Scott and Crossman, 1973


Citation

Scott, W.P. and Crossman, E.J. (1973) Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax (Mitchill). Fisheries Research Board of Canada, pp. 310-317

Associated characteristics

Species Development state Trait Primary Data Secondary Data
Alosa sapidissima Egg Egg size after water-hardening 2.5-3.5 [Fertilized eggs] 3.0 mm
Alosa sapidissima Egg Egg Buoyancy Only slightly heavier than water, they settle singly and are carried along by the current No category
Alosa sapidissima Egg Egg adhesiveness Non-adhesive Non-Adhesive
Alosa sapidissima Egg Incubation time 8-12 days at 11-15°C 10.0 days
Alosa sapidissima Egg Temperature for incubation 11-15 13.0 °C
Alosa sapidissima Egg Degree-days for incubation 120-140 [8-12 days at 11-15°C] 130.0 °C * day
Alosa sapidissima Larvae Initial larval size 9-10 9.5 mm
Alosa sapidissima Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 [Not specified] 4.5 year
Alosa sapidissima Female Length at sexual maturity 45-48 [Not specified] 46.5 cm
Alosa sapidissima Female Absolute fecundity Average of 125.166 [Range 58-390] 224.0 thousand eggs
Alosa sapidissima Male Age at sexual maturity 4-5 [Not specified] 4.5 years
Alosa sapidissima Male Length at sexual maturity 45-48 [Not specified] 46.5 cm
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Peak of spawning run occurs at temperature of about 18.3°C No data
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June, but even as late as July ['May', 'June', 'July']
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Spawning period duration The males arrive on the spawning grounds first, soon followed by the females No data
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 12 and will continue until temperaure do not drop below this point 12.0 °C
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Spawning water type Rarely if ever in lakes Stagnant water
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No, eggs are released in the open water Open water/substratum scatter
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Spawning took place in the evening after sundown and continued until midnight or even later Night
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Mating system During the spawning act, the female is accompanied by several males No category
Alosa sapidissima Spawning conditions Parity After spawning, the spent fish begin to drop back to salt water and vanish until the next spawning season [Some might die] Semelparous
Carassius auratus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.2-1.5 1.35 mm
Carassius auratus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Carassius auratus Egg Incubation time 3-4 [15.5-29.5], 64-72 hours [24-28°C], 76 hours at [25°C] 3.5 days
Carassius auratus Egg Temperature for incubation 24-28 [But could be incubated at 15.5-29.5] 26.0 °C
Carassius auratus Egg Degree-days for incubation About 70-90 80.0 °C * day
Carassius auratus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercles fune, on opercles, sometimes on back, and a few on pectotal fins of breeding males Present
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Seeks warm, weedy shallows Stagnant water
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Submerged aquatic plants or willow roots Phytophils
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No, deposit its eggs No category
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Spawning most often occurs in bright sunny mornings Day
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Mating system The female may be accompanied by two or more males No category
Cyprinus carpio Egg Oocyte diameter About 1.0 1.0 mm
Cyprinus carpio Egg Egg adhesiveness The adhesive eggs […] become attached to submerged weeds, grasses, or roots Adhesive
Cyprinus carpio Egg Incubation time They concluded that eggs laid on the marsh vegetation would normally hatch within 3-6 days after fertilization depending on water temperature 4.5 days
Cyprinus carpio Female Absolute fecundity Eggs numbers ranging from 36,000 eggs in a 15.5-inch (394 mm) fish to 2,208,000 eggs in a 33.5 inch (851 mm) fish. The latter weighed 22.23 pounds (10.1 kg) 36.0 thousand eggs
Cyprinus carpio Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercles fine and scattered Present
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Adults move into weedy and grassy shallows No data
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning season Carp spawn in the spring and summer […] ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Spawning may continue for several weeks […] Spawning is usually extended when water temperatures permit and in the Great Lakes region may extend from May to August No data
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Spawning does not commence in earnest until temperatures reach a level of at least 62.6°F (17°C) and may continue for several weeks. Spawning activities begin to decline when temperatures reach 78.8°F (26°C) and cease altogether at 82.4°F (28°C). In lake St. Lawrence, it was observed that spawning may be interrupted if cooler wheather prevails and the temperature drops below 62.6°F (17°C), but will recommence when the water warms up again 62.6 °C
