28.5 to 33.5 |
255.0 |
Beacham and Murray, 1990 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
50% emergence vary: 32.3 days [14°C], 43.6 days [11°C], 48 days [8°C], 74.2 days [5°C]; Mean SL vary at 50% emergence vary with temperature: 26 [14°C], 27.1 [11°C], 28.4 [8°C], 26.8 [5°C] |
50.0 |
Murray and McPhail, 1988 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
700-1000 [from egg fertilization ?] |
850.0 |
Groot, 1996 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
The yolk sac are fully absorbed 30 to 50 days after hatching |
30.0 |
Pauley et al, 1988 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
400 [Swim-up from fertilization: 960 degree-days, from hatching 960 less 560] |
400.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
The alelvins phase is completed in 30 to 60 days |
30.0 |
Bakkala, 1970 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
Emergence 300 DD [3°C], 294 [6°C], 370 [10°C] and 408 [12°C] at an average of 34.5 mm, range 31.5-38.5 mm |
35.0 |
Beacham and Murray, 1990 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
Emergence 30 days [12.1°C], 43.2 [9.5°C], 37.6 [8.1°C], 63.7 [4.9°C], 66.9 [4.1°C] |
30.0 |
Murray and Beacham, 1987 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
50% emergence at: 39.8 [14°C], 45.6 [11°C], 57.6 [8°C], 64.1 [5.0°C]; Mean SL vary at 50% emergence vary with temperature: 30 [14°C], 31 [11°C], 31.4 [8°C], 32.6 [5°C] |
50.0 |
Murray and McPhail, 1988 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
Emergence vary between Mid-february to Mid-April for groundwaters incubation, 60 days at 3-4°C, and for subsurface waters from 30-40 days at 2-6°C |
3.5 |
Leman, 1993 |
| Oncorhynchus keta |
In Central coast: time to 50% emergence 327.6-186.8 [At 2.2°C], 204.1-124.5 [4.1°C] and 132.3-69.3 [8.1°C] |
257.2 |
Beacham and Murray, 1987 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
550 [Swim-up from fertilization: 970 degree-days, from hatching 970 less 420] |
550.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
Emergence 390 DD [3°C], 420 [6°C], 500 [10°C], 480 [12°C] at an average size of 32, range 29-35 |
32.0 |
Beacham and Murray, 1990 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch |
50% emergence at 29.7 [14°C], 31.7 [11°C], 46.4 [8°C], 51.6 [5°C], 113.3 [2.°C] Mean SL vary at 50% emergence vary with temperature: 23.9 [14°C], 24.9 [11°C], 25.9 [8°C], 27.1 [5°C] and 27.9 [2°C] |
50.0 |
Murray and McPhail, 1988 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
3-7 days to absorb the yolk |
5.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
190 [Swim-up from fertilization: 500 degree-days, from hatching 500 less 310] |
190.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
For female age 3 (prior to yolk sac resorption no food was administered to larvae): 540 DD [At 10°C], 336 [At 12°C], 262 DD [At 14°C] |
3.0 |
Kamler and Kato, 1983 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
In the control, yolk utilisation ended after 20 days of exposure, but it was resorbed 3-5 days later in the test alevins, 11-12°C |
4.0 |
Stasiunaite, 2003 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
300-360 [Hatching to emergence: 53-60 days (5.0°C), 36-40 (9°C), 24-25 (12.5°C] |
330.0 |
Hendry et al, 1998 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
330 [Swim-up from fertilization: 1000 degree-days, from hatching 1000 less 670] |
330.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
Emergence at 285 [3°C], 420 [6°C], 500 [10°C], and 480 [12°C] at an average size of 26.5, range 25-28.5 |
26.75 |
Beacham and Murray, 1990 |
| Oncorhynchus nerka |
50% emergence at: 25 [14°C], 38.5 [11.1°C], 43.6 [6.9°C], 53.5 [5°C], 75.8 [2°C]; Mean SL vary at 50% emergence vary with temperature: 20.7 [14°C], 22.9 [11°C], 24.4 [8°C], 23.4 [5°C] and 23.6 [2°C] |
50.0 |
Murray and McPhail, 1988 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
470 [Swim-up from fertilization: 890 degree-days, from hatching 890 less 420] |
470.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
