Bruslé and Quignard, 2001


Citation

Bruslé, J. and Quignard, J.P. (2001) Biologie des poissons d'eau douce européens., pp.

Associated characteristics

Species Development state Trait Primary Data Secondary Data
Anguilla anguilla Egg Oocyte diameter Average diameter: 1.15 1.15 mm
Anguilla anguilla Egg Egg size after water-hardening About 2 mm after fertilization 2.0 mm
Anguilla anguilla Larvae Initial larval size 2.9 2.9 mm
Anguilla anguilla Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic Pelagic
Anguilla anguilla Female Age at sexual maturity 3-12 [Female] 7.5 year
Anguilla anguilla Female Length at sexual maturity 45-50 [Female] 47.5 cm
Anguilla anguilla Female Relative fecundity 700-2600 up to 3000 1650.0 thousand eggs/kg
Anguilla anguilla Female Maximum GSI value Up to 32 to 60% in artificial conditions ! 32.0 percent
Anguilla anguilla Male Age at sexual maturity 2.5-5 [Male] 3.75 years
Anguilla anguilla Male Length at sexual maturity 30-45 [Male] 37.5 cm
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance 6000-8000 km 7000.0 km
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning migration period In France in fall: October to December ['October', 'November', 'December']
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Reproduction from February to April or March to July No data
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 16-17 16.5 °C
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning water type Sargasso Sea [Larvae hatch in region with low current] Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa alosa Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 1.75 mm
Alosa alosa Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.5-2 [Sometimes up to 4.4 ?] 1.75 mm
Alosa alosa Egg Egg Buoyancy Pelagic and could derive during several kms but then sinks to the bottom Pelagic
Alosa alosa Egg Egg adhesiveness No Non-Adhesive
Alosa alosa Egg Incubation time About 4 [At 18-20°C] 19.0 days
Alosa alosa Egg Temperature for incubation 18-20 [The hatching is only possible above 18°C] 19.0 °C
Alosa alosa Egg Degree-days for incubation 67-125 96.0 °C * day
Alosa alosa Larvae Initial larval size 7-12 9.5 mm
Alosa alosa Larvae Larvae behaviour Remains in the gravel Demersal
Alosa alosa Larvae Reaction to light Photophobic Photophobic
Alosa alosa Larvae Temperature during larval development 18-20 19.0 °C
Alosa alosa Female Age at sexual maturity 4-6 5.0 year
Alosa alosa Female Length at sexual maturity 36-60 48.0 cm
Alosa alosa Female Weight at sexual maturity 1.845 1.84 kg
Alosa alosa Female Relative fecundity 100-240 [98-110 in Gironde, France] 170.0 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa alosa Female Maximum GSI value 16-27% [Not precised] 21.5 percent
Alosa alosa Male Age at sexual maturity 3-5 4.0 years
Alosa alosa Male Length at sexual maturity 32-56 44.0 cm
Alosa alosa Male Weight at sexual maturity 0.985 0.98 kg
Alosa alosa Male Maximum GSI value 7.5-10% [Not precised] 8.75 percent
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Up to 700 km 700.0 km
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning migration period March to June-July [Water temperature of 10-11°C] ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning season May to July ['May', 'June', 'July']
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Several months No data
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning water type Quite rapid current Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow : 0.50-1.50 m 1.0 m
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels to coarse pebbles Lithophils
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night : during 1 and 5 a.m. Night
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Mating system One female followed by 5-6 males Polyandry
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning release 5 to 7 batches during a spawning season Multiple
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parity Semelparous, most fish die after psawning [10-11% of male and 19% of female survive in the Dordogne, France] Semelparous
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parental care None No care
Alosa fallax Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.8-2.4 2.1 mm
Alosa fallax Egg Egg Buoyancy Pelagic and could derive but then sink to the bottom Pelagic
Alosa fallax Egg Egg adhesiveness No Non-Adhesive
Alosa fallax Egg Degree-days for incubation 70-78 74.0 °C * day
Alosa fallax Larvae Initial larval size 4.25-6 5.12 mm
Alosa fallax Female Age at sexual maturity 3-5 4.0 year
Alosa fallax Female Relative fecundity 100-117 108.5 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa fallax Male Age at sexual maturity 2-3 2.5 years
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Depend but could be short, i.e. 60 km 60.0 km
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Homing Presence of homing, more pronounced than that of Alosa alosa Present
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning season June-July ['June', 'July']
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 18-22 20.0 °C
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning water type Turbide water No category
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning depth 1.5-3 2.25 m
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels and pebbles [sometimes sand] Lithophils
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night : between midnight and 2 a.m. Night
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning release Several batches during a spawning season Multiple
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous, most survive after spawning [84% of male and 77-97% of female in Gironde, France], up to 3-4 tiesin a lifespan Iteroparous
Barbatula barbatula Egg Oocyte diameter 0.9-1.4 1.15 mm
Barbatula barbatula Egg Incubation time 14-16 [At 12-16°C] 15.0 days
Barbatula barbatula Egg Temperature for incubation 12-16 14.0 °C
Barbatula barbatula Egg Degree-days for incubation About 200 200.0 °C * day
Barbatula barbatula Larvae Initial larval size 3-4 3.5 mm
Barbatula barbatula Female Age at sexual maturity 1-2 1.5 year
Barbatula barbatula Female Relative fecundity 0.216-0.833 0.52 thousand eggs/kg
Barbatula barbatula Female Absolute fecundity 1.7-27 14.35 thousand eggs
Barbatula barbatula Male Age at sexual maturity 1 1.0 years
Barbatula barbatula Male Male sexual dimorphism The second ray is enlarged and longer and sharp tubercules on second and sixth rays of pectoral fin Absent
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning season April until June and sometimes July ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Psmanophile: gravels or roots of aquatic plants Lithophils
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Cobitis taenia Egg Oocyte diameter 1.1-1.5 1.3 mm
Cobitis taenia Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Cobitis taenia Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs are stuck to the stones Adhesive
Cobitis taenia Egg Incubation time 2-3 [22-25°C] 2.5 days
Cobitis taenia Egg Temperature for incubation 22-25 23.5 °C
Cobitis taenia Egg Degree-days for incubation 45-68 56.5 °C * day
Cobitis taenia Larvae Initial larval size 3-4 3.5 mm
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning season April until June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Stones Lithophils
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Parental care Male guard eggs until hatching Male parental care
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to plants Adhesive
Blicca bjoerkna Larvae Initial larval size 5 5.0 mm
Blicca bjoerkna Female Absolute fecundity 100-200 150.0 thousand eggs
Blicca bjoerkna Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June-July ['May', 'June', 'July']
Blicca bjoerkna Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple, fractional spawner Multiple
Abramis brama Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Abramis brama Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Abramis brama Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs stick to plants Adhesive
