Trait completeness | 96% |
Total data | 280 |
References | 43 |
Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved
Trait id | Trait | Primary data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Shortly after eggs are exposed to water they become highly adhesive | Adhesive | Malison and Held, 1996a |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive | Adhesive | Craig, 2000 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are quite adhesive and remain so for about 1 h until water-hardened | Adhesive | Colby, 1979 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are sticky at first but apparently not so after water hardening | Adhesive | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive [Once they have water hardened, they lose their adhesive nature and the eggs drift into crevices in rock rubble or gravel] | Adhesive | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive | Adhesive | Colsesante, 1996 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | The eggs have an adhesive coating that can act to attach them to the substrate over which thet have been broadca. Over the next several hours the eggs swell to about twice their original size and lose their adhesive quality | Adhesive | Malison and Held, 1996b |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Soon after fertilization the eggs were treated with a weak tannic acid solution to reduce adhesion and rinsed twice. Water was then added gradually and eggs were stirred with a feather occasionally to further reduce adhesion | Non-Adhesive | Johnston, 2007 |
5 | Incubation time | 11-13 [11-15°C] | 12.0 days | Craig, 2000 |
5 | Incubation time | 12-18 | 15.0 days | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
5 | Incubation time | 12-18 | 15.0 days | Fishbase, 2006 |
5 | Incubation time | 12-18, as early as 7 days [13.9°C] to 26 days [4.4°C] | 15.0 days | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
5 | Incubation time | 12-18 | 15.0 days | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
5 | Incubation time | 15.0 [Mean time to egg hatch within the range of average post-spawning the range post-spawning water temperatures] | 15.0 days | Olden, 2006 |
5 | Incubation time | 26 days at 5.5-12.2°C | 8.85 days | Hurley, 1972 |
5 | Incubation time | Days to 95% hatch 14-18 [At 12.4-12.9°C] and 14-19 [12.1-13.2°C] | 16.0 days | Oseid and Smith, 1971 |
5 | Incubation time | Days to median hatch: 34 days at [6°C], 27 [8.9°C], 15 [12°C], 10 [15.°C], 7 [18.1°C] | 34.0 days | Koenst and Smith, 1976 |
5 | Incubation time | 26 [At 4.4°C], 21 [At 10-12.8°C], 7 [At 13.9°C] | 11.4 days | Malison and Held, 1996b |
5 | Incubation time | 14 days, temperature not specified | 14.0 days | Moodie, 1989 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 120-150 [i.e. 11-13 days at 11-15°C] | 135.0 °C * day | Malison and Held, 1996a |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 120-150 [10 days at 12.8°C, 8.5 days at 17.8°C] | 135.0 °C * day | Colby, 1979 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 80-110 [At a temperature of 15°C] | 95.0 °C * day | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 100-120 [12-18 at about 6.7-8.9°C] | 110.0 °C * day | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 170-210 [Days to 95% hatch 14-18 [At 12.4-12.9°C] and 14-19 [12.1-13.2°C]] | 190.0 °C * day | Oseid and Smith, 1971 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | From less than 6°C to 19.2°C, optimum is 9-15°C [Walleye has the lowest temperature tolerance for embryos of all percids] | 12.0 °C | Colby, 1979 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | In our laboratory we normally incubate walleye eggs under a gradually increasing water temperature regime of approximatively 0.5°C per day from 10 to 15°C | 0.5 °C | Malison and Held, 1996a |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15°C [Recommended temperature of 15°C] | 15.0 °C | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated at 18.5 | 18.5 °C | Johnston and Mathias, 1994 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 5.5-13.9 [Mean temperature range from 42 to 57°F during the whole incubation] | 9.7 °C | Hurley, 1972 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 12-13°C | 12.5 °C | Oseid and Smith, 1971 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Water temperature was maintained at 12°C (±0.5°C) throughout the incubation period. This temperature is in the middle of the optimum range for walleye egg incubation | 12.0 °C | Johnston, 1997 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | The greatest overall mean percentage hatch was at incubation temperature of 9-15°C and the lowest at 21°C. There was no significant difference found in the percentage hatch between the incubation temperatures of 9-15°C | 12.0 °C | Koenst and Smith, 1976 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated in seperate chambers at 12°C | 12.0 °C | Johnston, 2007 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | The incubation room was held at 9°C during the fertilization trials and early incubation period (up to 10 hours after the final fertilization) then gradually increased to 12°C over the next 7 days | 9.0 °C | Johnston, 2008 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | During this water-hardening [2-3 hours] the eggs will swell to about twice their original volume] | 2.5 mm | Malison and Held, 1996b |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | The eggs swell after fertilization due to uptake of water | No data | Craig, 2000 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.5-2.0 [Not precised] | 1.75 mm | Mellinger, 2002 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.5-2.0 [Not precised] | 1.75 mm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.5-2 [Not specified] | 1.75 mm | Fishbase, 2006 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal [Drop into the cracks and crevices where they may be protected from predators] | Demersal | Colby, 1979 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal | Demersal | Craig, 2000 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal | Demersal | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal, on the bottom | Demersal | Fishbase, 2006 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Dead eggs floated to the top | Pelagic | Hurley, 1972 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.5-2.0 [May vary from 1.37-2.12] | 1.75 mm | Colby, 1979 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.4-2.1 [Not specified, seems to be unswollen] | 1.75 mm | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.4-2.1 | 1.75 mm | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.9 [Mean diameter of mature, fully yolked, ovarian oocyte] | 1.9 mm | Olden, 2006 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | Range from 1.37 to 2.12 [Not specified] | 1.37 mm | Johnston, 1997 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | The mean diameter of ripe walleyes was 1.72 (range 1.40-2.04), earlier description was 2.12 [Not specified] | 1.72 mm | Wolfert, 1969 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Temperature during larval development | 15-21 is the optimum | 18.0 °C | Colby, 1979 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | First 9-15 then 21°C | 12.0 °C | Krise and Meade, 1986 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 14-23 optimum T | 18.5 °C | Craig, 2000 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 18-20 | 19.0 °C | Li and Mathias, 1982 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 17-20°C | 18.5 °C | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 23°C optimal for fingerling growth | 23.0 °C | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Reared at 15, 18.5 and 22°C | 15.0 °C | Johnston and Mathias, 1994 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Feed acceptance and survival is greater at 18.4°C than at 12.8°C, and an ideal temperature range is 15.6-18.4, with 18.4°C as optimum/ | 17.0 °C | Summerfelt, 1996 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | The optimum ranges for fry survival are 15-21°C | 18.0 °C | Koenst and Smith, 1976 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Temperature ranged from 19 to 25 during the experiment | 19.0 °C | Moodie, 1989 |
10 | Reaction to light | Photopositive | Photopositive | Malison and Held, 1996b |
10 | Reaction to light | Fry are photopositive until they reach a length of 32 mm | Photopositive | Krise and Meade, 1986 |
10 | Reaction to light | Larvae are positively phototaxic from the time of hatching through the postlarval stage | Photopositive | Colby, 1979 |
10 | Reaction to light | Larvae and juveniles 1 to 8 weeks old (9 to 32 mm total length) were attracted to the highest light intensity (7800 lux), and juveniles older than 8 weeks (32 to 40 mm long) agrregated at the lowest intensities (2 and 4 lux) | Photopositive | Bulkowski and Meade, 1983 |
10 | Reaction to light | Walleye are strongly attracted to light before they reach 32 mm | Photopositive | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
10 | Reaction to light | Fry are attracted to light | Photopositive | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
10 | Reaction to light | Newly hatched fry are positively photactic, they will concentrate where the light intensity is the greatest | Photopositive | Colsesante, 1996 |
10 | Reaction to light | Photopositive fish larvae of walleye (Sander vitreus) and striped bass are attracted to the sides of the tanks (mirror effect) in light-rearing conditions, which negatively affects prey consumption | Photopositive | Jentoft, 2006 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Some cannibaslim was noted especially near the end of yolk absorption | Absent | Hurley, 1972 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism is one of the most important source sof predation and in some situations amon fry, it may be the principal factor | Present | Colby, 1979 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism among fry of other piscivorous fish species such as walleyes has greatly reduces production during intensive culture | Present | Braid, 1981 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | """Cohort cannibalism"" behavior dissapeared by the time larvae had reached about 16-19 mm" | Present | Li and Mathias, 1982 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | The occurrence of cannibalism is reported from ages 6 to 16 days after hatching (120-214 DD). Population fry can be decimated unless steps are taken to control cannibalism | Present | Krise and Meade, 1986 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism among other piscivorous fish species such as walleye can greattl reduce production during intensive culture in floating cages | Present | Katavic, 1989 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism produced