| Alosa alosa |
After yolk-sac resorption fish were fed twice a day (i.e. one day at 20°C post-hatching) |
20.0 |
Leguen et al, 2007 |
| Alosa alosa |
By 3 days post-hatch [18-19°C], larvae were fed every 10 min with brine shrimp Artemia salini nauplii |
18.5 |
Jatteau and Bardonnet, 2008 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
94 [5 days at 15.6] |
94.0 |
Wiggins et al, 1985 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
The transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding occurred between days 3 and 6, at 20 ± 1.0°C |
20.0 |
Zydlewski and McCormick, 1997 |
| Alosa sapidissima |
Feeding stage larvae was 6-8 days post-hatch at 19-20°C |
7.0 |
Leach and Houde, 1999 |
| Cobitis taenia |
120-140 [20°C]. Exogenous feeding started at 6-7 days at 20°C |
130.0 |
Bohlen, 1999 |
| Cobitis taenia |
120 [6 days at 21°C] |
120.0 |
Bohlen, 2000 |
| Cobitis taenia |
After the larvae had started exogenous feeding (usually on day 6-7) at 20-24°C |
6.5 |
Bohlen, 1999b |
| Abramis brama |
120-140 [6-8 days at 17-20°C] |
130.0 |
Backiel and Zawiska, 1968 |
| Abramis brama |
During the 6th of development, i.e. the 3rd after hatching, most individuals began to ingest exogeneous food. Their average total length was 6.6 mm |
6.0 |
Penaz and Gajdusek, 1979 |
| Abramis brama |
The cages were stocked with 6-day-old bream larvae that had just graduated to the mixed feeding stage. Fish TL was 7.9-8.1 mm (average 8.0 mm) and the body weight 1.8 mh. Larvae of this length still retained the yolk sac |
8.0 |
Ziliukiene, 2005 |
| Abramis brama |
After 5-6 days at 12-19°C, noticeably diminished yolk sac. Feed on yolk and some rotifers |
5.5 |
Brylinska and Boron, 2004 |
| Alburnoides bipunctatus |
Etap 1: mixed (endogeneous and exogenous) nutrition, larvae 10 old (4-5 days post hatching at 18-20°C), length 8.5 mm |
4.5 |
Penaz, 1976 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
[After 4.5-5 days at 22-26°C, the larvae are 8.5-9.0 mm; the larvae swim in the water column and feed, but also continue to utilize yolk] |
4.75 |
Jennigs, 1988 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
Carp larvae that just started to feed exogeneously (about 3 days post-hatch) were used, T= 26-30°C |
28.0 |
Santiago et al, 2003 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
The first feeding bighead carp larvae (about 3 days post-hacth), with temperature range 26-28°C in the morning and 28-30°C in the afternoon |
27.0 |
Santiago et al, 2004 |
| Aristichthys nobilis |
Rearing fry and fingerlings involves nurturing 3-4 day-old postlarvae, which have begun to eat |
3.5 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Aspius aspius |
First-feeding larvae age 6 days post-hatching at 20°C, Lt 7.8 ± 0.6 mm, body weight 2.7 ±0.2 mg |
7.8 |
Wolnicki, 2005 |
| Aspius aspius |
From hatch until day 3, the larvae obtain nutrition from susbtances stored in the yolk sac. Between day 3 and 11, the larvae started endo-exogenous feeding. |
3.0 |
Ostaszewska, 2002 |
| Aspius aspius |
Between days 3 and 5 post hatch, the intestine opened at both ends and lined with columnar epithelium. Signs of digestion and lipid absorption by enterocytes were observed on day 5, while protein absorption started on day 7 of the larval development. |
3.0 |
Ostaszewska and Wegiel, 2002 |
| Aspius aspius |
Beginning of exogenous (mixed) feeding at 7 days at 14°C |
7.0 |
Kujawa et al, 2007 |
| Barbus barbus |
113-150 |
131.5 |
Philippart et al, 1989 |
| Barbus barbus |
About 130-140 [7 days at 19.2-20] |
135.0 |
Pinder and Gozlan, 2004 |
| Barbus barbus |
180 [11 at 17.5°C] |
180.0 |
Krupka and Meszaros, 1993 |
| Barbus barbus |
Beginning of the exogeneous feeding at 102 DD, or 6 days after hatching |
102.0 |
Penaz, 1971 |
| Barbus barbus |
In the barb, the embryos pass to pelagic life habits and to exogenous food as late as between the 17th and 28 th day of developement, that is on the 11th to 19th day after hatching, depending on water temperature, about 16°C |
17.0 |
Penaz, 1973 |
| Barbus barbus |
The larva at the age of 12 days and 14 hours (Tl=12.9 mm; w=13.5 mg) was observed to ingest food for the first time (at that time the number of degree-days from the beginning of development was 245.8) at 19°C |
12.0 |
Krupta, 1988 |
| Carassius auratus |
At the day 8th and 10th after hatching larva is 7 mm long. At that time active feeding begins |
8.0 |
Szczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996 |
| Carassius auratus |
Each experimental tank was stocked with 83 3-4-day-old goldfish of the cornet variety at a density of 6.5 fish. L-1, and all trials started at the time of first exogenous feeding (at 25°C) |
3.5 |
Kaiser et al, 2003 |
| Carassius auratus |
Three days after hatching at 20°C, the young larvae swim towards the surface for fulfill their swimbladder, and then start to search food |
20.0 |
Kestemont and Mélard, 1994 |
| Carassius carassius |
When food are available from the start, larvae began mixed feeding at lengths of 6.5-7.2 mm, after 2-4 days of development at 20-30°C, when much of the yolk was present |