Abramis brama Egg Incubation time 3-12 [9 at 20°C, 10 at 18°C] 7.5 days
Abramis brama Egg Temperature for incubation 18-20 19.0 °C
Abramis brama Egg Degree-days for incubation 180.0 180.0 °C * day
Abramis brama Larvae Initial larval size 4.8 4.8 mm
Abramis brama Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain fixed to plants until the full resorption of yolk sac Demersal
Abramis brama Female Age at sexual maturity 3-4 [Southern Europe], 5-7 [Nothern Europe] 3.5 year
Abramis brama Female Length at sexual maturity 18-24 [Sex not precised] 21.0 cm
Abramis brama Female Relative fecundity 30-40 35.0 thousand eggs/kg
Abramis brama Female Absolute fecundity 300 [For a female of 70 cm] 300.0 thousand eggs
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning water type In border of river [current about 30 cm/s] Flowing or turbulent water
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters : 20-80 cm 50.0 m
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants : phytophil or phyto-lithophyl Phytophils
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Oocyte diameter 2 2.0 mm
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Degree-days for incubation 80-100 90.0 °C * day
Alburnoides bipunctatus Larvae Initial larval size 6.5-7 6.75 mm
Alburnoides bipunctatus Female Absolute fecundity 1-2 1.5 thousand eggs
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning season End April-End July ['April', 'July']
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 15 15.0 weeks
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 12°C 12.0 °C
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil: gravel and pebbles and possibly sand Lithophils
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple spawner : eggs are released in several times Multiple
Alburnus alburnus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Alburnus alburnus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Alburnus alburnus Egg Incubation time 14-21 17.5 days
Alburnus alburnus Larvae Initial larval size 4-5.5 4.75 mm
Alburnus alburnus Female Age at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not precised] 2.0 year
Alburnus alburnus Female Absolute fecundity 5-7 6.0 thousand eggs
Alburnus alburnus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on the back Present
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15 15.0 °C
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytolithophil : sand, gravel and submerged aquatic plants Lithophils
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple : 3 spawns during the spawning season Multiple
Aspius aspius Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Aspius aspius Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Aspius aspius Egg Incubation time 10-15 at 12-16°C 12.5 days
Aspius aspius Egg Temperature for incubation 12-16 14.0 °C
Aspius aspius Egg Degree-days for incubation 160-180 [10-15 at 12-16°C] 170.0 °C * day
Aspius aspius Larvae Initial larval size 4-6 5.0 mm
Aspius aspius Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 [Danube] 4.5 year
Aspius aspius Female Relative fecundity 63-67 65.0 thousand eggs/kg
Aspius aspius Female Absolute fecundity 80-100 90.0 thousand eggs
Aspius aspius Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Anadromous migrations, short No data
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May and beginning June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Short No data
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Start with 4-6°C 5.0 °C
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning water type After riffles No category
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : stones and gravels Lithophils
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released synchronously No category
Barbus barbus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2.3 1.9 mm
Barbus barbus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Barbus barbus Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to the ground Adhesive
Barbus barbus Egg Incubation time 7-21 according to temperature 14.0 days
Barbus barbus Egg Temperature for incubation A temperature below 13.3 is considered lethal 13.3 °C
Barbus barbus Larvae Reaction to light Post-emerging fry are photophobic Photophobic
Barbus barbus Female Age at sexual maturity 7-8 7.5 year
Barbus barbus Female Length at sexual maturity 35 35.0 cm
Barbus barbus Female Absolute fecundity 30-50 40.0 thousand eggs
Barbus barbus Male Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 years
Barbus barbus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on head and sides Present
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Both sedentary and non-sedentary populations, for which a spawning migration occur : >10km per day 10.0 km
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Homing Homing is present Present
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June-Beginning of July and even April in southern region ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Starts at 13.5 13.5 °C
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning water type 28-43 cm:s No category
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters: 15-24 cm 19.5 m
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : gravels or pebbles 4-20 mm Lithophils
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Kind of, females dig a depression in the ground Susbtrate chooser
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition During the day but avoid high light intensity : mainly during morning and then end of the day, and also during the night : 2-3 hours after darkness Day
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Mating system One female and two males but a sex-ratio of 50:1 for males on the spawning grounds Polyandry
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning release Female reseased 50 egg and up to 280 releases during 10-11 hours No category
Carassius auratus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-1.7 1.6 mm
Carassius auratus Egg Incubation time 8 [20°C] 8.0 days
Carassius auratus Egg Temperature for incubation 20°C 20.0 °C
Carassius auratus Egg Degree-days for incubation 100-160 130.0 °C * day
Carassius auratus Larvae Initial larval size 4 4.0 mm
Carassius auratus Female Relative fecundity 160-200 180.0 thousand eggs/kg
Carassius auratus Female Maximum GSI value 30 30.0 percent
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning season Mid-March until End of June ['March', 'June']
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 16-17 16.5 °C
Carassius carassius Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.5 1.25 mm
Carassius carassius Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhere to submerged plants Adhesive
Carassius carassius Egg Incubation time 3-7 5.0 days
Carassius carassius Larvae Initial larval size 4 4.0 mm
Carassius carassius Female Age at sexual maturity From 2 to 4 according to latitudes 2.0 year
Carassius carassius Female Length at sexual maturity 11-13 12.0 cm
Carassius carassius Female Weight at sexual maturity 0.085-0.100 0.09 kg
Carassius carassius Female Relative fecundity 150-240 195.0 thousand eggs/kg
Carassius carassius Female Oocyte development Non-synchronous maturation No category
Carassius carassius Female Maximum GSI value About 20% 20.0 percent
Carassius carassius Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercules over the head, opercules, and first rays of pectoral fins Present
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June, April-June [Southern Region] ['April', 'May', 'June']
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15-20 17.5 °C
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophilous : submerged plants Phytophils
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Preferentially during the morning Day
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning release Fractionnal spawner : 4 to 5 spawning during a period of 10-15 days [Polycycle] No category