severe mortality | Present | Moodie, 1989 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | "Cannibalism is frequent in predatory fishes, from ages 6 to 16, related to fish density [Mostly ""Type I ]cannibalism""" | Present | Bry, 1992 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Present | Present | Hecht and Pienaar, 1993 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Canibalism can occur in first-feeding fry | Absent | Colsesante, 1996 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Most mortality from cohort cannibaslim occurs from trunk attacks, not the result of successful consumption f the prey, which is from the tail first. Cannibalism begin as the fry begin feeding | Present | Summerfelt, 1996 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Larvae are cannibalistic on their siblings [Cannibalism by adults also takes place weh nlarvae are > 18 mm] | Present | Craig, 2000 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Walleye may turn cannibalistic at two stages during their early life stages. The first stage occurs within a week after hatching if zooplnakton is scarce in ponds, and the second stage develops about midsummer, when the young walleye are ready to feed on fish | Present | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | 100-127 | 113.5 °C * day | Krise and Meade, 1986 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | 80-100 [i.e. 5 days at 18-20] | 90.0 °C * day | Mathais and Li, 1982 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | Feeding takes place before the yolk is fully absorbed | No data | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | [9-12 days at 53-57°F or 11.5-15.5] | 10.5 °C * day | Hurley, 1972 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | At a mean temperature of 16.4°C, the yolk sac dissapears in the 5th day posthatch, about 68 TU, but it may persist up to 13 days at temperature of 13.2°C. Also reported that the yolk sac dissapeared in 10-11 days | 10.5 °C * day | Summerfelt, 1996 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | 100-122 | 111.0 °C * day | Krise and Meade, 1986 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Feeding takes place prior to disappearance of yolk | No data | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Walleye larvae commenced feeding at a mean length of 9 mm during this study | 9.0 °C * day | Johnston and Mathias, 1994 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | The initiation of exogeneous feeding occurs between 100 and 120DD | 100.0 °C * day | Colsesante, 1996 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Initiation of feeding 100-120 | 110.0 °C * day | Summerfelt, 1996 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Around days 5 and 6 at 19-25, mean of 22.3°C | 22.0 °C * day | Moodie, 1989 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6-9.5 [Mean 7.6] | 7.75 mm | Malison and Held, 1996b |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.0-8.6 | 7.3 mm | Craig, 2000 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.0-8.6 | 7.3 mm | Colby, 1979 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.8-9.5 [Extreme values] | 7.15 mm | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.0-8.6 | 7.3 mm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.8 | 6.8 mm | Balon, 1977 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.0-8.6 | 7.3 mm | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.0-8.6 | 7.3 mm | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
8 | Initial larval size | 7.3 | 7.3 mm | Olden, 2006 |
8 | Initial larval size | 6.3-7.6 | 6.95 mm | Oseid and Smith, 1971 |
8 | Initial larval size | Total length at hatching range from 8.0 to 8.9 | 8.0 mm | Johnston, 1997 |
8 | Initial larval size | Descirbed as 4.8, 6-9, 6-8.6, 7.1, 5.7-7.8 | 7.5 mm | Summerfelt, 1996 |
8 | Initial larval size | Mean size at hatch: 6.0 At 6°C], 7.3 [8.9°C], 7.8 [12.0°C], 7.2 [15.0°C], 8 [18°C] | 6.0 mm | Koenst and Smith, 1976 |
8 | Initial larval size | Range between 7.44 to 7.81, one day after hatching | 7.44 mm | Moodie, 1989 |
8 | Initial larval size | 8.53 +/- 0.05 mm at hatching | 8.53 mm | Johnston, 2007 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Fry are pelagic | Pelagic | Malison and Held, 1996b |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Embryos characteistically suspend themselves at the water surface, vertically, with head up and ventral abdominal surface of the yolk and oil near the surface | Demersal | Krise and Meade, 1986 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | The fry are able to swim and feed within one week after hatching | Demersal | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | As the young walleye began to hatch, they usually swam to the surface of the side-arm tube | Demersal | Hurley, 1972 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Walleye larvae typically leave the spawning bed immediatly after hatching | Demersal | Johnston, 1997 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | The prolarvae are weak swimmers, so water currents in culture banks should be low, because larvae are quickly exhausted | Demersal | Summerfelt, 1996 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | No | Absent | Colby, 1979 |