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning water type Weedy and grassy shallows Stagnant water
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning depth Many an early morning, the bass fisherman, casting into weedy shallows, has been startled by the sudden arrival of one or more groups of spawning carp No data
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Submerged weeds, grasses or roots Phytophils
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited randomly Susbtrate chooser
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Warm sunny morning Day
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Mating system Usually a female will be accompanied by 2 or 3 males No category
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Parental care Not described in that review No category
Esox masquinongy Egg Egg size after water-hardening 2.5-3.5 [Fertilized eggs] 3.0 mm
Esox masquinongy Egg Egg Buoyancy Semidermersal Demersal
Esox masquinongy Egg Egg adhesiveness Apparently non-adhesive Non-Adhesive
Esox masquinongy Egg Incubation time 8-14 days at 11.7-17.2 11.0 days
Esox masquinongy Egg Temperature for incubation 11.7-17.2 14.45 °C
Esox masquinongy Egg Degree-days for incubation 130-160 [8-14 days at 11.7-17.2] 145.0 °C * day
Esox masquinongy Larvae Initial larval size 9.5-10.3 9.9 mm
Esox masquinongy Larvae Larvae behaviour May remain dormant in the vegetation for about 10 days or until the yolk is consumed, at which they become active and begin feeding Demersal
Esox masquinongy Female Age at sexual maturity 3-5 [No apparent difference in age at attainment of maturity] 4.0 year
Esox masquinongy Female Absolute fecundity 6-265 [Usual number of about 120] 135.5 thousand eggs
Esox masquinongy Male Age at sexual maturity 3-5 [No apparent difference in age at attainment of maturity] 4.0 years
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring spawner ususally in late April to late May [Spawns shortly after the ice has smelted] ['April', 'May', 'June']
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Spawning usually last no more than a week No data
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 9.4-15 [Optimum is 12.8°C] 12.2 °C
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning water type Flooded areas No category
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning depth 30-50 cm [15-20 inches deep] 40.0 m
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Heavy vegetated flooded areas No category
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nest is built Open water/substratum scatter
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Daytime Day
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Mating system One female with one, or at times two smaller males Monogamy
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning release The spawning act is carried out many times at irregular intervals over several days Multiple
Esox niger Egg Oocyte diameter About 2 2.0 mm
Esox niger Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Esox niger Egg Egg adhesiveness Slightly adhesive Adhesive
Esox niger Egg Incubation time 6-12 9.0 days
Esox niger Larvae Initial larval size 4.2-7.0 5.6 mm
Esox niger Larvae Larvae behaviour They sink to the bottom where they attch themsleves to vegetation by an adhesive gland on the tip og the snout Demersal
Esox niger Female Age at sexual maturity 3-4 [Both sex] 3.5 year
Esox niger Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 [Both sex] 3.5 years
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring spawner [But in certain areas, spawns in fall] ['April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Lasts no more than 7-10 days 8.5 weeks
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 8.3-11.1 9.7 °C
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning water type Flood benches of streams, lakes or ponds, very shrotly after the ice melts Stagnant water
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning depth 1 to 3 m deep [3-10 feet deep] 6.5 m
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nests are built Open water/substratum scatter
Esox niger Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Daytime Day
Esox niger Spawning conditions Mating system A single female, accompagnied by one or two usually smaller males, swims slowly about a random way No category
Esox niger Spawning conditions Spawning release Spawning act is carried out at various intervals over 1 or 2 days No category
Esox lucius Egg Oocyte diameter 2.5-3 2.75 mm
Esox lucius Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Esox lucius Egg Egg adhesiveness Very adhesive, and remain attached to the vegetation of the spawning area Adhesive
Esox lucius Egg Incubation time 12-14 days at prevailing water temperatures, but 4-5 days at 17.8-20°C 13.0 days