6.85 |
Laurila et al, 1987 |
| Carassius carassius |
A few days (3 days at 20°C) after hatching the fish swim to the surface to fill the swim bladder and then switch to exogenous feeding and yolk reserves are reduced. |
3.0 |
Laurila and Holopainen, 1990 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
About 80-90 [5-6 days at 16°C] |
85.0 |
Kamler et al, 1998 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
About 70-80 [3.9 (At 19°C), 5.2 (16°C), 5.3 (13°C), 7.1 (10)] |
75.0 |
Schiemer et al, 2003 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
About 130, or 10 days after hatching |
130.0 |
Penaz, 1971 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
Starts to ingest food actively at a age of 27 days after insemination (i.e. 7-8 days after hatching at 12.4-14.5°C), having attained a total length of about 12 . The duration is rather short, being about 4 days at water temperature of 14.1-15.4°C |
7.5 |
Penaz, 1974 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
From the very onset of external feeding (day 6 post-hatch) for 20 days, at 25-28°C |
26.5 |
Wolnicki and Myszkowski, 1998 |
| Chondrostoma nasus |
The fish were fed beginning 4 days post-hatch (at 20°C) |
4.0 |
Ostaszewka et al, 2005 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
180 [10 days and 20 hour at 16-17] à vérifier |
16.5 |
Gozlan et al, 1999 |
| Chondrostoma toxostoma |
70-80 [4 days at 16-18°C] |
75.0 |
Pinder and Gozlan, 2004 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
3 or 4 days after hatching larval grass begin carp feeding on rotifers and protozoans |
3.0 |
Cudmore and Mandrak, 2004 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
4.5 days: Feeding is mixed |
4.5 |
Shireman and Smith, 1983 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
7 days: the mesolarva measures 7.5 to 8.1 mm, has absorbed its yolk sac and feed exogenously |
7.0 |
Shireman and Smith, 1983 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
Rearing fry and fingerlings involves nurturing 3-4 day-old postlarvae, which have begun to eat |
3.5 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Ctenopharyngodon idella |
These foods were first offered to the larvae 72 h after hatching |
72.0 |
Rottmann et al, 1991 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
About 100 [4 days at 26°C] |
100.0 |
Khadka and Ramakrishna, 1986 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
[The larvae start to take in air and to fill the swimming bladder when about 1/2 or 2-3 of the yolk sac has been absorbed. At this time the larvae also begin to feed at 20-24°C) |
2.5 |
Woynarovich, 1962 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Larvae were fed only dry diet from the third day after hatching at 20°C |
20.0 |
Charlon and Bergot, 1984 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
At the start of exogeneous feeding the mean length of the Koi carp larvae was 6.6 mm [Deduced from graph, about 3 days after hatching at 28-29°C] |
28.5 |
Van Damme et al, 1989 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
3 days after hatching with rearing temperatures was raised from 19.5°C at days 0 to 24°C at day 4 and kept at that temperature thereafter |
3.0 |
Carvalho et al, 1997 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
91 to 122 hour od development at 25°Cwe found that at a temperature of 25°C, the onset of the larval period, i.e. the intake of the first food, to take place at 91 hhours (4 day) following impregantion, wich corresponds to 37 hours (2 days after hatching) |
91.0 |
Penaz et al, 1983 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Exogenous feeding begins before the exhaustion of yolk and is marked by the taking of air to fill the swim-bladder |
0.0 |
Smith, 2004 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Received artificial diets starting from the 3rd day after hatching (i.e. 1st day of experiment = initiation of exogeneous feeding), at about 26 (25-27°C) |
26.0 |
Kamler et al, 1990 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
At 20°C, inthe series A,the 4 days old larvae captured and ingested about 70% of prey, while the 7 days old ones,over 90% |
20.0 |
Jezierska et al, 2006 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
The larvae were fed by nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina since the 5th day at 21.5-22.5°C |
22.0 |
Palikova et al, 2004 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
First feeding (day 1 of the experiment) started 2 days after hatching when larvae exhibited an inflated swim-bladder |
1.0 |
Schlechtreim et al, 2004 |
| Cyprinus carpio |
The gut evacuation time for four-day-old common carp larvae, taking their first food (Ewos C-10) is relaitvely short. It may be assumed that after 1 hour the larvae is emptied at 50% (at 24°C) |
10.0 |
Szlamiska, 1987 |
| Gobio gobio |
60 [3 days at 18-20°C] |
19.0 |