870-920 [Thermal units from fertilization at complete yolk absorption averaged 1456 ± 22 among the test temperatures: 250 days (6°C), 180 (8°C), 150 (10°C) and 120 (12°C), minus 95, 71, 55, 44 days for incubation respectively, thus vary between 870-920] |
1456.0 |
Heming et al, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
550-570 [Complete yolk absorption: 250 days postfertilization at 6°C, and size of a mean 42.2 (41.8, 42.6); 183 days at 8°C and a mean size of 40.8 (40.5, 41.2), 147 days at 10°C and a mean size of 39.5 (39.1, 39.9), 120 at 12°C ar a mean size of 38.9 (38.5, 39.4), less than 95, 71, 55, 44 for incubation respectively; i.e. 95 [6°C], 71 [8°C], 55 [10°C], 44 [12°] |
560.0 |
Heming, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
Emergence at 315 DD [3°C], 360 [6°C], 400 [10°C], 396 [12°C] at an average size of 35, range of 33.5-36.5 |
35.0 |
Beacham and Murray, 1990 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
Emergence time vary: 32.1 days [12.1°C], 51.1 [9.3°C], 53 [8.1°C], 87.8 [4.8°C], 90.3 [4.1°C] |
32.1 |
Murray and Beacham, 1987 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
50% emergence vary: 24.6 [14°C], 37.1 [11°C], 47.9 [8°C], 89.5 [5°C], 114 [2°C]; Mean SL vary at 50% emergence vary with temperature: 27.3 [14°C], 28.6 [11°C], 28.5 [8°C], 30.7 [5°C] and 29 [2°C] |
50.0 |
Murray and McPhail, 1988 |
| Salmo salar |
280-320 [80% water content, from fertilization at 320 at 4°C, at 325 at 6°C, at 288 at 8°C, at 280 at 10°C, at 240 at 12°C] |
300.0 |
Perterson and Martin-Robichaud, 1995 |
| Salmo salar |
Usually 39 to 53 days [Last from 30 to 65 days] |
39.0 |
Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
| Salmo salar |
370 [Swim-up from fertilization: 800 degree-days, also from 387-765, from hatching 800 less 430] |
576.0 |
Bascinar and Okumus, 2004 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
800 [For emergence from the substrates] |
800.0 |
Ombredane et al, 2001 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
561 to 752 [Degree-days, life span after hatching, without external food] |
561.0 |
Vollestad and Lillehammer, 2000 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
650 [52 days at 12.5°C] |
650.0 |
Ojanguren et al, 1996 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
200-320 [135 days at 1.3, 40-43 at 8°C] |
260.0 |
Pavlov et al, 1994 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
[6 weeks after hatching at 8-13°C, fish were transfered to 70 l tanks to begin feeding] |
10.5 |
Dumas et al, 1995 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Stage 2 was when about two-thirds of the yolk has been used: 61 days (3°C); 44 (6°C), 35 (8°C) and 32 (12°C) and Stage 3 was yolk exhaustion, defined as the point at which less than 1.5% of the yolk remain: 101 days (3°C), 75 (6°C), 59 (8°C) and 48 (12°C) and in degree-days 320 (3°C), 400 (6°C), 450 (8°C) and 570 (12°C) |
2.0 |
Wallace and Aasjord, 1984 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
82-188 [Samplings at 544 and 650 DD were conducted to approximatively coincide with the middle and end of yolk absorption period, i.e. 82 and 188 when substrated the DD of incubation (462)] |
135.0 |
Dumas et al, 1995 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
220 |
220.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
The feeding experiment was initiated 112 days after fertilization (5 weeks after hatching). Sampling started when all fry from a given group hadesorbed started exogenous feeding, with the yolk sac being fully or partially resorbed |
112.0 |
Roche-Mayzaud et al, 1998 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
115 [Around 11 days at 11.4°C, the last remnants of the yolk has disappeared and 23 days at 3.8°C] |
115.0 |
Bogdanova, 1978 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
130 [33 days at 4°C] |
130.0 |
Sturn, 1994 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
130-150 [13-14 at 9.0-10.5°C] |
140.0 |
Zaytsev, 1986 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
About 130 |
130.0 |
Haugen and Vollestad, 2000 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