Esox lucius Egg Degree-days for incubation 100 100.0 °C * day
Esox lucius Larvae Initial larval size 6-8 7.0 mm
Esox lucius Larvae Larvae behaviour They remain inactive, often attached to vegetation by means of adhesive glans on the head, for 6-10 days, and feed on the stored yolk Demersal
Esox lucius Female Age at sexual maturity 3-4 in the south and 6 in the north [Female] 3.5 year
Esox lucius Female Relative fecundity Estimated as 9/ pound !! 9.0 thousand eggs/kg
Esox lucius Female Absolute fecundity 32 is the average number for mature female 32.0 thousand eggs
Esox lucius Male Age at sexual maturity 2-3 in south and 5 in north [Male] 2.5 years
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Spawning run began on April 11 with a single female, rose rapidly to a peak in numbers of fish by April 18, declined rapidly and ended by April 20 [Mean temperature about 9°C] ['April']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning season April-early May, just after ice melts ['April', 'May']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 4.4-11.1 7.75 °C
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning water type Rivers, marshes and bays of larger lakes Stagnant water
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate On heavily vegetated floodplains No category
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nest is built, the eggs are scattered at radom Open water/substratum scatter
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Generally, spawns during daylight hours Day
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Mating system The sexes pair at spawning time and a larger female is usually attended by one or two smaller males No category
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning release The spawning act is repeated many times during the day for 2-5 days [Usually in numbers of 5-60 at each spawning act] No category
Lota lota Egg Oocyte diameter 0.5 before extrusion, but up to 1.25 and 1.77 0.5 mm
Lota lota Egg Incubation time 30 days at 5.5°C 30.0 days
Lota lota Egg Temperature for incubation 5.5 5.5 °C
Lota lota Egg Degree-days for incubation 150 150.0 °C * day
Lota lota Female Age at sexual maturity Usually in the 3-4 [Both sex] 3.5 year
Lota lota Female Length at sexual maturity 28-48 [Both sex] 38.0 cm
Lota lota Female Absolute fecundity From 45.6 for a 343-mm female to 1,362.077 to a 643-mm female 45.6 thousand eggs
Lota lota Male Age at sexual maturity Usually in the 3-4 [Both sex] 3.5 years
Lota lota Male Length at sexual maturity 28.0-48.0 [For female but males usually mature at a smaller size] 38.0 cm
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning season Spawns in mid-winter under the ice: from November to May, but mainly in January to March in Canada ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'November']
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Males arrive on the spawning ground first, followed in 3 or 4 days by the female 3.0 weeks
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Usually 0.6-1.7°C 1.15 °C
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning water type Shallow bays, usually spawn in the lake they are also know to move into rivers to spawn Stagnant water
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning depth Usually at 0.3-1.20 m (1-4 feet) of water, but circumstantial evidence that burbit spawn in deep water 0.75 m
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand or gravel bottom Lithophils
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nest is built Open water/substratum scatter
Lota lota Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Spawning activity takes place only at night and the grounds are deserted in the daytime Day
Lota lota Spawning conditions Mating system The actual spawning activity is said to take place at in a writhing ball about 2 feet in diameter, which moves over the bottom and is made up of 10-12 intertwined and constantly moving individuals No category
Lota lota Spawning conditions Parental care No care is given to the young No care
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-1.7 1.6 mm
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive to each other Adhesive
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Incubation time 7 [19°C] 7.0 days
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Temperature for incubation 19 19.0 °C
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Degree-days for incubation About 135 135.0 °C * day
Gasterosteus aculeatus Larvae Initial larval size 4.2-5 4.6 mm
Gasterosteus aculeatus Female Age at sexual maturity 1 [Both sex] 1.0 year
Gasterosteus aculeatus Male Age at sexual maturity 1 [Both sex] 1.0 years
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning season Generally in June-July, but from April to September ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sandy areas Psammophils