Kennedy and Fitzmaurice, 1972 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
Carp larvae that just started to feed exogenously (about 3 days post-hatch) were used, reared at 26-30°C |
28.0 |
Santiago et al, 2003 |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
Rearing fry and fingerlings involves nurturing 3-4 day-old postlarvae, which have begun to eat |
3.5 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Leucaspius delineatus |
Onset of exogeneous feeding for the first embryo 88 hours at 21.6°C] .i.e. 3-16 hours after hatching |
9.5 |
Pinder and Gozlan, 2004 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
About 130 [8 days at 17 °C] |
130.0 |
Calta, 2000 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
[5 days after hatching, the larvae were fed ad libitum with the rotifer, for 3 days at 18°C] |
5.0 |
Harzevili et al, 2003 |
| Leuciscus cephalus |
9 days, oral feeding started at temperature between 15.4 and 17.8°C |
9.0 |
Penaz, 1968 |
| Leuciscus idus |
70-90 [4-5 days at 19-20°C] |
80.0 |
Harzevili et al, 2004 |
| Leuciscus idus |
Beginning from day 3 after hatching the larvae (TL=8.1 at 25°C] were supplied exclusively with freshly hatched Artemia salina nauplii or exclusively commercial dry feed or both] |
3.0 |
Wolnicki and Gorny, 1995 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
About 100 [Feeding begin before the yolk-sac was fully absorbed] |
100.0 |
Kennedy, 1969 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
After 7 days at 15°C, fry start to eat |
7.0 |
Wurtz-Arlet, 1950 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus |
About 4-6 days at 10°C |
5.0 |
Mills, 1982 |
| Mylopharyngodon piceus |
Rearing fry and fingerlings involves nurturing 3-4 day-old postlarvae, which have begun to eat |
3.5 |
Naca, 1989 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus |
110 [7 days at 16°C] |
110.0 |
Soin et al, 1982 |
| Pimephales promelas |
Begin feeding the day of hatching |
0.0 |
Duffy, 1998 |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
Mixed feeding of the larvae. The filling of the swim bladder with air occurs during the first days after hatching. The length of the larvae at an age of 5-5.5 days is 6.3-6.5 mm. During these days the yolk is considerably resorbed. […] The larvae swim actively and begin to feed gradually. |
5.25 |
Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
| Rhodeus sericeus |
560 [28 days at 20°C] |
560.0 |
Aldridge, 1999 |
| Rutilus rutilus |
Starts swimming and feeding one to three days after hatching |
0.0 |
Hlnterleitner et al, 1989 |
| Tinca tinca |
110 [5 days at 22] |
110.0 |
Hamackova et al, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
95 [Initiation of external feeding at 7.04 at 22°C, i.e. 4.31 after hatcing] |
95.0 |
Kamler et al, 1995 |
| Tinca tinca |
140 at 20.2 °C [At the mean temperature of 20.2°C, the embryonic period of development, starting with the moment of fertilization and ending with the passage of the embryos to exogeneous food, lasted 10 days (202 DD), while the incubation period lasted 62.1 DD] |
140.0 |
Penaz et al, 1981 |
| Tinca tinca |
[Duration of development from activation to onset of exogeneous feeding, in parenthesis time for incubation: 224.6 (71.2) at 20°C, 159.2 (48.5) at 22.5°C, 131.5 (36.3) at 25°C, 125.4 (30) at 27.5°C] |
224.6 |
Penaz et al, 1989 |
| Tinca tinca |
Mixed endogeneous and exogeneous nutrition 7 days after hatching at a size of L=5.5-5.8 mm |
5.65 |
Penaz et al, 1982 |
| Tinca tinca |
Commencement of exogeneous feeding 5 days post-hatching at an initial total length of 5.10 ± 0.18 mm |
5.1 |
Wolnicki and KorwinKossakowski, 1993 |
| Tinca tinca |
Total duration of endogenous feeding period (from egg activation to the beginning of external feeding) is 10 days at a mean temperature of 20.2, that is 202 D°. Development within an egg takes 62°D, i.e. a shorter part of endogenous feeding period. During remaining 140°C larva is fixed to submerged plants |
10.0 |
Kubu and Kouril, 1985 |
| Tinca tinca |
The feeding was begun on day 6 after hatching when larval total length (TL +/-SD) averaged 4.53 +/- 0.16 mm |
4.53 |
Wolnicki et al,2003 |
| Tinca tinca |
Experiments started on day 5 post-hatch |
5.0 |
Celada et al, 2008 |
| Vimba vimba |
First feeding larvae age 5 days post-hatching at 20°C, Lt 7.8 ± 0.2 mm, body weight 2.0 ± 0.2 mg |
7.8 |
Wolnicki, 2005 |
| Vimba vimba |
The larvae (2 ± 0.34 mg, 8.4 ± 0.24 mm) were fed from the sixth day after hatching . The average temperature was 24.0 ± 0.5°C, pH 8.6 ± 0.2, and dissolved oxygen 7.9 ± 0.3 mg.l-1. |
2.0 |
Ostaszewska et al, 2008 |
| Vimba vimba |
Larvae begin to swim freely 7 days after hatching, and feed on day later |
7.0 |
Luszczek et al, 2008 |
| Esox masquinongy |
Require 13.3 days at 15°C for larvae to swim-up |
13.3 |
Farrell et al, 2005 |
| Esox masquinongy |
By 3 weeks of age the young begin to feed on other fish |
3.0 |
Clemmons and Newman, 1997 |
| Esox masquinongy |
Food was given to the larvae on the day they sawm up from the bottom of the tanks (9 days after hatching) and each day thereafter (at 20°C) |
9.0 |
Anonymous, 1982 |
| Esox lucius |
150-160 |
155.0 |
Chauveheid and Billard, 1983 |
| Esox lucius |
150-160 |
155.0 |
Billard, 1996 |
| Esox lucius |
10 days at 12.5°C |
10.0 |
Wurtz, 1944 |
| Esox lucius |
The fry began to feed at 7 days post-hatching when the yolk sac was almost completely absorbed (at 12°C) |
7.0 |
Giles et al, 1986 |
| Esox lucius |
Pike larvae die within three days after the resorption of their yolk sac if no food is available to them |
0.0 |
Penaz, 1971 |
| Esox lucius |
Food was only detected in the alimentary tract of the larvae with the standard length no less than 12.8 mm |
12.8 |
Ziliukiene and Ziliukas, 2006 |
| Lota lota |
270 DD at 15-16°C after fertilization, they begin feeding less than about 130-140 DD for incubation |
15.5 |
Kujawa et al, 2002 |
| Lota lota |
Burbot larvae, which were the pooled offpsring of many wild spawners, were reared from the first feeding (day 10 post-hatch) over a period of 20 days. Larvae of an initial size of 3.61 ± 0.27 mm (average TL ± SD; n = 15). |
3.61 |
Wolnicki et al, 2002 |
| Pungitius pungitius |
About five days after hatching at 15°C, begin the transition to mixed feeding |
15.0 |
Shadrin and Ozernyuk, 2002 |
| Micropterus dolomieui |
120 [6-7 days at 20°C and 4-5 days at 25°C] |
6.5 |
Siefert et al, 1974 |
| Micropterus salmoides |
75-105 [Initial feeding at 193 hours after fertilization and 90% hatch at 64 at 20°C and 124 hours and 90% hatch at 47 at 23°C, i.e. 5.3 days at 20°C and 3.2 days at 23°C] |
90.0 |
Carlson and Siebert, 1974 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
115 [6 days at 19°C] |
115.0 |
Cahu et al, 1998 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
160-230 [After day 10, larval development was based only on exogeneous food, at 16-23°C] |
195.0 |
Hatziathanasiou et al, 2002 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
140-160 [Most deaths were recorded between 6 and 10 days and coincided with the onset of exogeneous feeding, at 16-23°C] |
150.0 |
Hatziathanasiou et al, 2002 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
Time of first feeding (8-9 days from hatching at 15°C) at a length of 4.78 mm |
8.5 |
Cerda et al, 1994 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
Feeding of cultured sea bass larvae has commonly begun at initiation of mouth opening (4 days after hatching). Initial feeding can be delayed 2-4 days without adversely affecting survival or growth of sea bass larvae if they are held at ambient temperature in dilute sea water |
3.0 |
Johnson and Katavic, 1986 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
First feeding about 6-7 days |
6.5 |
Barnabé, 1980 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
At the time of first-feeding 8-9 days post-hatching at 16°C |
8.5 |
Cerda et al, 1994 |
| Dicentrarchus labrax |
Feeding depends upon the yolk vesicle which persists beyong the mouth opening (day 5 post-hatching) until the end of endotrophy (day 7) at 15°C |
5.0 |
Giffard-Mena et al,2006 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Larvae in all experiments began active feeding 5 days after hatching at a temperature of 18°C |
5.0 |
Eldridge et al, 1982 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Beginning at 5 dph, larvae were provided with a diet that consisted of Artemia nauplii maintained at 100per liter, on days 5,6 and 7, 500-1000 rotifers Brachinonus plicatilis per liter also were provided |
750.0 |
Monteleone and Houde, 1990 |
| Morone saxatilis |
Larvae were fed Artemia from 6 days post-hatching. Larvae with food in their gut were first observed at 7 dph in the black tanks and one day later in white tanks |
6.0 |
Martin-Robichaud and Peterson, 1998 |
| Morone saxatilis |
At 16-19°C, striped bass larvae make the transition to exogenous feeding by 5 d posthatch |
17.5 |
Harrell et al, 2002 |
| Morone saxatilis |
The larvae grow quickly from 6 mm total length (Lt) at first feeding (6 days post-hatch, dph) […] Swimbladder inflation and first feeding occurred between 5 and 7 dph (at 19°C) |
6.0 |
Macintosh and Duston, 2007 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
Feeding begins after about 1 week |
1.0 |
Crosier et al, 2005 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
The transition to exogenous feeding takes plance in benthopelagic layer about 1 week after hatching |
1.0 |
Ogle, 1998 |
| Gymnocephalus cernua |
120-130: Active feeding and swim-up occurring 13 days after fertilization (hatching 5-6 days after fertilization) at 16°C |
125.0 |
Brown et al, 1998 |
| Perca flavescens |
Larvae were initially fed a tank culture of rotifers and small zooplankton four to six times per day. Starting five days posthatch (dph), larvae were fed Artemia nauplii four times per day (at 15-18°C). |
16.5 |
Fulford et al, 2006 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
About 100 |
100.0 |
Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
| Perca fluviatilis |