Remain within the gravel during 120-150 DD until their yolk sac is almost fully resorbed |
135.0 |
Bardonnet and Gaudin, 1990 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
Complete absoprtion of the yolk sac did not occur until fish reached a size of about 22 mm |
22.0 |
Scott, 1985 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
On the 17-24 th after hatching, the yolk sac is completely resorbed and the larvae rely on exogeneous food only |
20.5 |
Penaz, 1975 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
La vésicule se résorba en 8 jours (degrés-jours de 90) et les alevins furent alimentés avant disparition de celle-ci |
8.0 |
Vivier, 1958 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
La durée moyenne de résorption est de 90 degré-jours |
90.0 |
Carmie et al, 1985 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
60-70 [A post-hatching sub-gravel stage of 3 to 4 days'duration appears to be a normal feature of the life cycle of Arctic grayling in the Fond Lac River. The newly hatched fry possess large yolk sac wich are almost completely absorbed by the time they emerge. Also observed between 4-7 days at about 10°C] |
65.0 |
Kratt and Smith, 1977 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
About 100 [The young developed in the trays until most were free-swimming (24-29 days after fertilization) i.e. 10 days at 10°C] |
26.5 |
Kaya, 1989 |
| Cottus gobio |
The resorbtion of yolk requires 275 °D |
275.0 |
Spillmann, 1961 |
| Cottus gobio |
275-330 |
302.5 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Cottus gobio |
150 [10-15 at 10-12°C] |
12.5 |
Marconato and Bisazza, 1988 |
| Cottus gobio |
About 4 weeks |
4.0 |
Bagenal, 1971 |
| Cottus gobio |
Large yolk-sac absorbed in 10 days |
10.0 |
Tomlinson and Perrow, 2003 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
448 |
448.0 |
Makeeva and Emel'yanova, 1993 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
5-16 days after hatching, young have exhausted the yolk |
10.5 |
Grizzle, 1985 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
5-10 days |
7.5 |
Hecht, 1996 |
| Silurus glanis |
A yolk sac was present during the first 5 days (1-5 DPH) |
3.0 |
Kozaric et al, 2008 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
120-140 [Live without feeding for 10-14 days at 10-12°C] |
130.0 |
Belyanina, 1969 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
In talking about larval development, we refer to the period from hatching of the embryo from egg shell to full resorption of the vitelline sac. As the age of the smelt is counted in relative duration untis, the larval period falls in the age interval between 200 and 340 ts. The duration of the larval development may be counted easily for each temperature regime using the following formula: log ts (t) = 3.22665 -0.13876t + 0.00297t² where t is the temperature. For example, value ts is equal to 116 min at 10.8°C, so the duration of the total larval development at the given regime is 116 (min) x 140 (ts) = 16240 min or 11 days and 7 hours |
1.68 |
Mel'nikova and Gorodilov, 2006 |
| Osmerus eperlanus |
The yolk sac is fully absorbed at a total length of 8 mm, 9 days after hatching at 17.7°C. Smelt larvae with functional mouth and remaining yolk sac are already capable of performing exogenous feeding. |
8.0 |
Sepulveda, 1994 |
| Sander canadensis |
7-9 days |
8.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1998 |
| Acipenser brevirostrum |
34 days at 13 C |
442.0 |
Hardy and Litvak, 2004 |
| Acipenser brevirostrum |
25 days at 15 C |
375.0 |
Hardy and Litvak, 2004 |
| Acipenser brevirostrum |
21 at 18 C, 13 at 21 C |
378.0 |
Hardy and Litvak, 2004 |
| Acipenser brevirostrum |
25.6 days at 9 C, 10.6 days at 13 C |
25.6 |
Usvyatsov et al, 2012 |
| Pimephales promelas |
takes around 4 days at 25 C |
4.0 |
Ankley et al, 2001 |
| Esox niger |
6-8 days |
7.0 |
Underhill, 1949 |
| Etheostoma flabellare |
8-10 days |
9.0 |
Cooper, 1979 |
| Etheostoma flabellare |
Up to 27 days at 19.8-20.2 C |
20.0 |
Paine and Belon, 1986 |
| Etheostoma caeruleum |