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation The nest is constructed of small twigs and plant debris, held together by the mucilaginous kidney secretion emitted by the male No category
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are laid in clusters Fractional
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards the newly hatched fish until they are able to care for themselves Male parental care
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning season Summer ['July', 'August', 'September']
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Among the weeds Phytophils
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Both sex are aggresive in breeding season. The male builts a nest, usually off the bottom, in the plants, using fragments of aquatic vegetation bound together (gluing) by the threadlike, kidney secretion that hardens on contact with water Nest built by both parents
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Mating system As many as 7 females may be encouraged to deposit eggs in one nest No category
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning release 20-30 batches of eggs Multiple
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Parental care The nest is guarded by the male who engages in considerable fanning at the entrance, causing a current ot flow through the nest and aerate the eggs within [The male may build a second nest] Male parental care
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Incubation time 3-4 days at 20.5-21°C 3.5 days
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Temperature for incubation 20.5-21 20.75 °C
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Degree-days for incubation 60-80 [3-4 days at 20.5-21°C] 70.0 °C * day
Ambloplites rupestris Female Absolute fecundity 3-11 7.0 thousand eggs
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning season Late spring and ealry summer, probably June in Canada ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15.6-21.1 18.35 °C
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Swamps and gravels shoals Lithophils
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation The male digs a shallow nest Susbtrate chooser
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Mating system More than one female may spawn in the same nest and one female may spawn in more than one nest No category
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning release Spawing takes place at short intervals over a period of 1 hour or more but only a few eggs are laid at time No category
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Parental care The male guards and fans the eggs and later brrods the young for a short period Male parental care
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Oocyte diameter About 1 1.0 mm
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhere to the bottom of the nest on soil particles, small stones, roots and sticks Adhesive
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Incubation time 3 [At 28°C] 3.0 days
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Temperature for incubation 28.0 28.0 °C
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Degree-days for incubation 84, i.e. 3 days at 28°C 84.0 °C * day
Lepomis gibbosus Female Age at sexual maturity 2 [Not specified] 2.0 year
Lepomis gibbosus Female Absolute fecundity Average number of 1.684-2.923 [Range from 0.6-2.923] 2.3 thousand eggs
Lepomis gibbosus Male Age at sexual maturity 2 [Not specified] 2.0 years
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning season Usually begins in late spring to early summer, sometimes to the end of August ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-27.8 [For nest building] 23.9 °C
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Ponds, lakes or slow moving streams, near the shore Stagnant water
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning depth 15.2-30.5 cm 22.85 m
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Clay to sand, gravel or rocks [Nests are found within submerged aquatic vegetation] Lithophils
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male built a nest, which is a shallow depressions No category
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning release Small numbers of eggs and small quantities of sperm are meiited at irregular intervals [Males may spawn more than once in the same season, in the same nest, with the same or different females] Multiple
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Parental care The male guards the eggs and fans them, and guards the newly hatched young for a period of a few days Male parental care
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Oocyte diameter 1.2-2.5 [Not specified] 1.85 mm
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive [Usually found attached to clean stones near the centre of the nest] Adhesive
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Incubation time 4-10 [Natural conditions in Canada] 7.0 days
Micropterus dolomieui Larvae Initial larval size 5.6-5.9 5.75 mm