On 27 and 28 May half of the perch still had some yolk left and 90% had started feeding. Hatching at 24 May and temperature 12-14°C |
13.0 |
Urho, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
At the age of 2-5 days the larvae start exogeneous feeding |
3.5 |
Lehtonen et al, 1996 |
| Sander lucioperca |
3 days after hatching at 15°C |
3.0 |
Schlumberger and Proteau, 1993 |
| Sander lucioperca |
The period of endogeneous feeding of the pike-perch lasted until the 6th day post hatching, mixed endo-exogenous feeding occurred from the 6th to the 12th day, and from the 17th day on the fish were exclusively fed exogenous feeding |
6.0 |
Ostasweska, 2005 |
| Sander lucioperca |
4-18 dph, corresponding to the period extending from the beginning of exogenous feeding to the end of swim bladder inflation. Feedinf started in the final stages of the absorption of the yolk sac (about 4 days post hatching). Feeding with Artemia nauplii started 1 day later |
11.0 |
Szkudlarek and Zakes, 2007 |
| Sander vitreus |
100-122 |
111.0 |
Krise and Meade, 1986 |
| Sander vitreus |
Feeding takes place prior to disappearance of yolk |
0.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Sander vitreus |
Walleye larvae commenced feeding at a mean length of 9 mm during this study |
9.0 |
Johnston and Mathias, 1994 |
| Sander vitreus |
The initiation of exogeneous feeding occurs between 100 and 120DD |
100.0 |
Colsesante, 1996 |
| Sander vitreus |
Initiation of feeding 100-120 |
110.0 |
Summerfelt, 1996 |
| Sander vitreus |
Around days 5 and 6 at 19-25, mean of 22.3°C |
22.0 |
Moodie et al, 1989 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Feeding begin 4 days after hatching at 10-10.5°C |
10.25 |
Beltran and Champigneulle, 1992 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
After a 2-days period of adaptation, the feeding experiment was begun with larvae 1-2 days old at T of 11 or 14°C. Living zooplankton was consumed immediatly afteits initial introduction |
1.5 |
Rösch and Appelbaum, 1985 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Four days at 10°C, at a size of 11.2 ± 0.1 mm |
10.0 |
Champigneulle, 1988 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Feeding started 4 days after hatching at 12 ±0.5°C |
12.0 |
Segner et al, 1988 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
4 days after hatching at a size of 11-12 mm |
11.5 |
Champigneulle and Rojas-Beltran, 1990 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
At 14-16°C, larvae begin to feed on the 2nd-3rd day after hatching. At lower temperatures (5-11.8°C) active feeding begins later, and according to various authors its beginning fluctuates between the 5th and 8th day |
15.0 |
Jezierska et al, 1979 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Food was found in all yolk-sac larvae 10 mm and larger indicating that feeding is normal for yolk-sac larvae |
10.0 |
Hudd et al, 1992 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Fish larvae were fed nematodes ad libitum starting on day 1 after hatching.Nematodes are readily ingested by 2-day-old whitefish larvae. In comparison with the ingestion of nematodes, the onset of dry diet intake by Coregonus lavaretus is clearly delayed, starting around 8 days after hatching |
1.0 |
Schlechtriem et al, 2004 |
| Coregonus lavaretus |
Feeding commenced on 13 February (three days after hatching) |
13.0 |
Dlugosz and Demska-Zakes, 1989 |
| Coregonus albula |
Gradual transition from yolk utilization to external feeding occurred after 10 days at 13.7°C |
10.0 |
Karjalainen, 1991 |
| Coregonus albula |
Time from hatching to exogeneous feeding in vendace, larvae decreased from 8 to 2 days when the temperature increased from 4.5 to 19°C. In the vendace population the larvae start exogeneous (mixed feeding at a total length of 9.5 mm [Other studies: at a constant temperature of 10°C, 6 days after hatching, whereas at 9.4°C, it amounted to 4 days] |
8.0 |
Dostatni and Luczynski, 1991 |
| Coregonus albula |
The number of days between mass hatching and the commencement of external feeding by 50% of fish is: 4.0 days [4.0°C], 3.5 days [7.3°C], 3.5 [10°C], 3.0 [12.3°C], 2.5 [15.3°C], 2.5 [17.1°C], 2.5 [19.8°C], 2.0 [22.1°C] |
50.0 |
Luczynski, 1991 |
| Coregonus albula |
At 10°C, the first exogenous feeding took place on about the 6th day, and all fish fed exogenously from the 8th-9th day after hathing |
10.0 |
Jezierska et al, 1979 |
| Coregonus albula |
Vendace incubated at pH 7.00 and 7.40 started to ingest paramecia several days after hatching and began feeding on Artemia a week later. The fish at pH 5.50 started to feed on paramecia with 7 days delay compared to the controls |
7.0 |
Duis and Oberam, 2000 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
In trial (at 11-13.5°C), lake whitefish were feeding in all tanks by day 3. In trial 2 (at 7.2-12.2°C), lake whitefish larvae were feeding in all tanks by day 3, but feed was not observed in the digestive tract until day 5 |
12.25 |
Zitzow and Millard, 1988 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
Larvae were not fed until just prior to yolk sac absorption (21 after hatching) [Yet under natural conditions; larval lake whitefish are capable of feeding within 48 h after hatching |
21.0 |
Brown and Taylor, 1992 |
| Coregonus clupeaformis |
Upon acclimatization to 10 and 5°C, a lethal temperature of 22.6°C and 20.6°C, respectively. |
10.0 |
Jezierska et al, 1979 |
| Hucho hucho |
Two or three weeks later they begin feeding (at 12°C) |
12.0 |
Jungwirth, 1978 |
| Hucho hucho |
457-545 DD (less than 287.6-339.1 for incubation) mixed nutrition |
501.0 |
Penaz and Prihoda, 1981 |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
Alveins emerged from the gravel and started feeding 6 to 8 weeks after hatching at 11-12°C |
11.5 |
Macquarrie et al, 1979 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
500 |
500.0 |
Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
The fry commence feeding about 15 days after hatching |
15.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1973 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss |
Young fish were expected to feed 60 days post-fertilization at 10°C |
60.0 |
Springate and Bromage, 1985 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
437 [At 12°C], 464 [10°C], 482 [8°C] and 523 [6°C] posu hatching [It would be of little benefit to initiate food presentation before 905 tu, the point at which 50% of alevins were first able to ingest food at all four tested temperature, between 6-12°C, less than about ca.520-556 for incubation; This optimum feeding zone existed at temperatures below 12°C, between 905 thermal units (tu) postfertilization and a point (F, tu) which varied with temperature (T, °C) as F= 1201.1-20.3 T |
9.0 |
Heming et al, 1982 |
| Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
490 -520 [Exogeneous feeding is presumed to begin shortly after emergence is completed . However, even within the same species, some alevins emerge with considerable yolk while others emerge with virtually none: Number of days to 50% emergence: 192 postfertilization -95 days for incubation [6°C], 136-71 [8°C], 104-55 [10°C] and 85-44 [12°C], i.e. between 97 [6°C], 65 [8°C], 49 [10°C] and 41 [12°C]] |
505.0 |
Heming, 1982 |
| Salmo salar |
[Equation relating time from hatch to first feeding: Y=472T-1.27. This equation yeilds times of 81, 49, 34, 25, and 20 days for incubation temperatures of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, respectively] |
472.0 |
Perterson and Martin-Robichaud, 1995 |
| Salmo salar |
Fry emerge after 23 [12°C], 32 [10°C] and 70 [6°C] |
23.0 |
Brännäs, 1988 |
| Salmo salar |
First feeding occurred after 815 degree-days at ambient temperature and 839 degree-days at 8°C (for incubation, 473-505 for heated and 452-487 for ambient respectively). Most of the visible yolk sac has been resorbed |
489.0 |
Johnston and McLay, 1997 |
| Salmo salar |
The last sample was taken immediatly before the juveniles were fed for the first time (about 700 day-degrees, and 520 for incubation) |
700.0 |
Berg et al, 2001 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
300-350 [About 25 days at 14°C to 75 days at 4°C] |
325.0 |
Ojanguren and Brana, 2003 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
[At the commencement of first feeding, 35 days after haching at a temperature which fluctuated between 7.6 and 8.9°C with a mean of 8.5°C] |
35.0 |
Hansen, 1985 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
After 91 days post-fertlization [50 days for incubation] at 8°C, embryos in the control had completely resorbed their yolk supplies and were feeding exogeneously |
91.0 |
Luckenbach et al, 2001 |
| Salmo trutta fario |
Freely swimming fry, a few days after the yolk had been completely resorbed; the fry had already strated actively feeding and were behaving as fully formed organisms. The fry measured 25-35 mm |
30.0 |
Formicki et al, 2004 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
120-200 [70-96 days at 1.3°C, 25 days at 8°C] |
160.0 |
Pavlov et al, 1994 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
First feeding in charr occurs when the fry are around 21.5 mm |
21.5 |
Aasjord and Wallace, 1987 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
Temperature was increased to 11.5°C when fish were free swimming and feeding at about 630 DD posthatch |
11.5 |
Bebak et al, 2000 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
First feeding coincided with swim-up at 6°C and at 8°C while at 3°C one fish was observed to have taken food before swim-up. At 12°C swim-up was registered 3 days before the first occurence of feeding. About 170 DD [3°C], 240 [6°C], 250 [8°C] and 320 [12°C] or in days ca. 55 (3°C), 40 (6°C), 35 (8°C) and 32 (12°C). At all temperatures the alevins were between 19 and 22 mm in length at 50% feeding. Registration of 50% occurred about 40 day-degrees after 50% swim-up, independent of temperature |
6.0 |
Wallace and Aasjord, 1984 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
About 120 [minus 85-90 for incubation] at 6.4 ± 0.1 |
6.4 |
Papst and Hopky, 1984 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
First feeding was reached after 627 ± 13 degree-days in all families (less than 400-450 °D for incubation) |
627.0 |
Atse et al, 2002 |
| Salvelinus alpinus |
From day 24 after hatching, first feeding was initiated manually several times a day with a specially adapted commercial feed formulation (Corey Feed Mills Inc.) |
24.0 |
Lemieux et al, 2003 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
The first external feeding activities of the fish larvae start when the larvae swim up. Observations have demonstrated that the larva has a piece of yolk when swimming up, so in trout fisheries the first external feeding starts when over 30% of the larvae swim up. |
30.0 |
Bascinar et al, 2003 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
82-188 [Samplings at 544 and 650 DD were conducted to approximatively coincide with the middle and end of yolk absorption period, i.e. 82 and 188 when substrated the DD of incubation (462)] |
135.0 |
Dumas et al, 1995 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
[6 weeks after hatching at 8-13°C, fish were transfered to 70 l tanks to begin feeding] |
10.5 |
Dumas et al, 1995 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
The feeding experiment started 16 weeks after fertilization (21 February 1992 for SWF2 and FWF2, and 28 February 1992 for FWF3), when all the free-swimming fry were feeding (mouths and complete digestive tracts functional). This corresponded to 658.2 degree-days from time of fertilization for FWF2 and SWF2, and 622.5 degree-days for FWF3 |
16.0 |
Roche-Mayzaud et al, 1998 |
| Salvelinus namaycush |
About 140 [Initial feeding started at 101 days after fertilization and 90% hatch occurred at 81 days at 7°C and 60 days after fertilization and 90% hatch at 10°C, i.e. 20 days at 7°C and 14 days at 10°C] |
140.0 |
Carlson and Siebert, 1974 |
| Stenodus leucichthys |
About 30 [Mixed feeding at 3 days at 11.4°C, and 7 days at 3.8°C] |
30.0 |
Bogdanova, 1978 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
100-110 [10-11 days at 9.0-10.5°C] |
105.0 |
Zaytsev, 1986 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
On the 8th day after hatching (at 10°C), the embryos, having attained the length of 15 mm, were observed to ingest exogeneous food for the first time |
8.0 |
Penaz, 1975 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
Change to active feeding 4-5 days after hatching |
4.5 |
Kokurewicz et al, 1980 |
| Thymallus thymallus |
40 à 50 degré-jours après l'éclosion, à une taille moyenne de 15 mm, les alevins commencent à gober les particules. |
40.0 |
Carmie et al, 1985 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
Young grayling begin taking food as late as 9 days after hatching |
9.0 |
Bishop, 1971 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
700 |
700.0 |
Makeeva and Emel'yanova, 1993 |
| Ictalurus punctatus |
Yolk absorption, feeding activity, and swimming of fry at the surface normally occurs at 4-5 d after hatching (fry at this stage are commonly referred to as "swim-up" fry [23-33°C] |
4.5 |
Weirich et al, 2001 |
| Silurus glanis |
After their first feeding (5-7 days old) at temperature of 22-26°C |
6.0 |
Horvath, 1977 |
| Silurus glanis |
125 [5 days at 25°C] |
125.0 |
Wolnicki et al, 1998 |
| Silurus glanis |
130 [5 days at 28°C] |
130.0 |
Wolnicki and Myszkowski, 1998 |
| Silurus glanis |
150.0 |
150.0 |
Linhart et al, 2002 |
| Silurus glanis |
Exogenous feeding started at DPH 4 and there was a 2-day mixed endogenous-exogenous feeding period |
4.0 |
Kozaric et al, 2008 |
| Thymallus arcticus |
9 days after hatching |
9.0 |
Stewart et al, 2007b |
| Ptychocheilus lucius |
began eating at 9.5 days at 18 C; 7.6 days at 22 C; 6.8 days at 26 C |
9.5 |
Bestgen and Williams, 1994 |
| Acipenser brevirostrum |
8-12 days at 15-17 C |
160.0 |
Kynard, 1997 |
| Esox niger |
6-8 days |
7.0 |
Underhill, 1949 |
| Etheostoma flabellare |
onset of exogeneous feeding around 12 days at 19.8-20.2 C |
20.0 |
Paine and Belon, 1986 |
| Etheostoma caeruleum |
onset of exogeneous feeding around 12 days at 19.8-20.2 C |
20.0 |
Paine and Belon, 1984 |
| Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
8 days post-hatch at 20 C |
8.0 |
Colombo, 2007 |
| Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
development into larvae (defined as first feeding interval) happens at 72-78 Degree-Days on day 4 |
75.0 |
Kynard and Horgran, 2002 |
| Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
4 days post hatch (72-78 Degree-Days) |
75.0 |
Kynard and Horgran, 2002 |
| Scaphirhynchus albus |
development into larvae (defined as first feeding interval) happens at 79 Degree-Days on day 4 |
79.0 |
Kynard and Horgran, 2002 |
| Scaphirhynchus albus |
11-12 days post hatch (198-205 Degree-Days) |
11.5 |
Kynard, 2007 |
| Sander vitreus |
1-6 days |
3.5 |