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Females typically grow much larger than males | Absent | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Females tend to grow faster than males | Absent | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 16.3 [May, prior to spawning] | 16.3 percent | Craig, 2000 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 24.1-27.8 in certain areas | 25.95 percent | Colby, 1979 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | About 16-17 [April] | 16.5 percent | Malison, 1994 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Mean of 16, can reach 20-22 [April] | 21.0 percent | Henderson, 1996 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | About 20% [End of March] | 20.0 percent | June, 1977 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Summary statistics for mature adult walleye: mean GSI = 10.99 ± 0.34 [Trout Lake], 25.52 ± 0.42 [Winefred Lake], 13.46 ± 0.30 [Lake Winnipeg], 16.47 ± 0.44 [Lake of the woods], 18.57 ± 0.57 [Lac Beauchêne], 17.40 ± 0.34 [Lake Nipissing], 28.59 ± 1.05 [Lake Ontario] | 10.99 percent | Moles, 2008 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | From October to April | No data | Malison, 1994 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | From Mid-Summer to as early as mid-January | No data | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | < 10°C minimal temperature for gonad development | 10.0 months | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 28-120 | 74.0 thousand eggs/kg | Malison, 1998 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Average 60, but range 28-120 | 74.0 thousand eggs/kg | Malison and Held, 1996b |
19 | Relative fecundity | 29-82 Mean average | 55.5 thousand eggs/kg | Colby, 1979 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 30-65 | 47.5 thousand eggs/kg | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-4 [Sex specified] | 3.0 years | Malison and Held, 1996a |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-4 [Sex specified] | 3.0 years | Colby, 1979 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-4 [Sex specified] | 3.0 years | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-4 [Male] | 3.0 years | Fishbase, 2006 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-4 [Males] | 3.0 years | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 5.5 [Both sex] | 5.5 years | Olden, 2006 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2 [Male] | 2.0 years | Goubier, 1977 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | All age-II males were mature in the eastern basin but only 96% of those in the western basin were mature | 2.0 years | Wolfert, 1969 |
26 | Resting period | By late spring, ovaries were already filled with a large number of non-vitellogenic oocytes, indicating that female have a relatively short post-spawning quiescient period | No data | Malison and Held, 1996b |
26 | Resting period | From May to October | No data | Malison, 1994 |
26 | Resting period | Walleye have a relatively short post-spawning quiescent period | No data | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
26 | Resting period | 0.7 [July to August] | 0.7 months | Craig, 2000 |
26 | Resting period | <1% July to August | 1.0 months | Colby, 1979 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | September [In October the GSI is already 4.7%] | ['October', 'September'] | Colby, 1979 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | October [7.6% in November] | ['October', 'November'] | Malison, 1994 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | By Mid-summer, yolky vesicles are observed in most of the oocytes, and GIS rises rapidly during autum | ['August', 'July', 'September'] | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | August, mostly in September | ['August', 'September'] | Henderson, 1996 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | Beginning of September | ['September'] | June, 1977 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | January-February | ['February', 'January'] | Malison, 1994 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | December-January | ['January', 'December'] | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | Increase regularly from September until March, January ? | ['March', 'January', 'September'] | Henderson, 1996 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | November to December then increases slowly | ['November', 'December'] | June, 1977 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous ovarian developpement | Group-synchronous | Malison, 1998 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Malison and Held, 1996a |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous ovarian developpement | Group-synchronous | Malison, 1994 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 612 for a female of 80 cm | 612.0 thousand eggs | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 48 to 614 | 48.0 thousand eggs | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 48-614 | 331.0 thousand eggs | Wolfert, 1969 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Fecundity for a 17-in walleye ranged from 41,061 to 53,009 eggs | 17.0 thousand eggs | Schueller, 2005 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | Size greater than 36 | 36.0 cm | Malison and Held, 1996b |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 35.6-43.2 | 39.4 cm | Colby, 1979 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 35.6-43.2 | 39.4 cm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 36 [Female] | 36.