Micropterus dolomieui Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in the nest until the resorption of the yolk and then rise off the bottom Demersal
Micropterus dolomieui Female Age at sexual maturity 4-6 [Female] 5.0 year
Micropterus dolomieui Female Relative fecundity 7000 eggs per pond of female 7000.0 thousand eggs/kg
Micropterus dolomieui Female Absolute fecundity 5-14 9.5 thousand eggs
Micropterus dolomieui Male Age at sexual maturity 3-5 [Male] 4.0 years
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Homing Some males return to the same nest in subsequent years and over 85% of them return to within 150 years of where they nested in previous years Present
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning season Late May to early July ['May', 'July']
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Spawns usually over a period of 6-10 days 8.0 weeks
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Nest building and spawning (in some areas) commences over a range of 12.8-20°C [Egg deposition takes place mostly at 16.1-18.3°C] 16.4 °C
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning water type Lakes and rivers, usually near the protection of rocks, logs, or more rarely, dense vegetation Stagnant water
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning depth Spawns in 61-610 cm of water 335.5 m
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sandy, gravel or rocky bottom Lithophils
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation The male builts a nest (18.3-30.5 cm) in diameter No category
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Parity Female probably spawns every year Iteroparous
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Parental care The males guard the nest, fans the eggs, and guards the young after they hatch Male parental care
Micropterus salmoides Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.5-1.7 [Fertilized egg] 1.6 mm
Micropterus salmoides Egg Egg Buoyancy Dermersal Demersal
Micropterus salmoides Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Micropterus salmoides Egg Incubation time 3-5 days in natural conditions in Canada 4.0 days
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Initial larval size 3.0 3.0 mm
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Larvae behaviour They remain in the bottom of the nest until the yolk is absorbed, usually 6-7 days, then they rise, begin feeding and schooling Demersal
Micropterus salmoides Female Age at sexual maturity 3-4 [Female] 3.5 year
Micropterus salmoides Female Relative fecundity 2-7 per pound 4.5 thousand eggs/kg
Micropterus salmoides Female Absolute fecundity 2-109 55.5 thousand eggs
Micropterus salmoides Male Age at sexual maturity 4-5 [Male] 4.5 years
Micropterus salmoides Male Male sexual dimorphism No nuptial tubercles but colours darken on spawning males Absent
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning season Late spring to mid-summer with the peak usually early to mid-June ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Nest building starts at about 15.6, but spawning usually takes place at 16.7-18.3 17.5 °C
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning depth Usually 30.5-122 cm deep 76.25 m
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravelly sand (more rarely) to marl and soft mud in eeds, bullrushes or water lilies Lithophils
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Nest building by very aggressive and territorial males, nest are 61.0-91.5 cm in diameter, and depending on the hardness of the bottom 25-303 mm deep No category
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Mating system By pair, a female may spawn with several males in different nests Monogamy
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parity Female probably spawn yearly between the age of 5 to 12 No category
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parental care The male guards and fans the eggs Male parental care
Morone americana Egg Oocyte diameter 0.79 [Before fertilization], range of 0.55-0.70 for egg removed from ovaries 0.62 mm
Morone americana Egg Egg size after water-hardening 0.92 [After fertlization] 0.92 mm
Morone americana Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive [Become attached to vegetation, rocks, and other bottom objects] Adhesive
Morone americana Egg Incubation time 4-4.5 at 15°C 4.25 days
Morone americana Egg Temperature for incubation 15 15.0 °C
Morone americana Egg Degree-days for incubation 60-70 65.0 °C * day
Morone americana Larvae Initial larval size 2.3 2.3 mm
Morone americana Female Absolute fecundity The total number of eggs have been shown to vary from 20,000 to over 300000 depending, in part ar least, on the size of the female; this is a large number of eggs for such a relatively small fish. Described as means of 21,180 [Size 151-160 mm], 36,687 [Size 171-180 mm], 97,572 [Size 201-210], 234,342 [Size 241-250 mm] 155.5 thousand eggs
