Chondrostoma toxostoma

Scientific name

Common name

Family

External links

Trait completeness	60%
Total data	75
References	10

Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved

Traits detail

Egg (100.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary data	Secondary Data	References
1	Oocyte diameter	1.75-2.2 [Not specified]	1.98 mm	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
1	Oocyte diameter	1.5-1.7 [South-west of France], 1.8-2.2 [South-east of France]	1.6 mm	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
1	Oocyte diameter	2.00 [Average diameter of the largest oocyte in fully developed ovaries]	2.0 mm	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
1	Oocyte diameter	About 2 [Not specified]	2.0 mm	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
2	Egg size after water-hardening	Mean 2.1, range 1.9-2.5 [After activation]	2.2 mm	Gozlan et al, 1999
2	Egg size after water-hardening	About 2 mm [Not specified]	2.0 mm	Internet
3	Egg Buoyancy	Demersal [eggs are deposited on boulders in deep pools]	Demersal	Gozlan et al, 1999
4	Egg adhesiveness	Becoming adhesive	Adhesive	Gozlan et al, 1999
4	Egg adhesiveness	Adhesive	Adhesive	Mann, 1996
5	Incubation time	12-15	13.5 days	Spillmann, 1961
5	Incubation time	8 days at 15-18.5°C	16.75 days	Gozlan et al, 1999
6	Temperature for incubation	15-18.5	16.75 °C	Gozlan et al, 1999
7	Degree-days for incubation	120-150	135.0 °C * day	Gozlan et al, 1999

Larvae (86.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
8	Initial larval size	Mean 6.32, range 4.1-8.1	6.1 mm	Gozlan et al, 1999
9	Larvae behaviour	Benthic larvae [The free embryos laid more or less on the bottom of the tank, but from time to time darted horizontally. Then, they fell back to the bottom and rest passively for some time.]	Demersal	Gozlan et al, 1999
10	Reaction to light	The free-embryos developed early photophobia and tended to congregate	Photopositive	Gozlan et al, 1999
10	Reaction to light	Initially the larvae are photophobic	Photophobic	Mann, 1996
11	Temperature during larval development	16-19	17.5 °C	Gozlan et al, 1999
12	Sibling intracohort cannibalism	No cannibalism or aggressive behaviour was observed	Absent	Gozlan et al, 1999
14	Onset of exogeneous feeding	180 [10 days and 20 hour at 16-17] à vérifier	16.5 °C * day	Gozlan et al, 1999
14	Onset of exogeneous feeding	70-80 [4 days at 16-18°C]	75.0 °C * day	Pinder and Gozlan, 2004

Female (33.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
15	Age at sexual maturity	4	4.0 year	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
15	Age at sexual maturity	3-4 [Sex not specified]	3.5 year	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
15	Age at sexual maturity	4 [48 months, age at maturation]	4.0 year	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
15	Age at sexual maturity	4 [Not specified]	4.0 year	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
15	Age at sexual maturity	At four years inVerdon (France), sex not specified	4.0 year	Internet
16	Length at sexual maturity	11-12 [South-west of France], 18-20 [South-east of France]	11.5 cm	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
18	Female sexual dimorphism	Does not seem to present any sexual dimorphims	Present	Internet
20	Absolute fecundity	2.3-3.5	2.9 thousand eggs	Spillmann, 1961
20	Absolute fecundity	7-15	11.0 thousand eggs	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
20	Absolute fecundity	1.5-15	8.25 thousand eggs	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
20	Absolute fecundity	3.2 [Average number of vitellogenic oocyes of mature females in a single spawning season]	3.2 thousand eggs	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
20	Absolute fecundity	11.5	11.5 thousand eggs	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
20	Absolute fecundity	A female can spawn 11 500 eggs	11.0 thousand eggs	Internet

Male (33.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
27	Age at sexual maturity	3-4 [Sex not specified]	3.5 years	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
28	Length at sexual maturity	11-12 [South-west of France], 18-20 [South-east of France]	11.5 cm	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
30	Male sexual dimorphism	Do not seem to display any bright color	Present	Spillmann, 1961

Spawning conditions (67.0%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
39	Spawning season	April	['April']	Billard, 1997
39	Spawning season	April	['April']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
39	Spawning season	April	['April']	Spillmann, 1961
39	Spawning season	End of May, beginning of July [30 or 40 days after Hotu]	['May', 'July']	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
39	Spawning season	March to May, up to June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
39	Spawning season	From March to May, and upto June	['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']	Internet
40	Spawning period duration	4 [1.00 month, length of breeding season]	4.0 weeks	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
41	Spawning temperature	13	13.0 °C	Spillmann, 1961
41	Spawning temperature	9-11	10.0 °C	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
41	Spawning temperature	11-13 [South-est of France], 15-16 [South-west of France]	12.0 °C	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
41	Spawning temperature	11-13	12.0 °C	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
41	Spawning temperature	11-13	12.0 °C	Internet
42	Spawning water type	Water with current	Flowing or turbulent water	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
42	Spawning water type	Small rivers or near the shore of main stream	Stagnant water	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
42	Spawning water type	Small tributary streams, deep pools just dowstream of riffles	No category	Gozlan et al, 1999
42	Spawning water type	Small rivers with strong current	Flowing or turbulent water	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
42	Spawning water type	Search for small tributaries with strong current	Flowing or turbulent water	Internet
43	Spawning depth	Very shallow waters	No data	Billard, 1997
43	Spawning depth	Deep pools	No data	Gozlan et al, 1999
43	Spawning depth	Shallow water	No data	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
43	Spawning depth	Shallow water	No data	Internet
44	Spawning substrate	Gravels	Lithophils	Billard, 1997
44	Spawning substrate	Gravels	Lithophils	Gozlan and Chappaz, 2001
44	Spawning substrate	Boulders	No category	Gozlan et al, 1999
44	Spawning substrate	Stones and gravel	Lithophils	Mann, 1996
44	Spawning substrate	Lithophils	Lithophils	Balon, 1975
44	Spawning substrate	Coarse gravel	Lithophils	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
44	Spawning substrate	Coarse substrate	No category	Internet
45	Spawning site preparation	No, eggs are deposited on boulders in deep pools	Susbtrate chooser	Gozlan et al, 1999
45	Spawning site preparation	Zygotes are placed in a special habitat (e.g. scattered on vegetation, or buried in gravel)	Susbtrate chooser	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
45	Spawning site preparation	Open substratum spawner	Open water/substratum scatter	Balon, 1975
45	Spawning site preparation	Eggs are deposited on the substrate	Susbtrate chooser	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
48	Spawning release	Single spawning per year	Total	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
49	Parity	Single spawning per year	Iteroparous	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002
49	Parity	Could live up to 9 years	No category	Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
49	Parity	Could live up to 9 years	No category	Internet
50	Parental care	Nonguarding	No care	Gozlan et al, 1999
50	Parental care	No parental protection of zygotes, embryo and larvae	No care	Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002