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.7-2.9 [Not specified] 2.3 mm
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Incubation time 10-30 20.0 days
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Degree-days for incubation 100-250 175.0 °C * day
Chondrostoma nasus Larvae Larvae behaviour Benthic, remains in the grounds Demersal
Chondrostoma nasus Larvae Reaction to light Newly hatched larvae are strongly photophobic Photophobic
Chondrostoma nasus Female Age at sexual maturity 4-7 5.5 year
Chondrostoma nasus Female Absolute fecundity 50-100 75.0 thousand eggs
Chondrostoma nasus Female Oocyte development Synchronous Synchronous
Chondrostoma nasus Female Onset of oogenesis Sexual maturation starts in Autumn and ends in March ['March', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Chondrostoma nasus Female Intensifying oogenesis activity Sexual maturation starts in Autumn and ends in March ['March', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Chondrostoma nasus Male Age at sexual maturity 3-6 4.5 years
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Small distances from the main river to tributaries No data
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning season March-May but even in February [Southern region] ['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Seems to be short : 3-4 days 3.5 weeks
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 8-9 up to 11 8.5 °C
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Grounds with current : 1m/s Flowing or turbulent water
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow: about 0.20-0.50 m 0.35 m
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : stones and gravels of 10 cm of diameter Lithophils
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released in small quantities No category
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Parental care No No category
Chondrostoma toxostoma Egg Oocyte diameter 1.75-2.2 [Not specified] 1.98 mm
Chondrostoma toxostoma Female Age at sexual maturity 4 4.0 year
Chondrostoma toxostoma Female Absolute fecundity 7-15 11.0 thousand eggs
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning season April ['April']
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 9-11 10.0 °C
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Egg size after water-hardening 4.2-5 4.6 mm
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Egg Buoyancy Pelagic Pelagic
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Incubation time 34-38 hours [24°] and 16-20 hours [28-30°C] 36.0 days
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Degree-days for incubation 34-38 DD: 34-38 hours [24°] and 16-20 hours [28-30°C] 36.0 °C * day
Ctenopharyngodon idella Larvae Initial larval size 5.2 5.2 mm
Ctenopharyngodon idella Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic and could derive Pelagic
Ctenopharyngodon idella Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 year
Ctenopharyngodon idella Female Absolute fecundity 100-900 500.0 thousand eggs
Ctenopharyngodon idella Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning season April until August ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-25 22.5 °C
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning water type Slow current, sides of river Flowing or turbulent water
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shalllow waters No data
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple spawning Multiple
Cyprinus carpio Egg Oocyte diameter 1.2-1.86 1.53 mm
Cyprinus carpio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Cyprinus carpio Egg Incubation time 4-5 4.5 days
Cyprinus carpio Egg Degree-days for incubation 70 70.0 °C * day
Cyprinus carpio Larvae Initial larval size 4.5-5 4.75 mm
Cyprinus carpio Larvae Larvae behaviour First fixed on aquatic plants then free Demersal
Cyprinus carpio Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Cyprinus carpio Female Relative fecundity 80-150 115.0 thousand eggs/kg
Cyprinus carpio Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Cyprinus carpio Female Maximum GSI value 20-30 25.0 percent
Cyprinus carpio Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning season May-July [March-August] ['March', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-22 21.0 °C
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophil : aquatic plants Phytophils
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Dawn and less in dusk Dawn
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Mating system One female and several males Polyandry
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released in two or three times over a period of 10-14 days No category
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Gobio gobio Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 1.75 mm
Gobio gobio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Gobio gobio Egg Incubation time 5-6 at 20°C 5.5 days
Gobio gobio Egg Temperature for incubation 20°C 20.0 °C
Gobio gobio Egg Degree-days for incubation 125.0 125.0 °C * day
Gobio gobio Larvae Initial larval size 4-5 4.5 mm
Gobio gobio Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Gobio gobio Female Length at sexual maturity 8-10 9.0 cm
Gobio gobio Female Relative fecundity 180-849 514.5 thousand eggs/kg
Gobio gobio Female Absolute fecundity 4.8-20.8 [Great Britain] and 0.5-3 [France] 12.8 thousand eggs
Gobio gobio Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Gobio gobio Female Maximum GSI value 23-28.6 25.8 percent
Gobio gobio Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Gobio gobio Male Male sexual dimorphism Bears nuptial tubercules Present
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May to June-July and Mid-August ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 4-8 6.0 weeks
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Ovulation requires a temperature of 16-17 [Optimum 20°C] 16.5 °C
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning water type Slow-flowing current : 10 to 80 cm/s Flowing or turbulent water
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Psmanophile: sand, pebbles and small pebbles but sometimes aquatic plants Phytophils
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning release 1000 to 5000 eggs are released each time, and 8-15 days between each spawning and four spawning duraing the season No category
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Egg Buoyancy Semi-pelagic and derive to the downstream Pelagic
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Incubation time 14-17 hour at 28-30°C 15.5 days
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Temperature for incubation 28-30 29.0 °C
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 25 25.0 °C
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning water type River with stroung current Flowing or turbulent water
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning depth Near the bottom of river No data
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.4 1.2 mm
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Incubation time 5-6 [22-24°C], 6-7 [21°C] 5.5 days
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Temperature for incubation 22-24 23.0 °C
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Degree-days for incubation 110-145 127.5 °C * day
Leucaspius delineatus Larvae Initial larval size 4-4.5 4.25 mm
Leucaspius delineatus Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic, highly active near the surface Pelagic
Leucaspius delineatus Female Absolute fecundity 0.6-2.3 1.45 thousand eggs
Leucaspius delineatus Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May and July-August ['April', 'May', 'July', 'August']
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 4-5 4.5 weeks
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15-24 19.5 °C
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Around aquatic plants Phytophils
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Rudimentary nest No category
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning release Fractionnal spawner : 3 spawns or five generations of ovocytes released by batch of 20-30 Multiple
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Parental care Eggs are guarded by the male Male parental care
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 [Not specified] 1.75 mm
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to plants and rocks Adhesive
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Incubation time 4 at 15°C 4.0 days
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Temperature for incubation 15 15.0 °C
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Degree-days for incubation 60-80 70.0 °C * day
Leuciscus cephalus Larvae Initial larval size 5.5-6.5 6.0 mm
Leuciscus cephalus Female Age at sexual maturity 3 but sometimes 5-8 6.5 year
Leuciscus cephalus Female Relative fecundity 45 45.0 thousand eggs/kg
Leuciscus cephalus Female Absolute fecundity 20-100 60.0 thousand eggs
Leuciscus cephalus Male Age at sexual maturity 2 but sometimes 4-7 5.5 years
Leuciscus cephalus Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercles Present
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance From the nutrition ground to spawning ground No data
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Homing Kind of homing has been suggested Present
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning season April to June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Close to 15°C 15.0 °C
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phyto-lithophil : plants and gravels Lithophils
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning release 4 batches per spawning season Multiple
Leuciscus idus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 2.1-2.3 2.2 mm
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Parity Live up to 10-15, even 20 years of age No category
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Oocyte diameter 2 2.0 mm
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Incubation time 25-30 days at 11-13°C 27.5 days
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Temperature for incubation 11-13 12.0 °C
Leuciscus leuciscus Egg Degree-days for incubation 320-330 325.0 °C * day
Leuciscus leuciscus Larvae Initial larval size 7-7.5 7.25 mm
Leuciscus leuciscus Female Age at sexual maturity 2 but 3-4 [Sex not precised] 3.5 year
Leuciscus leuciscus Female Length at sexual maturity 16 16.0 cm
Leuciscus leuciscus Female Relative fecundity 75 75.0 thousand eggs/kg
Leuciscus leuciscus Female Absolute fecundity 8-10 9.0 thousand eggs
Leuciscus leuciscus Male Age at sexual maturity 2 but 3-4 [Sex not precised] 3.5 years
Leuciscus leuciscus Male Length at sexual maturity 16 [Sex not precised] 16.0 cm
Leuciscus leuciscus Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears whitish nuptial tubercule Absent
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Migration prior and after spawning No data
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning season End of March-Beginning of April until May-June ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 11-12 11.5 °C
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Riffles : water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophile: sand or gravel Lithophils
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.8 1.4 mm
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to the pebbles Adhesive
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Incubation time 3-10 [4-5 at 13-14°C] 6.5 days
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Temperature for incubation 13-14 13.5 °C
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Degree-days for incubation 50-70 60.0 °C * day
Phoxinus phoxinus Larvae Initial larval size 2-5 3.5 mm
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Age at sexual maturity 2-3 2.5 year
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Length at sexual maturity 4.7 4.7 cm
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Weight at sexual maturity 1.7 g 1.7 kg
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Relative fecundity 0.5-5 2.75 thousand eggs/kg
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Absolute fecundity 1-5 3.0 thousand eggs
Phoxinus phoxinus Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Phoxinus phoxinus Male Age at sexual maturity 2-3 [Sex not precised] 2.5 years
Phoxinus phoxinus Male Length at sexual maturity 4.1 4.1 cm
Phoxinus phoxinus Male Weight at sexual maturity 1 g 1.0 kg
Phoxinus phoxinus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial color: male are much clearer than female : blue-black back and red belly Absent
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning season May and mid-June [July-August in cold region] ['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration About 6 6.0 weeks
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 10-12 11.0 °C
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Slow current Flowing or turbulent water
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : gravels and stones Lithophils
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning release 4 to 5 batches, each batch contains about 200-1000 ovocytes Multiple
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Parental care No No category
Pseudorasbora parva Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.3-1.5 or 2-2.5 [Not specified] 1.4 mm
Pseudorasbora parva Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Pseudorasbora parva Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to the substrate Adhesive
Pseudorasbora parva Egg Incubation time 12 [15-21°C], 5-7 [21-23°C], 6-8 [20°C] 18.0 days
Pseudorasbora parva Egg Temperature for incubation 15-22 18.5 °C
Pseudorasbora parva Egg Degree-days for incubation 150-200 175.0 °C * day
Pseudorasbora parva Larvae Initial larval size 4-4.5 4.25 mm
Pseudorasbora parva Female Age at sexual maturity 1 [Sex not precised] 1.0 year
Pseudorasbora parva Female Weight at sexual maturity 0.6-4.2 g 2.4 kg
Pseudorasbora parva Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Pseudorasbora parva Female Maximum GSI value 27 27.0 percent
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Spawning season April-July ['April', 'July']
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Stones Lithophils
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male clean the surface of one or several gravel of 13-31 cm of diameter No category
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Mating system One male and few females Polygyny
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Parental care Males protect the spawning Male parental care
Rhodeus sericeus Egg Oocyte diameter 2.6 [Larger diameter, the other is 1.7] 2.6 mm
Rhodeus sericeus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Rhodeus sericeus Egg Incubation time 14-21 [To leave the mussel ?] 17.5 days
Rhodeus sericeus Larvae Initial larval size 3.3 [Pigmented eye only at 7.9] 3.3 mm
Rhodeus sericeus Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in the mussel Demersal
Rhodeus sericeus Larvae Reaction to light Photophobic Photophobic
Rhodeus sericeus Female Age at sexual maturity 1 1.0 year
Rhodeus sericeus Female Length at sexual maturity 3-3.5 3.25 cm
Rhodeus sericeus Female Absolute fecundity 0.095-0.480 0.29 thousand eggs
Rhodeus sericeus Female Maximum GSI value 7-10 8.5 percent
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male defend a territory around one or several mussels, then a he brings a female No category
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Mating system One male and one female each time Monogamy
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Spawning release Several batches of eggs, the time between two batch is about 5-20 mn Multiple
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Parity 2-3 up to 5 No category