Morone americana Spawning conditions Spawning season Commences about mid-May and may extend to the end of June ['May', 'June']
Morone americana Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Spawning continues for 1-2 weeks and does not take place all at once 1.5 weeks
Morone americana Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 11-15 13.0 °C
Morone americana Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow: 0-3.7 m 1.85 m
Morone americana Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Occur over any and every bottom type with little evidence of preference No category
Morone americana Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs may be released during two or three spawning acts No category
Morone chrysops Egg Oocyte diameter 0.8 0.8 mm
Morone chrysops Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal [Eggs becoming fertilized as they sink] Demersal
Morone chrysops Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive [Become attached to gravel, boulders, or vegetation on the bottom] Adhesive
Morone chrysops Egg Incubation time 2 [15.6°C] 2.0 days
Morone chrysops Egg Temperature for incubation 15.6 15.6 °C
Morone chrysops Egg Degree-days for incubation 30.0 30.0 °C * day
Morone chrysops Larvae Initial larval size 3.7 [Not specified at hatching] 3.7 mm
Morone chrysops Female Length at sexual maturity The majority the Lake Erie white bass studied did not mature sexually until the age 3 when they averaged 277 mm total length 3.0 cm
Morone chrysops Female Absolute fecundity Average 565, range from 242-933 587.5 thousand eggs
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Sexually mature fish form schools, and move onto shoals or into estuaries for spawning, these inshore movements usually occurring when water temperature rises to 12.8-15.6 No data
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring: usually in May, extending in June in cool years ['April', 'May', 'June']
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 1.5 [5-10 days] 7.5 weeks
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 14.4-21.1 17.75 °C
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation The eggs are released near the surface or in midwater Open water/substratum scatter
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Daylight [But has been reported to occur at night also] Day
Morone chrysops Spawning conditions Parental care No parental care is given to eggs or young No care
Morone saxatilis Egg Oocyte diameter 1.0-1.35 [Before extrusion] 1.18 mm
Morone saxatilis Egg Egg size after water-hardening 3.6 [A few hours after they are fertilized and have undergone swelling] 3.6 mm
Morone saxatilis Egg Egg Buoyancy Semibuoyant and may be swept by the current Pelagic
Morone saxatilis Egg Temperature for incubation 14-15.6 or 17.8-19.4 14.8 °C
Morone saxatilis Egg Degree-days for incubation 40-50 [70-74 hours at 14.4-15.6°C, and 48 hours at 17.8-19.4°] 45.0 °C * day
Morone saxatilis Larvae Initial larval size 5.2-6.0 5.6 mm
Morone saxatilis Female Absolute fecundity 14-3220 [Most fish yield about 180-700] 1617.0 thousand eggs
Morone saxatilis Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Prespawning may travel long distances upriver, in fresh water No data
Morone saxatilis Spawning conditions Spawning migration period There is a fall migration upriver, the potential spawners spend the winter in the river, then swim up to their spaning grounds in the spring ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Morone saxatilis Spawning conditions Spawning season Usually in June ['June']
Morone saxatilis Spawning conditions Parity Although females spawn more than once, they do not necesseraliy spawn every year Iteroparous
Perca flavescens Egg Egg size after water-hardening 3.5 [Swollen] 3.5 mm
Perca flavescens Egg Egg Buoyancy Egg masses are semi-buoyant [They undulate with water movement and adhere to submerged vegetation or, at times, to the bottom] Demersal
Perca flavescens Egg Incubation time 8-10 9.0 days
Perca flavescens Larvae Initial larval size 5 5.0 mm
Perca flavescens Larvae Larvae behaviour Inactive for about 5 days Demersal
Perca flavescens Female Age at sexual maturity 4 [Sex specified] 4.0 year
Perca flavescens Female Female sexual dimorphism Females less highly coloured Present
Perca flavescens Female Absolute fecundity 2-90 46.0 thousand eggs
Perca flavescens Male Age at sexual maturity 3 [Sex specified] 3.0 years
Perca flavescens Male Male sexual dimorphism Colours of spawning males more intense, bronze-green, bars darker, lower fins suffused with orange to bhroght red Present
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Adults migrate shoreward into the shallows of lakes, and often into tributary rivers to spawn No data
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning season In the spring, usually from April 15 to early May, but spawning may extend into July in some areas ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Male remain longer on the spawning grounds than do the females No data