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 32 [Both sex] | 32.0 cm | Olden, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | Female sampled from the Swam Creek spawning population ranged in size from 450 to 770 mm FL | 450.0 cm | Johnston, 1997 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 47 | 47.0 cm | Goubier, 1977 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | The total length of the smallest mature female from the eastern basin was 433 mm, about 50% were mature at 450 mm and all were mature at 540 mm. The smallest mature female from the western basin was 378 mm long, 50% were mature at 430 mm and all were mature at 510 mm | 433.0 cm | Wolfert, 1969 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | Fork length, population of Manitoba 625 +/-15, and Ontario 663 +/-12 | 625.0 cm | Johnston, 2007 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | The length of walleyes used in the fecundity sample ranged from 11.0 to 24.7 inches and averaged 17.1 (SD= 2.4 in.) | 11.0 cm | Schueller, 2005 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | In the wild, females mature at 3-6 years | 4.5 year | Malison and Held, 1996b |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-6 | 4.5 year | Colby, 1979 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-6 | 4.5 year | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-6 [Female] | 4.5 year | Fishbase, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-6 [Females] | 4.5 year | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 5.5 [Both sex] | 5.5 year | Olden, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Female sampled from the Swam Creek spawning population ranged in age from 5 to 22 years | 5.0 year | Johnston, 1997 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [Female] | 3.0 year | Goubier, 1977 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Not females mature before age III and all matured by age V. Females from the eastern basin were about 50 and 92% mature at ages III and IV, respectively. Females from the western basin were about 85% mature at age III and almost 99% mature at age IV. Females from Lake Erie matured primarily at ages IV and possibly at V and few fish were mature at age II | 4.0 year | Wolfert, 1969 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Females ranged in age from 5 to 18 years, and from 6 to 18 years in the Lake Manitoba and Lake Ontario trials. For both populations, this age range covered the majority of spawning females seen in recent spawning runs | 5.0 year | Johnston, 2007 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Age at 50% maturity ranged from 3.89 to 4.88 years | 4.5 year | Schueller, 2005 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | No | Absent | Colby, 1979 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | September, GSI rise significantly and stay relatively constant until March | ['March', 'September'] | Malison, 1994 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | August | ['August'] | Henderson, 1996 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 4.3 [October and stay relatively constant after or slight decrease] | 4.3 percent | Colby, 1979 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | Mean 3.2%, up to 3.7% [Prior to spawning, April] | 3.2 percent | Malison, 1994 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 4% in August and also 3.3 in April, prior to spawning | 4.0 percent | Henderson, 1996 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | Summary statistics for mature adult walleye: mean GSI = 1.87 ± 0.07 [Trout Lake], 2.97 ± 0.12 [Winefred Lake], 1.35 ± 0.06 [Lake Winnipeg], 1.20 ± 0.15 [Lake of the woods], 2.50 ± 0.11 [Lac Beauchêne], 2.05 ± 0.09 [Lake Nipissing], 3.38 ± 0.19 [Lake Ontario] | 1.87 percent | Moles, 2008 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | March [Also very important in September] | ['March', 'September'] | Malison, 1994 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | Mostly August-september then remained slowly decreased until March, slight increase | ['August', 'March'] | Henderson, 1996 |
35 | Resting period | 0.2 [June-July] | 0.2 months | Colby, 1979 |
35 | Resting period | <1% [From May through September] | 1.0 months | Malison, 1994 |
34 | Spermatogenesis duration | From October until December | No data | Malison, 1994 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | >28 [Sex specified] | 28.0 cm | Malison and Held, 1996a |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | >27.9 [Sex specified] | 27.9 cm | Colby, 1979 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | >27.9 [Sex specified] | 27.9 cm | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 28, [Male] | 28.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 32 [Both sex] | 32.0 cm | Olden, 2006 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 36.8 | 36.8 cm | Goubier, 1977 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | NO INFORMATIONS | No data | Schueller, 2005 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
47 | Mating system | One female and two flanking males, with other males in close pursuit, but larger groups occured occasionally with maxim of two females and six males | Promiscuity | Colby, 1979 |
47 | Mating system | Spawning takes place in groups, one larger female and one or two smaller males or two females and up to six males | Promiscuity | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
47 | Mating system | Occurs in small groups: a larger female and two smaller adults or two females and up to six males | Promiscuity | Fishbase, 2006 |
47 | Mating system | Generally involves groups of one large feamle and two smaller males or two females and up to six males | Promiscuity | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
47 | Mating system | Group, communal promiscuity: females spawn with one or more males, males show no territoriality, two to five or six males around one female, female attended by several males. | Promiscuity | Ah-King, 2004 |
47 | Mating system | Any particular pair of fish. The spawning act culminates in a rush to the surface by a female and two flanking males, with other males in close pursuit and a turning or pushing of the female onto its side which indicates spawning has occured | No category | Malison and Held, 1996b |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Females can completely spawn in one night | Night | Malison and Held, 1996b |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Essentially nocturnal spawners, but walleye were seen spawning in daylight | Ambiguous | Corbett and Powles, 1986 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Night | Night | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Deposition of eggs usually occurs in a single night | Night | Fishbase, 2006 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawing takes place most often at night | Night | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
50 | Parental care | No parental care | No category | Craig, 2000 |
50 | Parental care | Do not provide any parental care | No category | Malison and Held, 1996a |
50 | Parental care | No parental care | No category | Colby, 1979 |
50 | Parental care | Males are not territorial | No category | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
50 | Parental care | Non guarders | No care | Fishbase, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | No parental care | No category | Ah-King, 2004 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Over gravel and rubble shoals, gravel bottoms of inlet stream,or flooded wetland vegetation | Ambiguous | Malison and Held, 1996b |
44 | Spawning substrate | Over various bottom types (sand, gravel, sometimes vegetation) where sediments and sufficient exchanges or movement of water permit an adequate supply of oxygen | Ambiguous | Colby, 1979 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Survival of egg was best on gravel-rubble | Lithophils | Corbett and Powles, 1986 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Rocky areas, boulder, or coarse-gravel shoals | Lithophils | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Typical spawning sites include gravel-rubble shoals, gravel-cobble subtrates | Lithophils | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Lithophils | Lithophils | Balon, 1975 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Rocky areas | Lithophils | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Walleye were found on rubble or gravel bottoms of major tributaries | Lithophils | June, 1977 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Do not build nests, eggs are broadcast onto suitable susbrates | Open water/substratum scatter | Malison and Held, 1996b |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No nest is built | Open water/substratum scatter | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open water/substratum egg scatterers | Open water/substratum scatter | Fishbase, 2006 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Male are not territorial and no nest is built [Eggs are broadcast at random over suitable substrate] | Open water/substratum scatter | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open substratum spawner | Open water/substratum scatter | Balon, 1975 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | They do not fan nests like other similar species, but instead broadcast eggs over oepn ground, which reduces their ability to survive environmental stresses | Open water/substratum scatter | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Broadcast spawner, no territories | Open water/substratum scatter | Ah-King, 2004 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 6.7-8.9°C [Range of 5.6-11.1] | 7.8 °C | Colby, 1979 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Peak spawning at 5.6-10°C | 7.8 °C | Malison and Held, 1996b |
41 | Spawning temperature | Water warms to 4-7°C | 5.5 °C | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 6.7-8.9 [Shortly after ice breaks up] | 7.8 °C | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 6-11 | 8.5 °C | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Generally begins at 5-10°C, with peak activity in the 7-8°C range | 7.5 °C | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 5.6-11.1°C | 8.35 °C | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 4 [Temperature at which spawning is typically initiated] | 4.0 °C | Olden, 2006 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Many authors have reported that walleye spawning occurs at 6-12°C | 9.0 °C | Koenst and Smith, 1976 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Usually 1-2 in any given location | 1.5 weeks | Malison and Held, 1996b |
40 | Spawning period duration | 1-4 [Males precedes the arrival of female to the spawning grounds and remain for a number of days after the female have left] | 2.5 weeks | Colby, 1979 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Males moves to the spawing grounds first | No data | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 1-2 weeks | 1.5 weeks | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