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Parental care Male defend a territory around one or several mussels, then a he brings a female Male parental care
Rutilus rutilus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.9-2.5 [not precised ?] 2.2 mm
Rutilus rutilus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Rutilus rutilus Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to the plants [Mucus of their enveloppes] Adhesive
Rutilus rutilus Egg Incubation time 4-10 7.0 days
Rutilus rutilus Egg Temperature for incubation 15-20 17.5 °C
Rutilus rutilus Egg Degree-days for incubation 150 150.0 °C * day
Rutilus rutilus Larvae Initial larval size 5-5.5 5.25 mm
Rutilus rutilus Larvae Larvae behaviour Fixed to the aquatic plants or stones by their adhesive gland Demersal
Rutilus rutilus Female Maximum GSI value 21 [Not precised] 21.0 percent
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Homing Show a certain degree of homing Present
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning season April until June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Few days No data
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-1.7 1.6 mm
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to plants Adhesive
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Incubation time 7-8 [at 14-15°C] 7.5 days
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Temperature for incubation 14-15 14.5 °C
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Egg Degree-days for incubation About 100-110 105.0 °C * day
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Larvae Initial larval size 4.5-5.4 4.95 mm
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Larvae Larvae behaviour Stick to aquatic plants with a cement cephalic gland Demersal
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Female Age at sexual maturity 2-3 [Age not precised] 2.5 year
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Female Absolute fecundity 100-200 150.0 thousand eggs
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May to July ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 18-27 22.5 °C
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters : 0.1 to 1 m 1.0 m
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophil: aquatic plants Phytophils
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning release Fractional spawner : several batches of eggs Multiple
Tinca tinca Egg Oocyte diameter 0.5-0.8 0.65 mm
Tinca tinca Egg Incubation time 2-5 3.5 days
Tinca tinca Egg Temperature for incubation 25-28 26.5 °C
Tinca tinca Egg Degree-days for incubation 36-43 39.5 °C * day
Tinca tinca Larvae Larvae behaviour Larvae remains fixed on plants by a ceplalic cemant, then becoming free Demersal
Tinca tinca Larvae Reaction to light Sensible to light Photopositive
Tinca tinca Female Relative fecundity 55-300 [Up to 1800] 177.5 thousand eggs/kg
Tinca tinca Female Absolute fecundity 200-400 300.0 thousand eggs
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning season End of May until July-August ['May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 21-25 [But 18 in England] 23.0 °C
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow : 0.5-0.8 m 0.65 m
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophil : Spawning ground are rich in aquatic plants Phytophils
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Mating system Group of 10 to 20 fishes Promiscuity
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning release 3 to 9 spawings during a season No category
Vimba vimba Egg Oocyte diameter 1.43 1.43 mm
Vimba vimba Egg Incubation time 2-3 2.5 days
Vimba vimba Larvae Initial larval size 5.5 5.5 mm
Vimba vimba Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Vimba vimba Female Length at sexual maturity >27 27.0 cm
Vimba vimba Female Absolute fecundity 100-300 200.0 thousand eggs
Vimba vimba Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Vimba vimba Male Length at sexual maturity >20 20.0 cm
Vimba vimba Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Anadromous migration: sometimes up to 870 km 870.0 km
Vimba vimba Spawning conditions Spawning season April to June-July ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Vimba vimba Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Vimba vimba Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : pebbles [Rarely on aquatic plants when there is flood] Lithophils
Gambusia affinis Larvae Initial larval size 5-10 7.5 mm
Gambusia affinis Female Age at sexual maturity 0.4 0.4 year
Gambusia affinis Female Length at sexual maturity 2.6 [Female specified] 2.6 cm
Gambusia affinis Male Age at sexual maturity 0.4 [Both sex] 0.4 years
Gambusia affinis Male Length at sexual maturity 1.3-2 [Male specified] 1.65 cm
Gambusia affinis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 25-30 for the release of neonates 27.5 °C
Gambusia affinis Spawning conditions Spawning release Release 10-100 neonates by batch, each 3-4 weeks, i.e. 3 or 5 times per year Multiple
Gambusia affinis Spawning conditions Parity Weak longevity: 6 to 18 months. This species is usually annual with fex individuals able to life and reproduce at 2 years of age No category
Gambusia affinis Spawning conditions Parental care Female is viviparous, internal fecondation: ovovipariy lecitotrophe No category
Esox lucius Egg Oocyte diameter 2.3-2.4 2.35 mm
Esox lucius Egg Egg adhesiveness The eggs are adhesive to aquatic plants (due to adhesive membrane) Adhesive
Esox lucius Egg Incubation time 15-30 [Depending on the water temperature] 22.5 days
Esox lucius Egg Temperature for incubation 3 [Lethal temperature] 3.0 °C
Esox lucius Egg Degree-days for incubation 110-130 120.0 °C * day
Esox lucius Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain fixed on aquatic plants until the resorption of the yolk sac Demersal
Esox lucius Larvae Reaction to light No photophobic reaction Photopositive
Esox lucius Larvae Sibling intracohort cannibalism Cannibalism occur when size is about 74 mm Present
Esox lucius Larvae Full yolk-sac resorption 300 [End of the fixed period] 300.0 °C * day
Esox lucius Female Age at sexual maturity 2-3 [4 years in more Southern region] 2.5 year
Esox lucius Female Length at sexual maturity 30-65 47.5 cm
Esox lucius Female Relative fecundity 15-45 30.0 thousand eggs/kg
Esox lucius Female Absolute fecundity 200 200.0 thousand eggs
Esox lucius Male Age at sexual maturity 1-2 1.5 years
Esox lucius Male Length at sexual maturity 30-45 37.5 cm
Esox lucius Male Onset of spermatogenesis September to November [High cellular activity, followed by maturation of spermatozoa from December to Mars-April] ['April', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning season February-End April [Northern Europe] and May-June [Northern region] ['February', 'April', 'May', 'June']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 7-11 9.0 °C
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning water type Littoral zones of lake and border line of pond Stagnant water
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning depth 0.10-0.75 0.42 m
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants are necessary = phytophile Phytophils
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition During the hottest hour of the day [mainly witout wind and clouds] Day
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Mating system 3 to 5 male follow one female Polyandry
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning release Frational spawning, over few days. Each spawning contains few dizaines eggs No category
Lota lota Egg Oocyte diameter 0.96-1.14 1.05 mm
Lota lota Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal, and carried by the current Demersal
Lota lota Egg Egg adhesiveness Free, then stick to the ground Adhesive
Lota lota Egg Degree-days for incubation 200 200.0 °C * day
Lota lota Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic until 6-7 mm then become benthic Pelagic
Lota lota Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Lota lota Female Length at sexual maturity 30-40 35.0 cm