between 12 and 19 days at 19.8-20.2 C |
20.0 |
Paine and Belon, 1984 |
| Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
7 days post-hatch at 20 C |
7.0 |
Colombo, 2007 |
| Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
all yolk absorbed at 11 days post-hatch |
11.0 |
Snyder, 2002 |
| Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
11 days at mean monthly temps of 19-21 C |
20.0 |
Snyder, 2002 |
| Scaphirhynchus albus |
12 days at 19 C |
12.0 |
Snyder, 2002 |
| Perca flavescens |
7-18 days at 20 C |
12.5 |
Mansueti, 1964 |
| Perca flavescens |
7-14 days |
10.5 |
Post and McQueen, 1988 |
| Esox lucius |
9 days till resportion |
9.0 |
Frost and Kipling, 1967 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
8 days at 28 C |
224.0 |
Mendoza et al, 2008 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Buckmeier et al, 2017 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5-7 days |
6.0 |
Buckmeier et al, 2017 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
8 days at 28 C |
224.0 |
Mendoza et al, 2002 |
| Cottus bairdi |
14 days at 10.5-13.3 C |
11.9 |
Bailey, 1952 |
| Esox americanus americanus |
10-12 days until yolk resorption |
11.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1998 |
| Esox americanus vermiculatus |
10-14 days on yolk |
12.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1998 |
| Micropterus dolomieu |
12 days |
12.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1998 |
| Lepisosteus osseus |
9 days @ 18.9-21.1 C |
20.0 |
Echelle and Riggs, 1972 |
| Catostomus commersonii |
18-20 days |
19.0 |
Munkittrick and Dixon, 1988 |
| Acipenser oxyrinchus |
10-14 days depending on water temperature |
12.0 |
Hilton et al, 2016 |
| Acipenser oxyrinchus |
10 days; 18-20 C |
19.0 |
Smith and Clugston, 1997 |
| Acipenser medirostris |
11 days 176.5 Degree-Days |
11.0 |
Kynard, 2005 |
| Leuciscus idus |
7.5-13.2 days 15.7 C |
10.35 |
Krupen et al, 2011 |
| Leuciscus idus |
24 days 12.3 C |
24.0 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Leuciscus idus |
7.5 days 23.0 C |
7.5 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
7 days @ 20-22 C |
21.0 |
French and Edsall, 1992 |
| Dorosoma cepedianum |
at 3 days old, only the vestige of the egg yolk remains |
3.0 |
Miller, 1960 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
72 days 11-13 C |
12.0 |
Atchison, 1975 |
| Menidia beryllina |
3 days |
3.0 |
Weltzien et al, 1999 |
| Xyrauchen texanus |
~8 days 21 C |
8.0 |
Papoulias and Minckley, 1990 |
| Xyrauchen texanus |
13 days 14 C |
13.0 |
Minckley and Gustafson, 1982 |
| Minytrema melanops |
7-12 days |
9.5 |
White, 1977 |
| Minytrema melanops |
8 days at 21.1-22.5 C |
21.8 |
Hogue and Buchanan, 1977 |
| Channa argus |
14 days |
14.0 |
Courtenay and Williams, 2004 |
| Salvelinus confluentus |
90 days (Temperature not given) |
90.0 |
Fraley, Bradley and Shepard, 1989 |
| Salvelinus confluentus |
65-90 days (temperature not given) |
77.5 |
Stewart et al, 2007c |
| Noturus stigmosus |
10 days 21-22 C |
21.5 |
Scheibly et al, 2008 |
| Noturus miurus |
12 days 25 C |
12.0 |
Burr and Mayden, 1982 |
| Noturus albater |
7 days 25 C |
7.0 |
Mayden et al, 1980 |
| Noturus stanauli |
13 days 22.8 C |
13.0 |
Shute, 2001 |
| Noturus placidus |
9 days 25 C |
9.0 |
Bulger, 1999 |
| Noturus placidus |
7 days 25 C |
7.0 |
Wilkinson and Edds, 1997 (cited in Bulger, 1999) |
| Noturus placidus |
7 days 25 C |
7.0 |
ESU, 1996 (cited in Bulger et al, 2002) |
| Noturus placidus |
9 days 25 C |
9.0 |
ESU, 1998 (cited in Bulger et al, 2002) |
| Noturus placidus |
8-10 days 25 C |
9.0 |
ESU, 1998 (cited in Bulger et al, 2002) |
| Noturus hildebrandi |
9-10 days 25 C |
9.5 |
Mayden and Walsh, 1984 |
| Noturus miurus |
12 days |
12.0 |
Burr and Mayden, 1982 |
| Noturus baileyi |
6 days 18-23 C |
20.5 |
Dinkins, 1984 |
| Noturus eleutherus |
14 days 24 C |
14.0 |
Starnes and Starnes, 1985 |
| Prosopium coulterii |
6 days 2.62-2.67 C |
2.65 |
Barnett et al, 2012 |
| Oncorhynchus aguabonita |
18 days 14.55 C |
18.0 |
Curtis, 1934 |
| Notropis girardi |
3 days |
3.0 |
Moore, 1944 |
| Acipenser transmontanus |
8-11 days 16-18 C |
9.5 |
Doroshov et al, 1983 |
| Acipenser transmontanus |
19.92 days 11 C |
19.92 |
Wang et al, 1985 |
| Acipenser fulvescens |
39.00 days 10C |
39.0 |
Wang et al, 1985 |
| Acipenser fulvescens |
9-18 days 15.6-17.8 C |
13.5 |
Scott and Crossman, 1998 |
| Alosa pseudoharengus |
3 days 21 C |
3.0 |
Norden, 1967 |
| Astyanax mexicanus |
4 days 24 C |
96.0 |
Riddle, 2019 |
| Osmerus mordax |
12 days |
12.0 |
Cooper, 1978 |
| Crystallaria cincotta |
10 days |
10.0 |
Ruble, 2014 |
| Thaleichthys pacificus |
21 days 11.6 C |
21.0 |
Howell, 2001 |
| Hypomesus olidus |
4 days 14 C |
4.0 |
Sato, 1952 |
| Fundulus diaphanus |
6-15 days at 20-24 C |
10.5 |
Jones and Tabery, 1980 |
| Etheostoma raneyi |
2-3 days at 15.6-17.2 C |
2.5 |
Ruble et al, 2019 |
| Lepomis gulosus |
4 days 25-26.4 C |
25.7 |
Larimore, 1957 |
| Entosphenus tridentatus |
10 days 13.5 C |
10.0 |
Wade and Beamish, 2012 |
| Entosphenus tridentatus |
30 days 18 C |
30.0 |
Reyes, 2008 |
| Dormitator latifrons |
3 days 26 C |
3.0 |
Rodriguez... et al, 2011 |
| Dormitator latifrons |
3.5 days @ 28 C |
3.5 |
Todd, 1975 |
| Erimyzon sucetta |
329hrs (~13 days) 21 C |
329.0 |
Shaklee et al, 1974 |
| Acipenser sturio |
The first excretion of the melanin plug occurred at 12 days post hatching + Nauplii were observed in the digestive tract for the first time at 16 dph at a mean weight of 31 mg. // baerii :Thus, confirming that this expulsion was not the consequence of the first feeding as previously reported for A. baerii |
12.0 |
Williot et al, 2005 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
20-31 days |
25.5 |
Goldchinfar et al, 2011 |
| Leuciscus idus |
4.0 |
4.0 |
Kupren et al, 2015 |
| Neogobius melanostomus |
7 days after hatching |
7.0 |
Bonislawska et al, 2013 |
| Acipenser ruthenus |
7 dph "Gastric glands became visible on the 7 dph. The primary intestine developed into the spiral intestine. At the moment of onset of exogenous feeding the yolk material was completely exhausted" |
7.0 |
Wegner et al, 2009 |
| Acipenser ruthenus |
7 dph at 18°C "The experimental rearing was initiated from 7 dph (after resorption of yolk sac) and continued until 38 dph in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Water temperature was maintained at 18°" |
7.0 |
Laczynska et al, 2017 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
8 days |
8.0 |
Aguilera et al, 2002 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
10-30 days |
20.0 |
Mendoza Alfaro et al, 2008 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
9-10 days |
9.5 |
Mendoza Alfaro et al, 2008 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
3-5 days |
4.0 |
Castillo et al, 2015 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
8 days |
8.0 |
Snow et al, 2015 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
6 |
6.0 |
Zhu et al, 2018 |
| Pomoxis annularis |
Adults of both species spawn for 6–8 weeks during late spring through early summer, exhibiting similar reproductive strategies as males build nests in the littoral zone (0.2- to 0.8-m depth) and then provide nest defence to incubating eggs (2–4 days) and embryos (i.e., yolk-sac larvae, 2-6 days) |
112.0 |
Bunnell et al, 2003 |
| Pomoxis annularis |
The incubation times for white crappies were shorter than those for smallmouth bass (1.9 versus 6.0 d for eggs and 4.9 versus 6.0 d for embryos at 18°C). |
88.0 |
Clark et al, 2008 |
| Pomoxis annularis |
Water temperatures at spawning ranged from 14 to 23 C. The average time between start of hatching and departure of broods from the nests was 95 hr (range, 51 to 162 hr). Larvae absorbed the yolk sac when 4.5 to 4.6 mm long |
1757.0 |
Siefert, 1968 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
250-513 |
381.5 |
Granier et al, 2011 |
| Acipenser baeri |
At onset of exogenous feeding (9 days post hatch), yolk sac reserves are not completely depleted from the cardiac stomach, suggesting a period of mixed nutrition. |
9.0 |
Gisbert et al, 2000 |
| Coregonus peled |
3 to 5 days after hatching |
3.0 |
Mack and Billard, 1984 |