42 | Spawning water type | Streams and lakes | Stagnant water | Colby, 1979 |
42 | Spawning water type | Inlet streams, flooded wetland vegetation | No category | Malison and Held, 1996b |
42 | Spawning water type | Quiet border waters, slow-moving water | No category | Corbett and Powles, 1986 |
42 | Spawning water type | White water below impassable falls and dams in rivers, lakes | Stagnant water | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
42 | Spawning water type | Turbid streams and rivers, rocky wave-shaded shallows of lakes or flooded wetland vegetation | Stagnant water | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
42 | Spawning water type | White water or shoals of lakes | Stagnant water | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow waters: from a few centimeters to several meters, as shallow as 10.1 cm to 4.57 m | 10.1 m | Colby, 1979 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow waters | No data | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
43 | Spawning depth | Spawn at depth of 4 cm to 3 m | 4.0 m | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | The majority of a spawning population, in most waters. migrates less than 16 km from its spawning grounds, even in large bodies of waters, most do not migrate further than 5 km, other study showed migrations of 20.5 (11 to 58) | 16.0 km | Colby, 1979 |
37 | Spawning migration period | In the spring, prior to spawning | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Colby, 1979 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Spawning migrations start at 3.3-6.7°C | No data | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
39 | Spawning season | Early spring, as early as February in southern areas and can extend into July | ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'February'] | Malison, 1998 |
39 | Spawning season | Early spring, as early as February in southern areas and can extend into July | ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'February'] | Malison and Held, 1996b |
39 | Spawning season | As early as January-February, and as late as June | ['February', 'January', 'June'] | Colby, 1979 |
39 | Spawning season | April | ['April'] | Corbett and Powles, 1986 |
39 | Spawning season | Walleye are one of the first species to spawn in the spring, shortly after ice break-up. Early to mid-April | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Malison, 1994 |
39 | Spawning season | Early spring in southern areas to July un nothern extremes | ['April', 'May', 'July', 'June'] | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
39 | Spawning season | In the spring or early summer [Early April, to end of June in North] | ['April', 'May', 'September', 'August', 'June', 'July'] | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
39 | Spawning season | April-June | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Fishbase, 2006 |
39 | Spawning season | Spring spawner | No data | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
39 | Spawning season | Spring and early summer | ['August', 'July', 'September'] | Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3 |
39 | Spawning season | Mean peak spawning 4 May [Range: 12 April-29 May] in Lake Oahe, South and North Dakota | ['April', 'May'] | June, 1977 |
39 | Spawning season | Ripe ova were collected from individual females on 5 May and 6 May | ['May'] | Johnston, 2007 |
39 | Spawning season | Sampling was conducted during the spring spawning period from 2002 to 2004, dates of sampling varied from early April in the south to late May in the north | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Moles, 2008 |
39 | Spawning season | Walleye were sampled from a lake-spawning stock from eastern Lake Ontario in the Bay of Quinte (44°OO' N, 76°40' W) on 22 April 2004 and from a riverine-spawning stock from eastern Lake Erie in the Grand River (42°52' N, 79°30' W) on 22 and 23 April 2004 | ['April'] | Johnston, 2008 |
38 | Homing | Mature walleyes tend to return to the same spawning grounds year after year | Present | Colby, 1979 |
38 | Homing | Return to their local location to spawn | Present | Craig, 2000 |
38 | Homing | Reproductive homing to the same spawning site is known to occur | Present | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |
48 | Spawning release | Once a year | Total | Craig, 2000 |
48 | Spawning release | Batch spawner, with one clear seasonal peak per year | Ambiguous | Fishbase, 2006 |
48 | Spawning release | 200-300 eggs released per each spawning act, with acts repeated at 5-min intervals, waleye randomly broadcats eggs onto suitable substrates | No category | Malison and Held, 1996b |
48 | Spawning release | Broacast-spawners, the act of emission may occur some distance off the bottom and the eggs settle gradually to the substrate below | No category | Corbett and Powles, 1986 |
48 | Spawning release | Apparently most individual females deposit most of their eggs in one night of spawning | No category | Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
49 | Parity | Spawn annually | No category | Malison and Held, 1996b |
49 | Parity | Walleye have been known to live as long as 26 years | No category | Kerr and Grant, 1999 |