Lota lota Female Relative fecundity 400-1000 700.0 thousand eggs/kg
Lota lota Female Absolute fecundity 33-5000 2516.5 thousand eggs
Lota lota Male Age at sexual maturity 1-2 1.5 years
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning season November to March [In February in Alpin lakes] ['January', 'February', 'March', 'November']
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 0.5-4 2.25 °C
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand or gravels Lithophils
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-1.9 1.7 mm
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Incubation time 8 [17-18°C], 15 [8-9°C] 17.5 days
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Temperature for incubation 8-17 12.5 °C
Gasterosteus aculeatus Egg Degree-days for incubation About 140 140.0 °C * day
Gasterosteus aculeatus Larvae Initial larval size 2-4.5 3.25 mm
Gasterosteus aculeatus Larvae Sibling intracohort cannibalism Male could eat some of their guarded eggs Absent
Gasterosteus aculeatus Female Absolute fecundity 1.3-1.8 1.55 thousand eggs
Gasterosteus aculeatus Female Maximum GSI value Up to 45 % 45.0 percent
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May but February-March in southern region ['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 8 : female release 3 to 4 batches of eggs with about 1 week between each of the batch 8.0 weeks
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 10°C 10.0 °C
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Submerged areas No category
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters : 5-20 cm 12.5 m
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Rich in vegetation Phytophils
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male builts a nest in form of a barrel using parts of plants and renal secretions No category
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Mating system One male and several female, female lay their eggs in several nest Polygyny
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning release 100-400 eggs per batch Multiple
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Parity Semelparous, broodstock die after the spawning Semelparous
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards and ventilates eggs until hatching, and then continue to protect larvae for 2 weeks [Fight between males] Male parental care
Pungitius pungitius Egg Oocyte diameter 1.2-1.5 1.35 mm
Pungitius pungitius Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Pungitius pungitius Egg Incubation time 8-15 at 10°C 11.5 days
Pungitius pungitius Egg Temperature for incubation 10 10.0 °C
Pungitius pungitius Egg Degree-days for incubation 100-150 125.0 °C * day
Pungitius pungitius Larvae Initial larval size 2-3 2.5 mm
Pungitius pungitius Female Age at sexual maturity 1 [Sex not precised] 1.0 year
Pungitius pungitius Male Age at sexual maturity 1 [Sex not precised] 1.0 years
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May and in July in Nothern region ['April', 'May', 'July']
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male built a nest with parts of aquatic plants No category
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Mating system By pair, but a nest contains eggs coming from different females Monogamy
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning release Female release about 100 eggs No category
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Parental care Male guard its nest and the spawning until and after the htaching of eggs Male parental care
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Parental care The spawning is guarded by male Male parental care
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.5 1.25 mm
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Lepomis gibbosus Egg Degree-days for incubation 150-155 152.5 °C * day
Lepomis gibbosus Larvae Initial larval size 2.4-2.9 2.65 mm
Lepomis gibbosus Larvae Larvae behaviour Gregarious Demersal
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June [But in July-September in South of France] ['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 19-20 19.5 °C
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Polyphil No category
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Mating system The spawning of several female are released in the same nest No category
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning release Several hundreds of eggs (600-5000) are released by each female in a kind of visquous ribbon Multiple
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Parental care Nest is guarded by male Male parental care
Micropterus salmoides Egg Oocyte diameter 1.4-1.8 1.6 mm
Micropterus salmoides Egg Degree-days for incubation 85-105 95.0 °C * day
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Initial larval size 2-3 2.5 mm
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Sibling intracohort cannibalism Do cannibalims but not precised when ! Absent
Micropterus salmoides Female Age at sexual maturity 2-5 [Sex not specified] 3.5 year
Micropterus salmoides Female Length at sexual maturity 25 25.0 cm
Micropterus salmoides Female Relative fecundity 4.4-6 5.2 thousand eggs/kg
Micropterus salmoides Female Maximum GSI value About 8 [April-May] 8.0 percent
Micropterus salmoides Male Age at sexual maturity 2-5 [Sex not specified] 3.5 years
Micropterus salmoides Male Length at sexual maturity 22 22.0 cm
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May or June [In France] ['April', 'May', 'June']
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 16-18 but 23°C in USA 17.0 °C
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow : 0.3-1.3 m 0.8 m
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Over sandy ground Psammophils
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male built a nest No category
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Mating system By pair Monogamy
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning release Females lay their eggs in several nests nut in a short period of time, fractionnal spawner [each nest could contain 5000-40000] Multiple
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parental care Male guard the spawning and ventilate the eggs, very aggressive, during 2-3 weeks Male parental care
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Oocyte diameter 1 1.0 mm
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Temperature for incubation 12-13 12.5 °C
Gymnocephalus cernua Egg Degree-days for incubation 130-150 140.0 °C * day
Gymnocephalus cernua Larvae Initial larval size 3 3.0 mm
Gymnocephalus cernua Female Age at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not specified] 2.0 year
Gymnocephalus cernua Female Absolute fecundity 40-1000 520.0 thousand eggs
Gymnocephalus cernua Male Age at sexual maturity 2 [ sex not specified] 2.0 years
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May but June in Nothern Region ['April', 'May', 'June']
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 10-15 12.5 °C
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow water No data
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Ribbons are winded up aquatic plants Phytophils
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning release 1000-6000 by batch, in a form of a ribbon Multiple
Perca fluviatilis Egg Oocyte diameter 2.09-2.16 and sometimes 2.3-2.9 2.12 mm
Perca fluviatilis Egg Incubation time 15 at 13.5°C 15.0 days
Perca fluviatilis Egg Temperature for incubation 7.8-16.1 11.95 °C
Perca fluviatilis Egg Degree-days for incubation 182-202 192.0 °C * day
Perca fluviatilis Larvae Initial larval size 5.8-6.3 6.05 mm
Perca fluviatilis Larvae Larvae behaviour Gregarious Demersal
Perca fluviatilis Female Age at sexual maturity End of second year 2.0 year
Perca fluviatilis Female Length at sexual maturity About 11 cm 11.0 cm
Perca fluviatilis Female Relative fecundity 70-150 110.0 thousand eggs/kg
Perca fluviatilis Female Onset of oogenesis The development of ovocytes starts in August, and vitellogenesis starts in September ['August', 'September']
Perca fluviatilis Female Maximum GSI value 21.3-24.3 22.8 percent
Perca fluviatilis Female Oogenesis duration 6-7 From August-September to April 6.5 months
Perca fluviatilis Male Age at sexual maturity End of first year 1.0 years
Perca fluviatilis Male Length at sexual maturity About 7.7 7.7 cm
Perca fluviatilis Male Maximum GSI value 6.6-7.1 6.85 percent
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April-May but end of June in Nothern Region ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 12-14 but 7°C in deep water of lakes 13.0 °C
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters: 0.6-1.50 1.05 m
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Various substrates : plants, branchs, rocks Phytophils
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Eggs are released at dawn Dawn
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Mating system One female is followed by two males No category
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning release All together, in a ribbon Total
Sander lucioperca Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Sander lucioperca Egg Egg adhesiveness Mostly attached to plants Adhesive
Sander lucioperca Egg Temperature for incubation 12-16 [Optimum temperature] 14.0 °C
Sander lucioperca Egg Degree-days for incubation 70-110 90.0 °C * day
Sander lucioperca Larvae Initial larval size 3-3.5 3.25 mm
Sander lucioperca Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 in France but 1 in Tunisia 4.5 year
Sander lucioperca Female Length at sexual maturity About 40 but 23 in Tunisia 40.0 cm
Sander lucioperca Female Relative fecundity 200 200.0 thousand eggs/kg
Sander lucioperca Female Absolute fecundity Up to 1000 1000.0 thousand eggs
Sander lucioperca Male Age at sexual maturity 2-3 2.5 years
Sander lucioperca Male Length at sexual maturity 35 35.0 cm
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance May migrate several tens of kms to find an appropriate spawning ground No data
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Homing Some return to natal spawning have been described Present
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning season April to June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 14-16 but as low as 11 in nothern region 15.0 °C
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning water type Slow-flowing current : < 1.5 m/s Flowing or turbulent water
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters : 2-2.5 m 2.25 m
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Clear ground of coarse gravel or pebbles with short plants, also with trees and submerged plants Lithophils
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male build a rudimentary nest and keeps it clean No category
Coregonus lavaretus Spawning conditions Spawning season October to December ['October', 'November', 'December']
Coregonus lavaretus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 3-3.5 3.25 °C
Coregonus albula Egg Temperature for incubation 4-7.2 5.6 °C
Coregonus albula Egg Degree-days for incubation 400-500 450.0 °C * day
Coregonus albula Larvae Temperature during larval development 15-20 17.5 °C
Coregonus albula Female Age at sexual maturity 1 1.0 year
Coregonus albula Female Relative fecundity 12-19 ??? 15.5 thousand eggs/kg
Coregonus albula Female Absolute fecundity 9-12 10.5 thousand eggs
Coregonus albula Spawning conditions Spawning season October to December ['October', 'November', 'December']
Coregonus albula Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 3.3-3.4 3.35 °C
Coregonus albula Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Hucho hucho Egg Oocyte diameter 4-5.5 4.75 mm
Hucho hucho Egg Incubation time About 30 30.0 days
Hucho hucho Egg Degree-days for incubation 260-300 280.0 °C * day
Hucho hucho Larvae Initial larval size 13-15 14.0 mm
Hucho hucho Larvae Full yolk-sac resorption 140-160 150.0 °C * day
Hucho hucho Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 year
Hucho hucho Female Relative fecundity 1.1.6 1.1 thousand eggs/kg
Hucho hucho Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Low ampliture about 5-15 km 10.0 km
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Homing Seem to display the same homing of salmon Present
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring: Mid-March until Mid-April, up to May ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 8-10 9.0 °C
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water velocities : 0.61 m/s Flowing or turbulent water
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning depth 0.30-1.20 0.75 m
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Female dig a nest Susbtrate chooser
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous : 8-12 spawning during a lifetime Iteroparous
Oncorhynchus mykiss Egg Oocyte diameter 3.5-5 4.25 mm
Oncorhynchus mykiss Egg Degree-days for incubation 290-340 315.0 °C * day
Oncorhynchus mykiss Larvae Onset of exogeneous feeding 500 500.0 °C * day
Oncorhynchus mykiss Female Age at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not specified] 2.0 year
Oncorhynchus mykiss Female Relative fecundity 1.5-2 1.75 thousand eggs/kg
Oncorhynchus mykiss Male Age at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not specified] 2.0 years
Oncorhynchus mykiss Spawning conditions Spawning season February to June [Really rare in Europe] ['February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
Oncorhynchus mykiss Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 10-13 [Optimum temperature] 11.5 °C
Salmo salar Egg Oocyte diameter 6 6.0 mm
Salmo salar Egg Degree-days for incubation 430-504 467.0 °C * day
Salmo salar Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in the gravel until the resoprtion of the yolk-sac Demersal
Salmo salar Female Relative fecundity 1.5-2 1.75 thousand eggs/kg
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Homing Present [But not as strict as sometimes think] Present
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning season From September to November in Sweden and End of November to January in France ['January', 'September', 'October', 'November']
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 4.2-5.6 [Nothern Region] and 7-12°C [Southern Region] 4.9 °C
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning water type In the upstream of river, near the shoreline (current speed of 40-50 cm/s) Stagnant water
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning depth About 20-30 cm 25.0 m
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : gravel 6-15 mm Lithophils
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Female digs one up to five excavations in the ground depending on the number of male Susbtrate chooser
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Spawning act occur at night, rarely during the day Day
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous: from 1,2 and 4 spawning in a lifetime but female could lost 99% of their fat reserve ! Iteroparous
Salmo trutta fario Egg Oocyte diameter 4-5 4.5 mm
Salmo trutta fario Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal [The female dig few nests] Demersal
Salmo trutta fario Egg Incubation time 40 [10°C] 40.0 days
Salmo trutta fario Egg Degree-days for incubation 350-420 [Water temperature about 10°C] 385.0 °C * day
Salmo trutta fario Larvae Initial larval size 15-25 20.0 mm
Salmo trutta fario Larvae Reaction to light Photophobic Photophobic
Salmo trutta fario Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Salmo trutta fario Female Relative fecundity 1.54 1.54 thousand eggs/kg
Salmo trutta fario Female Maximum GSI value 20-22 [September-October] 21.0 percent
Salmo trutta fario Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Salmo trutta fario Male Maximum GSI value 4-5 [i.e. 1/5 or 1/7 of the RGS of female] 4.5 percent
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning season October-November until January-February ['January', 'February', 'October', 'November']
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Below 12°C, the optimum is 5-6°C 5.5 °C
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning water type Rivers [Rapid current, 30 to 70/80 cm/s] Flowing or turbulent water
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning depth 20-40 cm 30.0 m
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels: 0.2 mm -2 cm [Lithophil] Lithophils
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation The female dig few nests Susbtrate chooser
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night and day Day
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Mating system By pair, one male and one female Monogamy
Salvelinus alpinus Egg Oocyte diameter 4-5.5 or 3.8-5.8 [Populations of Norway] 4.75 mm
Salvelinus alpinus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Salvelinus alpinus Egg Degree-days for incubation 450.0 450.0 °C * day
Salvelinus alpinus Larvae Initial larval size 15 [Range from 13.9-17.6] 15.75 mm
Salvelinus alpinus Female Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 year
Salvelinus alpinus Female Length at sexual maturity About 29 29.0 cm
Salvelinus alpinus Female Relative fecundity 2-4 3.0 thousand eggs/kg
Salvelinus alpinus Male Age at sexual maturity 2-3 2.5 years
Salvelinus alpinus Male Length at sexual maturity 23 23.0 cm
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning migration period The upstream migration occur from July to September, and the spawning occur at the beginning of winter in Europe ['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Homing Homing has been observed Present
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning season End of November to January ['January', 'November']
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Ovulation occurs at 5-8°C but is inhibited at 10-11°C 6.5 °C
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Depends from 60-80 m in deep lakes to shallow waters 1-3 70.0 m
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil: gravels, pebbles 1-5 cm in diameter Lithophils
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No nests, but females lay their eggs on the substrates Susbtrate chooser
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Mating system Polygamy : one female followed by 2 to 8 males Polyandry
Salvelinus fontinalis Egg Oocyte diameter 3-5 4.0 mm
Salvelinus fontinalis Egg Degree-days for incubation 350-500 425.0 °C * day
Salvelinus fontinalis Larvae Full yolk-sac resorption 220 220.0 °C * day
Salvelinus fontinalis Female Age at sexual maturity 2-3 [Sex not specified] 2.5 year
Salvelinus fontinalis Female Relative fecundity About 4 4.0 thousand eggs/kg
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning season October to January ['January', 'October', 'November']
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning water type Near the shoreline (about 3 to 13 m) Stagnant water
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters, mostly below 1 m but range between 0.60-2.60 m 1.6 m
Salvelinus namaycush Egg Oocyte diameter 4.5-6 5.25 mm
Salvelinus namaycush Egg Incubation time 105-147 126.0 days
Salvelinus namaycush Female Relative fecundity 0.8-2.4 1.6 thousand eggs/kg
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning season September to November or during winter ['January', 'February', 'March', 'September', 'October', 'November']
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning temperature < 10 10.0 °C
Thymallus thymallus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 2-3.5 [Not specified] 2.75 mm
Thymallus thymallus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal [Eggs only buried] Demersal
Thymallus thymallus Egg Incubation time 15-20 [10°C] 17.5 days
Thymallus thymallus Egg Degree-days for incubation 150-220 185.0 °C * day
Thymallus thymallus Larvae Initial larval size 10 10.0 mm
Thymallus thymallus Larvae Larvae behaviour Stay in the gravel the first week, then become pelagic Demersal
Thymallus thymallus Female Age at sexual maturity 2-3 even 4 in Nothern areas 2.5 year
Thymallus thymallus Female Relative fecundity 3-6 4.5 thousand eggs/kg
Thymallus thymallus Male Age at sexual maturity 1-2 1.5 years
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Homing Behavior homing Present
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning season Mach-April until May-June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 10-19 days [Male] and 2-3 days [Female] 14.5 weeks
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 7-12 9.5 °C
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Strong current : 40 to 70 cm/s Flowing or turbulent water
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow : 20 to 50 cm 20.0 m
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : gravels, coarse sand (between 2 to 60 mm) Lithophils
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No, eggs are only buried No category
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Either in the middle of the day or at the end of the day until the beginning of night Day
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Mating system 10 male following one female, but also two males and one female No category
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released in several times Multiple
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous: 1 or 2 in a lifetime Iteroparous
Cottus gobio Egg Oocyte diameter 2.5 2.5 mm
Cottus gobio Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal, sink to the bottom Demersal
Cottus gobio Egg Incubation time 20-25 [30 at 11°C] 22.5 days
Cottus gobio Egg Temperature for incubation 11.0 11.0 °C
Cottus gobio Egg Degree-days for incubation About 300 300.0 °C * day
Cottus gobio Larvae Initial larval size 6-7 6.5 mm
Cottus gobio Larvae Sibling intracohort cannibalism Male eat some eggs that they guard Absent
Cottus gobio Larvae Full yolk-sac resorption 275-330 302.5 °C * day
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April and May in Nothern Region ['March', 'April', 'May']
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand, gravel, pebbles Lithophils
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male built a nest No category
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Mating system One male and up to ten female No category
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning release 100-500 by batch Multiple
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards the nest, up to 3-4 weeks (aggressive) Male parental care
Silurus glanis Egg Egg size after water-hardening 3 [Not specified] 3.0 mm
Silurus glanis Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Silurus glanis Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to the roots of trees Adhesive
Silurus glanis Egg Incubation time 2.5-3 [22°C] 2.75 days
Silurus glanis Egg Temperature for incubation 22 22.0 °C
Silurus glanis Egg Degree-days for incubation 50-70 60.0 °C * day
Silurus glanis Larvae Initial larval size 6.4-6.6 6.5 mm
Silurus glanis Larvae Larvae behaviour Remains fixed to roots of the nest by a ceplalic cement glands Demersal
Silurus glanis Larvae Reaction to light Photophobic Photophobic
Silurus glanis Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 year
Silurus glanis Female Relative fecundity 20-30 25.0 thousand eggs/kg
Silurus glanis Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20 [Optimal temperature = 22-25] 23.5 °C
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Spawning water type Between plants, often near roots of trees Stagnant water
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand and mud and located near the roots of tree Psammophils
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Mating system By pair: one male and one female Monogamy
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Parental care Male guard eggs and discard mud and give oxygen to the eggs Male parental care
Misgurnus fossilis Larvae Sibling intracohort cannibalism 1.5-1.8 Absent