Malison and Held, 1996 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
3 days |
3.0 |
Buckmeier et al, 2017 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
8 days at 28 C |
224.0 |
Mendoza et al, 2002 |
| Cottus bairdi |
6 days |
6.0 |
Jones and Janssen, 1992 |
| Esox americanus americanus |
10 days until active feeding starts |
10.0 |
Scott and Crossman, 1998 |
| Catostomus commersonii |
13 days @ 16C |
13.0 |
Hart and Werner, 1987 |
| Acipenser medirostris |
10-16 days |
13.0 |
Moser et al, 2016 |
| Acipenser medirostris |
10-15 days post hatch at 15 C |
12.5 |
Van Eenennaam, 2001 |
| Acipenser medirostris |
11 days 176.5 Degree-Days |
11.0 |
Kynard, 2005 |
| Leuciscus idus |
6.1-12 days |
9.05 |
Krupen et al, 2011 |
| Leuciscus idus |
6.1-12 days 15.7 C |
9.05 |
Krupen et al, 2011 |
| Leuciscus idus |
23.7 days 12.3 C |
23.7 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Leuciscus idus |
21.3 days 12.3 C |
21.3 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Leuciscus idus |
6.8 days 23.0 C |
6.8 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Leuciscus idus |
6.1 days 23.0 C |
6.1 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Sander lucioperca |
4 days 20 C |
4.0 |
Szkudlarek and Zakes, 2007 |
| Sander lucioperca |
3 days 18.1 C |
3.0 |
Lund and Steenfeldt, 2001 |
| Dorosoma cepedianum |
3 days |
3.0 |
Bodola, 1955 |
| Notropis atherinoides |
6 days 24-29 C |
26.5 |
Ross and Brenneman, 2001 |
| Xyrauchen texanus |
9 days 18 C |
9.0 |
Bestgen, 2008 |
| Noturus insignis |
5-6 days 20 C |
5.5 |
Simonson, 1987 |
| Cyprinella analostana |
6 days |
6.0 |
Gale and Buynak, 1978 |
| Phoxinus neogaeus |
7 days |
7.0 |
Becker, 1983 |
| Acipenser transmontanus |
8-11 days 16-18 C |
9.5 |
Doroshov et al, 1983 |
| Astyanax mexicanus |
4 days 24 C |
96.0 |
Riddle, 2019 |
| Hypomesus olidus |
4 days 14 C |
4.0 |
Sato, 1952 |
| Fundulus diaphanus |
By 6-15 days |
10.5 |
Jones and Tabery, 1980 |
| Etheostoma raneyi |
~24 hours |
24.0 |
Ruble et al, 2019 |
| Lepomis gulosus |
6 days 25 C |
6.0 |
Hirsch and Wetzel, 2011 |
| Lepomis gulosus |
7 days 25-26.4 C |
25.7 |
Larimore, 1957 |
| Lepomis cyanellus |
5 days 25 C |
5.0 |
Smith, 1975 |
| Elassoma gilberti |
4 days 24.4 C |
4.0 |
Lipscomb, 2019 |
| Entosphenus tridentatus |
32 days 18 C |
32.0 |
Yamazaki et al, 2003 |
| Entosphenus tridentatus |
16-24 days |
20.0 |
Moser et al, 2019 |
| Entosphenus tridentatus |
4-12 days 18 C |
8.0 |
Reyes, 2008 |
| Erimyzon sucetta |
196hrs (~8 days) 21 C |
196.0 |
Shaklee et al, 1974 |
| Acipenser sturio |
At 18 C exogenous feeding starts at about day 16. |
18.0 |
Kirschbaum and Wiliot, 2011 |
| Misgurnus fossilis |
1.5 Day-degrees (C) |
1.5 |
Perrin, 2001 |
| Leuciscus idus |
9.5 |
9.5 |
Kupren et al, 2008 |
| Leuciscus idus |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Kupren et al, 2015 |
| Neogobius melanostomus |
Zooplankton |
0.0 |
Hensler and Jude, 2007 |
| Neogobius melanostomus |
5 days after hatching feeds on cyclopoids |
5.0 |
Bonislawska et al, 2013 |
| Acipenser ruthenus |
ARM (A. r. marsiglii) Siberian Sterlet = dry diet from 5 dph (day post-hatch) at 20,5 - 21,4°C |
13.0 |
Feledi, 2013 |
| Acipenser ruthenus |
7 days (live feeding) at 19± 1 °C |
19.0 |
Lundova et al, 2018 |
| Acipenser ruthenus |
7-38 dph at 18±0.5°C |
18.0 |
Laczynska et al, 2017 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Mendoza et al, 2000 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Aguilera et al, 2002 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
> 4 |
4.0 |
Mendoza et al, 2002 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Mendoza et al, 2002 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
>30days |
30.0 |
Mendoza Alfaro et al, 2008 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Mendoza Alfaro et al, 2008 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Clay et al, 2011 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
5 days |
5.0 |
Snow, 2014 |
| Atractosteus spatula |
3 days after hatching |
3.0 |
Castillo et al, 2015 |
| Acipenser transmontanus |
8-11@16-18 |
9.5 |
Doroshov et al. (, 1983) |
| Acipenser transmontanus |
12@16-17 |
16.5 |
Buddington and Doroshov (, 1984) |
| Pseudorasbora parva |
3 |
3.0 |
Zhu et al, 2018 |
| Pomoxis annularis |
prey items were first observed in the gut on 9 day after hatching. |
180.0 |
Browman and O'Brien, 1992 |
| Pomoxis annularis |
Growth of first-feeding larvae (<10 days old) increased with total zooplankton biomass (r2 = 0.64). |
10.0 |
Bunnell et al, 2003 |
| Salvelinus fontinalis |
2136 |
2136.0 |
Granier et al, 2011 |
| Acipenser baeri |
5-7 days |
6.0 |
Gisbert et al, 2000 |
| Acipenser baeri |
From hatch to 6 dph (days post hatch) growth was negatively allometric (b = 0.76), reflecting utilization of yolk for morphogenesis, growth, and metabolic energy |
6.0 |
Gisbert et al, 2001 |
| Coregonus peled |
5 to 7 h after hatching at 8 days |
5.0 |
Mack and Billard, 1984 |
| Coregonus peled |
From the 4th day for exogenous food |
4.0 |
Stejskal et al, 2018 |