Spillmann, 1961


Citation

Spillmann, C.J. (1961) Faune de France : Poissons d'eau douce., pp. 303

Associated characteristics

Species Development state Trait Primary Data Secondary Data
Anguilla anguilla Female Age at sexual maturity 10-18 14.0 year
Anguilla anguilla Female Length at sexual maturity 40-100 70.0 cm
Anguilla anguilla Male Age at sexual maturity 8-15 11.5 years
Anguilla anguilla Male Length at sexual maturity 20-50 35.0 cm
Alosa alosa Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 1.75 mm
Alosa alosa Egg Egg Buoyancy Floats during a moment and then sinks to the bottom Demersal
Alosa alosa Egg Incubation time 4-8 6.0 days
Alosa alosa Egg Degree-days for incubation 60-80 at 24°C 70.0 °C * day
Alosa alosa Female Relative fecundity About 50 50.0 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa alosa Male Male sexual dimorphism None Absent
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 22-24 [Optimum, but could start when the temperature reaches 14°C] 23.0 °C
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning water type Rapid current Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning depth Near the surface No data
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels and pebbles Lithophils
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition During the night Night
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning release Several batches Multiple
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parity Numerous exhausted spawners die after spawning Semelparous
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parental care None No care
Alosa fallax Egg Oocyte diameter 1.2-1.5 1.35 mm
Alosa fallax Egg Egg Buoyancy Sink to the bottom Demersal
Alosa fallax Egg Incubation time 4-5 4.5 days
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning season May until end of June ['May', 'June']
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning water type With constant current Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning depth Deep water [Depth not precised] No data
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night : between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. Night
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning release Free, several batches Multiple
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Parental care None No care
Barbatula barbatula Egg Oocyte diameter About 1 1.0 mm
Barbatula barbatula Male Male sexual dimorphism The second ray of pectoral fin is enlarged and longer, the second and eigth rays are recovered by sharp tubercules Absent
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May ['April', 'May']
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels or aquatic plants Lithophils
Cobitis taenia Egg Oocyte diameter About 1 1.0 mm
Cobitis taenia Male Male sexual dimorphism The second ray of the pectoral fin is enlarged, and at the base of the fin (Internal face) there is a bony process with a scale-spahe calle the Canestrini organ. Pectoral fin are relatively longer Absent
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning season End-April to June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants and stones Phytophils
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.5 1.25 mm
Blicca bjoerkna Spawning conditions Spawning season June ['June']
Abramis brama Female Relative fecundity 30-40 35.0 thousand eggs/kg
Abramis brama Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on head, fins, and sides. Colors become brighter Present
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning water type Near the shoreline Stagnant water
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning depth Near the surface No data
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning substrate On plants but also pebbles Phytophils
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Incubation time About 10 10.0 days
Alburnoides bipunctatus Female Female sexual dimorphism Some females display nuptial tubercules Present
Alburnoides bipunctatus Female Absolute fecundity About 2 2.0 thousand eggs
Alburnoides bipunctatus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules, and longer paired fin Present
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Alburnus alburnus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Alburnus alburnus Egg Incubation time 14-21 17.5 days
Alburnus alburnus Larvae Initial larval size 2-4 3.0 mm
Alburnus alburnus Female Absolute fecundity 1-2 1.5 thousand eggs
Alburnus alburnus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on back and sides, and inferior fins are colored in orange at their base Present
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature From 15 15.0 °C
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Near the shoreline Stagnant water
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Submerged plants and gravels Lithophils
Barbus barbus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Barbus barbus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Barbus barbus Egg Incubation time 7-14 10.5 days
Barbus barbus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercles on head on on three lines on the back Present
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Migration is present: sometimes 303 km in 37 days 303.0 km
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning season End of April to Mid-June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophilous spawner, which lays eggs onto gravelly bottom Lithophils
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning release 3-8000 eggs per female No category
Carassius auratus Egg Egg adhesiveness Highly adhesive Adhesive
Carassius auratus Egg Incubation time About 7 7.0 days
Carassius auratus Larvae Temperature during larval development Could tolerate 30 or more 30.0 °C
Carassius auratus Female Age at sexual maturity 2 [In France, only if water display a temperature of 20 or more] 2.0 year
Carassius auratus Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-25 [In fish farm] 22.5 °C
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants Phytophils
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning release 3-4 spawnings in reared conditions No category
Carassius carassius Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on head and first rays of fins Present
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning season June-July ['June', 'July']
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal [Sink to the bottom] Demersal
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to gravel Adhesive
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Incubation time 14 14.0 days
Chondrostoma nasus Female Female sexual dimorphism Pigmentation is more pronounced Present
Chondrostoma nasus Female Absolute fecundity 50-100 75.0 thousand eggs
Chondrostoma nasus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercles, the first ray of pectorals becomes thicker, pigmentation is more pronounced Present
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning season End of February to April ['February', 'March', 'April']
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 11 11.0 °C
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Chondrostoma toxostoma Egg Incubation time 12-15 13.5 days
Chondrostoma toxostoma Female Absolute fecundity 2.3-3.5 2.9 thousand eggs
Chondrostoma toxostoma Male Male sexual dimorphism Do not seem to display any bright color Present
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning season April ['April']
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 13 13.0 °C
Gobio gobio Egg Oocyte diameter 2 [Not specified] 2.0 mm
Gobio gobio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Gobio gobio Egg Incubation time 14-28 21.0 days
Gobio gobio Female Absolute fecundity 1-3 2.0 thousand eggs
Gobio gobio Male Male sexual dimorphism During the spawning season, male bears nuptial tubercules Present
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with some current Flowing or turbulent water
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants or gravels Lithophils
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning release By batches Multiple
Leuciscus idus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 2.5 2.5 mm
Leuciscus idus Female Absolute fecundity About 100 100.0 thousand eggs
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring ['April', 'May', 'June']
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants or sandy grounds Phytophils
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to gravel Adhesive
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Incubation time 25 25.0 days
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Temperature for incubation 13 13.0 °C
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Degree-days for incubation 325 [25 days at 13°C] 325.0 °C * day
Leuciscus leuciscus Larvae Initial larval size 7.5 7.5 mm
Leuciscus leuciscus Female Absolute fecundity 15-30 22.5 thousand eggs
Leuciscus leuciscus Male Male sexual dimorphism Bears whitish nuptial tubercules on snout, head, cheeks, opercules, sides and belly. Pectoral fin are longer in male than female Present
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Short migration No data
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Homing Spawning areas are not fixed Present
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning season February until May ['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 4-5 [Southern populations from 10 February to 24 March] 4.5 weeks
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.5 1.25 mm
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Incubation time 6 6.0 days
Phoxinus phoxinus Larvae Initial larval size 2-5 3.5 mm
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Age at sexual maturity 2-3 2.5 year
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Female sexual dimorphism Bright colors Absent
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Absolute fecundity 1 1.0 thousand eggs
Phoxinus phoxinus Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Phoxinus phoxinus Male Male sexual dimorphism Bear nuptial tubercules on head, and bright colours Present
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Short migrations No data
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Pebbles and gravels Lithophils
Rutilus rutilus Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.5 1.25 mm
Rutilus rutilus Egg Incubation time 8-15 11.5 days
Rutilus rutilus Female Absolute fecundity 20-100 60.0 thousand eggs
Rutilus rutilus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on head, snout, sides of the head, fins Present
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning season April ['April']
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Short period, all individuals spawn together No data
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 15 15.0 °C
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Oocyte diameter 1 1.0 mm
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Incubation time 8-15 11.5 days
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Female Absolute fecundity 100 100.0 thousand eggs
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on head and back Present
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May ['April', 'May']
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Quite long period No data
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 18-27 22.5 °C
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants Phytophils
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning release Fractionnal spawner No category
Tinca tinca Egg Oocyte diameter <1 1.0 mm
Tinca tinca Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Tinca tinca Egg Incubation time 6-8 [Depending on the temperature] 7.0 days
Tinca tinca Female Female sexual dimorphism No Absent
Tinca tinca Female Absolute fecundity 300 (Female of one pound) 300.0 thousand eggs
Tinca tinca Male Male sexual dimorphism Two lateral thickning sysmetric of the muscle wall, located just behind and above the insertion of the pelvic fin Absent
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning season May-July (sometimes in August) ['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 18-26 22.0 °C
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants Phytophils
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple spawning Multiple
Esox lucius Egg Oocyte diameter 2-2.5 [Not specified] 2.25 mm
Esox lucius Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Esox lucius Egg Incubation time 10-12 11.0 days
Esox lucius Egg Temperature for incubation 10 10.0 °C
Esox lucius Larvae Initial larval size 8 8.0 mm
Esox lucius Female Relative fecundity 30 30.0 thousand eggs/kg
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning season End of February in South, until April in North of France ['February', 'April']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 7-10 8.5 °C
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning water type Calm waters near the shoreline Stagnant water
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants Phytophils
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Early in the morning Day
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Mating system By pair, or by small groups of 1 female and 2-3 males Monogamy
Lota lota Egg Oocyte diameter Slightly above 1 1.0 mm
Lota lota Egg Egg adhesiveness Not sticky, free on the ground Non-Adhesive
Lota lota Egg Degree-days for incubation 200 200.0 °C * day
Lota lota Female Relative fecundity 1000 1000.0 thousand eggs/kg
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning season During winter [February in France] ['January', 'February', 'March']
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 5-10 7.5 °C
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning depth Sometimes quite deep in lakes No data
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Clear gravels Lithophils
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive [Stick to the substrate] Adhesive
Lepomis gibbosus Female Absolute fecundity Several thousands No data
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand Psammophils
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Mating system Several female may mate in the same nest No category
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are deposited in clusters in the center of the nest Fractional
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Parental care Spawn is guarded by male Male parental care
Micropterus salmoides Egg Oocyte diameter 1.45-1.5 1.48 mm
Micropterus salmoides Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs are adhesive Adhesive
Micropterus salmoides Egg Incubation time 5-6 at 17°C 5.5 days
Micropterus salmoides Egg Degree-days for incubation 85-105 95.0 °C * day
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Initial larval size 2.3 2.3 mm
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in the nest during 2-3 month, and than leave the nest but stay together during 2-3 months Demersal
Micropterus salmoides Female Absolute fecundity 2-3 [about 1/8 of female weight] 2.5 thousand eggs
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning season Mid-April until end of May ['April', 'May']
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 16-18 17.0 °C
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning water type Calm waters No category
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning depth Nest are constructed mainly in shallow waters (45-80cm) 62.5 m
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male construct a nest No category
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Mating system By pair Monogamy
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parental care The spawning is guarded by the male and larvae are also guarded during 3 to 4 weeks after the hatching. Male parental care
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Oocyte diameter 1 1.0 mm
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Egg adhesiveness Sticky Adhesive
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Incubation time About 10 10.0 days
Gymnocephalus cernua Larvae Initial larval size 3 3.0 mm
Gymnocephalus cernua Female Absolute fecundity 100-150 125.0 thousand eggs
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning season March to May ['March', 'April', 'May']
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are extruted in long adhesive and 'accordion folded' strands like perch ??? No category
Perca fluviatilis Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2.0 [Not precised] 1.75 mm
Perca fluviatilis Egg Incubation time 8 at 13°C 8.0 days
Perca fluviatilis Egg Degree-days for incubation 104 104.0 °C * day
Perca fluviatilis Larvae Full yolk-sac resorption 105 105.0 °C * day
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning season March until May ['March', 'April', 'May']
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 13-14 13.5 °C
Sander lucioperca Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 [Not specified] 1.5 mm
Sander lucioperca Egg Incubation time 10-16 13.0 days
Sander lucioperca Egg Temperature for incubation 12-15 13.5 °C
Sander lucioperca Egg Degree-days for incubation About 120-150 [i.e. 10-16 days at 12-15°C] 135.0 °C * day
Sander lucioperca Larvae Initial larval size 3.5 3.5 mm
Sander lucioperca Female Female sexual dimorphism During the spawning season, female display a white belly compared to male Present
Sander lucioperca Female Relative fecundity About 200 200.0 thousand eggs/kg
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning temperature About 15 15.0 °C
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning depth Quite deep No data
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand or gravel Lithophils
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Parental care The spawning is guarded Biparental care
Salvelinus alpinus Egg Oocyte diameter 4-4.5 4.25 mm
Salvelinus alpinus Larvae Initial larval size 15 15.0 mm
Salvelinus alpinus Female Relative fecundity About 1 1.0 thousand eggs/kg
Salvelinus alpinus Male Male sexual dimorphism Bright colors on sides and pair and impair fins Present
Cottus gobio Egg Oocyte diameter 2.5 2.5 mm
Cottus gobio Egg Incubation time 30 30.0 days
Cottus gobio Egg Temperature for incubation 11 11.0 °C
Cottus gobio Egg Degree-days for incubation About 300 [i.e. 30 days at 11°C] 300.0 °C * day
Cottus gobio Larvae Initial larval size 7.5 7.5 mm
Cottus gobio Larvae Full yolk-sac resorption The resorbtion of yolk requires 275 °D 275.0 °C * day
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April ['March', 'April']
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning release 100 to 500 eggs by spawning No category
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards the nest Male parental care
Misgurnus fossilis Larvae Reaction to light 1.5 Reaction to light Photopositive