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 8.9-12.2 10.55 °C
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning water type In the shallows of lakes, and often into tributary, where they live in brackish water, they migrate into fresh water Stagnant water
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Usually near rooted vegetation, submerged brush, or fallen trees, but at times over sand or gravel Lithophils
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nest is built Open water/substratum scatter
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition During the night and early morning Day
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Mating system A single larger female and many males which swim about in a long compact queue, the first males with their snouts pressed against the females No category
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Spawning release Extruded in a unique transparent, gelatinous, accordion-folded string or tube No category
Perca flavescens Spawning conditions Parental care No protection is given the egg masses or young by the parents No care
Sander vitreus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.5-2.0 [Not precised] 1.75 mm
Sander vitreus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Sander vitreus Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs are sticky at first but apparently not so after water hardening Adhesive
Sander vitreus Egg Incubation time 12-18 15.0 days
Sander vitreus Egg Degree-days for incubation 100-120 [12-18 at about 6.7-8.9°C] 110.0 °C * day
Sander vitreus Larvae Initial larval size 6.0-8.6 7.3 mm
Sander vitreus Larvae Onset of exogeneous feeding Feeding takes place prior to disappearance of yolk No data
Sander vitreus Female Age at sexual maturity 3-6 4.5 year
Sander vitreus Female Length at sexual maturity 35.6-43.2 39.4 cm
Sander vitreus Female Absolute fecundity 612 for a female of 80 cm 612.0 thousand eggs
Sander vitreus Male Age at sexual maturity 2-4 [Sex specified] 3.0 years
Sander vitreus Male Length at sexual maturity >27.9 [Sex specified] 27.9 cm
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning season In the spring or early summer [Early April, to end of June in North] ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Males moves to the spawing grounds first No data
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 6.7-8.9 [Shortly after ice breaks up] 7.8 °C
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning water type White water below impassable falls and dams in rivers, lakes Stagnant water
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Rocky areas, boulder, or coarse-gravel shoals Lithophils
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nest is built Open water/substratum scatter
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Mating system Spawning takes place in groups, one larger female and one or two smaller males or two females and up to six males Promiscuity
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Spawning release Apparently most individual females deposit most of their eggs in one night of spawning No category
Sander vitreus Spawning conditions Parental care Males are not territorial No category
Coregonus albula Egg Oocyte diameter 2-3 [not specified] 2.5 mm
Coregonus clupeaformis Egg Oocyte diameter 2.3 [After extrusion] 2.3 mm
Coregonus clupeaformis Egg Egg size after water-hardening 3.0-3.2 [After 24 hours in water] 3.1 mm
Coregonus clupeaformis Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Coregonus clupeaformis Egg Temperature for incubation Normal development occurs over a temperature range of 0.5-6.1, with the optimum close to 0.5 [Eggs incubated at 10°C, suffer 99% mortality] 3.3 °C
Coregonus clupeaformis Female Relative fecundity The number of eggs per pound of fish bas been calculated to be 16100 for Lake Erie (possibly high since counting was done in Augts on "green" eggs), 9900 for Lake Ontario and 8200 for Lake Huron 16100.0 thousand eggs/kg
Coregonus clupeaformis Female Maximum GSI value Female whitefish in Lake Erie habe been calculated to lose approximatively 11% of their weight at spawning 11.0 percent
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning season November and December, but also from late September to October ['September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Dropped below about 7.8 7.8 °C
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters at depth of less than 7.6 m 7.6 m
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Hard or stoney bottom but sometimes over sand Lithophils
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited more or less randomly over the spanwing grounds by the parents Susbtrate chooser
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Spawning fish are active and may jump and thrash about, especially at night Night
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Egg Oocyte diameter 6 6.0 mm
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal