Bruslé, J. and Quignard, J.P. (2001) Biologie des poissons d'eau douce européens., pp.
Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
Anguilla anguilla | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Average diameter: 1.15 | 1.15 mm |
Anguilla anguilla | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | About 2 mm after fertilization | 2.0 mm |
Anguilla anguilla | Larvae | Initial larval size | 2.9 | 2.9 mm |
Anguilla anguilla | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Pelagic | Pelagic |
Anguilla anguilla | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-12 [Female] | 7.5 year |
Anguilla anguilla | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 45-50 [Female] | 47.5 cm |
Anguilla anguilla | Female | Relative fecundity | 700-2600 up to 3000 | 1650.0 thousand eggs/kg |
Anguilla anguilla | Female | Maximum GSI value | Up to 32 to 60% in artificial conditions ! | 32.0 percent |
Anguilla anguilla | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 2.5-5 [Male] | 3.75 years |
Anguilla anguilla | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 30-45 [Male] | 37.5 cm |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | 6000-8000 km | 7000.0 km |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration period | In France in fall: October to December | ['October', 'November', 'December'] |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Reproduction from February to April or March to July | No data |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 16-17 | 16.5 °C |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Sargasso Sea [Larvae hatch in region with low current] | Flowing or turbulent water |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 1.5-2 | 1.75 mm |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.5-2 [Sometimes up to 4.4 ?] | 1.75 mm |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Pelagic and could derive during several kms but then sinks to the bottom | Pelagic |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | No | Non-Adhesive |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Incubation time | About 4 [At 18-20°C] | 19.0 days |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 18-20 [The hatching is only possible above 18°C] | 19.0 °C |
Alosa alosa | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 67-125 | 96.0 °C * day |
Alosa alosa | Larvae | Initial larval size | 7-12 | 9.5 mm |
Alosa alosa | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Remains in the gravel | Demersal |
Alosa alosa | Larvae | Reaction to light | Photophobic | Photophobic |
Alosa alosa | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | 18-20 | 19.0 °C |
Alosa alosa | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 4-6 | 5.0 year |
Alosa alosa | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 36-60 | 48.0 cm |
Alosa alosa | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | 1.845 | 1.84 kg |
Alosa alosa | Female | Relative fecundity | 100-240 [98-110 in Gironde, France] | 170.0 thousand eggs/kg |
Alosa alosa | Female | Maximum GSI value | 16-27% [Not precised] | 21.5 percent |
Alosa alosa | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 3-5 | 4.0 years |
Alosa alosa | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 32-56 | 44.0 cm |
Alosa alosa | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.985 | 0.98 kg |
Alosa alosa | Male | Maximum GSI value | 7.5-10% [Not precised] | 8.75 percent |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | Up to 700 km | 700.0 km |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration period | March to June-July [Water temperature of 10-11°C] | ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July'] |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | May to July | ['May', 'June', 'July'] |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Several months | No data |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Quite rapid current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Shallow : 0.50-1.50 m | 1.0 m |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravels to coarse pebbles | Lithophils |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Night : during 1 and 5 a.m. | Night |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One female followed by 5-6 males | Polyandry |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | 5 to 7 batches during a spawning season | Multiple |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Parity | Semelparous, most fish die after psawning [10-11% of male and 19% of female survive in the Dordogne, France] | Semelparous |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Parental care | None | No care |
Alosa fallax | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.8-2.4 | 2.1 mm |
Alosa fallax | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Pelagic and could derive but then sink to the bottom | Pelagic |
Alosa fallax | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | No | Non-Adhesive |
Alosa fallax | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 70-78 | 74.0 °C * day |
Alosa fallax | Larvae | Initial larval size | 4.25-6 | 5.12 mm |
Alosa fallax | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-5 | 4.0 year |
Alosa fallax | Female | Relative fecundity | 100-117 | 108.5 thousand eggs/kg |
Alosa fallax | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 2-3 | 2.5 years |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | Depend but could be short, i.e. 60 km | 60.0 km |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Homing | Presence of homing, more pronounced than that of Alosa alosa | Present |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | June-July | ['June', 'July'] |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 18-22 | 20.0 °C |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Turbide water | No category |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 1.5-3 | 2.25 m |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravels and pebbles [sometimes sand] | Lithophils |