Silurus glanis

  • Scientific name

    • Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758)

  • Common name

    • Wels catfish

  • Family

    • Siluridae

  • External links

    • Fishbase
Trait completeness 94%
Total data201
References39
Image of Silurus glanis

Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved

Traits detail

Egg (100.0%)

Trait id Trait Primary data Secondary Data References
1 Oocyte diameter 1.65-2.3 [Diameter of ovulated egg cells] 1.97 mm Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
1 Oocyte diameter Oocytes attain final size of 2-3 2.5 mm Wisniewolski, 1988
1 Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 [Dry] 1.75 mm Hovarth et al, 1992
1 Oocyte diameter 2.5-2.9 [Ovocyte] 2.7 mm Legendre et al, 1997
1 Oocyte diameter Mean size of oocytes range from 1.842 [Range 1.00-2.67] for female of 4 years old to 2.323 [Range 1.45-3.73, for females of age 10] 1.83 mm Alp et al, 2004
2 Egg size after water-hardening 3-4 3.5 mm Hovarth et al, 1992
2 Egg size after water-hardening 3.5 [Fertilized swollen egg] 3.5 mm Legendre et al, 1997
2 Egg size after water-hardening 3.0 [Not specified, but seems unswollen] 3.0 mm Mittelbach and Persson, 1998
2 Egg size after water-hardening 3 [Not specified] 3.0 mm Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
3 Egg Buoyancy Most catfish possess demersal eggs Demersal Legendre et al, 1997
3 Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
4 Egg adhesiveness After fertilization eggs were tansferred to hatching glasses where they stick to the wall and slightly to each other Adhesive Horvath, 1977
4 Egg adhesiveness Adhesive [This adhesive membrane ensures the development of the released eggs attached to substrate] Adhesive Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
4 Egg adhesiveness Adhere to the substrate via a thich mucous coating [adhere to the nest] Adhesive Legendre et al, 1997
4 Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
4 Egg adhesiveness Stick to the roots of trees Adhesive Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
4 Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive Linhart et al, 2002
4 Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive Linhart et al, 2003
4 Egg adhesiveness The eggs are laid in a large sticky pile Adhesive Alp et al, 2004
4 Egg adhesiveness The adhesive chorion that occurs in these fish species allows the eggs to attach to various substrate types Adhesive Demsla-Zakes et al, 2005
5 Incubation time 2.5-3 2.75 days Hovarth et al, 1992
5 Incubation time 2-3 days at 22-25°C 2.5 days Legendre et al, 1997
5 Incubation time 2.5 days at 23-25°C 24.0 days Stevic et al, 1997
5 Incubation time 2.5-3 [22°C] 2.75 days Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
5 Incubation time 2.5-3 [At 22-23°C] 2.75 days Linhart et al, 2002
5 Incubation time About 2.5 days [at 18-20°C] 19.0 days Linhart et al, 2005
6 Temperature for incubation 22 22.0 °C Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
6 Temperature for incubation 22-23 22.5 °C Linhart et al, 2002
6 Temperature for incubation 22-25 23.5 °C Linhart et al, 2005
6 Temperature for incubation Tap water at 23°C 23.0 °C Linhart et al, 2005b
7 Degree-days for incubation Hatching takes place after 60-70 day°C 65.0 °C * day Horvath, 1977
7 Degree-days for incubation 50-60 55.0 °C * day Hovarth et al, 1992
7 Degree-days for incubation 50-70 60.0 °C * day Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
7 Degree-days for incubation 60 60.0 °C * day Linhart et al, 2002
7 Degree-days for incubation 50 [Hatch about 2.5 days at 18-20°C] 19.0 °C * day Linhart et al, 2005
7 Degree-days for incubation Approximately 2.5 days after fertlization at 23°C 2.5 °C * day Linhart et al, 2005b
1 Oocyte diameter 3 3.0 mm Copp et al, 2009
1 Oocyte diameter 1.8 - 2.2 2.0 mm Valadou, 2007
1 Oocyte diameter 3.43 3.43 mm Krol et al, 2014
1 Oocyte diameter 2-2.4 2.2 mm Proteau et al, 2008
2 Egg size after water-hardening 3-4 3.5 mm Proteau et al, 2008
2 Egg size after water-hardening 3-4 3.5 mm Valadou, 2007
5 Incubation time 3 3.0 days Bessis, 2012
5 Incubation time 2.5-3 2.75 days Proteau et al, 2008
5 Incubation time 1-2 1.5 days Brzuska, 2003
5 Incubation time 2-10 6.0 days Copp et al, 2009
6 Temperature for incubation 20-30 25.0 °C Kujawa et al, 2008
6 Temperature for incubation 26.5 26.5 °C Valadou, 2007
6 Temperature for incubation 22-25 23.5 °C Proteau et al, 2008
6 Temperature for incubation 22-23 22.5 °C Brzuska, 2003
6 Temperature for incubation 23-25 24.0 °C Copp et al, 2009
7 Degree-days for incubation 2-3 days @ 22-25°C 2.5 °C * day Proteau et al, 2008

Larvae (100.0%)

Trait id Trait Primary Data Secondary Data References
8 Initial larval size 6.4-6.6 6.5 mm Hovarth et al, 1992
8 Initial larval size 7.0 7.0 mm Mittelbach and Persson, 1998
8 Initial larval size 6.4-6.6 6.5 mm Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
8 Initial larval size By DPH 3 : average TL is 7.4 ± 0.894 mm ranging from 6 to 8 mm 7.4 mm Kozaric et al, 2008
9 Larvae behaviour To start with the yellow and helpless larvae lay at the bottom of the boxes. On the 2nd and 3rd day, as they became greyish, they gathered in the darker corner Demersal Horvath, 1977
9 Larvae behaviour Remains fixed to roots of the nest by a ceplalic cement glands Demersal Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
9 Larvae behaviour Remain motionless on the bottom, 5-6 days after they swim well Demersal Linhart et al, 2002
10 Reaction to light Light caused aggressive bahavior of fish, they crowded at the bottom, near the walls, and in tank corers. The fish reared in darkness were evenly dispersed in the entire water volume and did not crowd Photopositive Kozlowski and Poczyczynski, 1999
10 Reaction to light Photophobic Photophobic Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
11 Temperature during larval development 22-26 24.0 °C Horvath, 1977
11 Temperature during larval development 25-30 27.5 °C Wolnicki et al, 1998
11 Temperature during larval development 26-28 27.0 °C Kozlowski and Poczyczynski, 1999
11 Temperature during larval development 22-25 for the first 2-3 days, 25-28 for the other 2-3 days 23.5 °C Linhart et al, 2002
11 Temperature during larval development Both systems were supplied with the same treated wter from a water-pipe network with temperature ranging from 23 to 26°C 23.0 °C Brzuska and Adamek, 1999
12 Sibling intracohort cannibalism Fish loss to cannibalims was equal to 2% and 17 % of overall mortality in these groups respectively Absent Wolnicki et al, 1998
12 Sibling intracohort cannibalism In the course of the trial , the fish manifested neither sibling cannibalism nor any indications of an aggressive behavior Absent Wolnicki and Myszkowski, 1998
12 Sibling intracohort cannibalism Cannibalism was 7% lower in case of fish reared in darkness than in group [The level of cannibalism was directly related to stocking density in that experiment]. Cannibalism may be reduced by fish rearing in darkness, at stocking densities under 25 ind. dm-3 Present Kozlowski and Poczyczynski, 1999
13 Full yolk-sac resorption A yolk sac was present during the first 5 days (1-5 DPH) 3.0 °C * day Kozaric et al, 2008
14 Onset of exogeneous feeding After their first feeding (5-7 days old) at temperature of 22-26°C 6.0 °C * day Horvath, 1977
14 Onset of exogeneous feeding 125 [5 days at 25°C] 125.0 °C * day Wolnicki et al, 1998
14 Onset of exogeneous feeding 130 [5 days at 28°C] 130.0 °C * day Wolnicki and Myszkowski, 1998
14 Onset of exogeneous feeding 150.0 150.0 °C * day Linhart et al, 2002
14 Onset of exogeneous feeding Exogenous feeding started at DPH 4 and there was a 2-day mixed endogenous-exogenous feeding period 4.0 °C * day Kozaric et al, 2008
10 Reaction to light Photonegative Photophobic Copp et al, 2009
8 Initial larval size 5-6 5.5 mm Proteau et al, 2008
10 Reaction to light photonegative. "groupées en zone sombre" Photophobic Proteau et al, 2008
12 Sibling intracohort cannibalism yes Present Guillaume, 2012

Female (92.0%)

Trait id Trait Primary Data Secondary Data References
15 Age at sexual maturity 4 [Mass maturation in 5-6 years] 5.5 year Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
15 Age at sexual maturity Mass maturation occurs in the 3-4 th year of life. However the maturation rate may be accelerated to 2 year [Sex not specified] 3.5 year Orlova, 1987
15 Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 year Hovarth et al, 1992
15 Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 year Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
15 Age at sexual maturity 3-5 [Sex not specified] 4.0 year Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
15 Age at sexual maturity The smallest mature female was 4 years old [3-4 for females in other sutides] 3.5 year Alp et al, 2004
15 Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 year Fishbase, 2006
16 Length at sexual maturity Mass maturation occurs at 57-66 cm, however the maturation rate may be 50.7 [Sex not specified] 61.5 cm Orlova, 1987
16 Length at sexual maturity 63.5 63.5 cm Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
16 Length at sexual maturity 50-70 60.0 cm Hovarth et al, 1992
16 Length at sexual maturity 50-60 [Sex not specified] 55.0 cm Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
16 Length at sexual maturity The smallest mature female was 86.0 cm [85.0-90.0 cm], also [58-60 for both sex in other studies] 87.5 cm Alp et al, 2004
17 Weight at sexual maturity Mass maturation occurs at 1.3-2.3 kg, however the maturation rate may be 1.22 kg [Sex not specified] 1.8 kg Orlova, 1987
17 Weight at sexual maturity 2.6 2.6 kg Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
17 Weight at sexual maturity 4-12 8.0 kg Hovarth et al, 1992
17 Weight at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not specified] 2.0 kg Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
17 Weight at sexual maturity The smallest mature female was 4.434 [1-2, 1.43 for both sex in other studies] 1.5 kg Alp et al, 2004
19 Relative fecundity About 30 [A female of 2 kg release 60000 eggs] 30.0 thousand eggs/kg Maitland, 1977
19 Relative fecundity 10-48 29.0 thousand eggs/kg Hovarth et al, 1992
19 Relative fecundity 10-25 [Usual fecundity of female broodfish] 17.5 thousand eggs/kg Legendre et al, 1997
19 Relative fecundity 7-42 24.5 thousand eggs/kg Mittelbach and Persson, 1998
19 Relative fecundity 20-30 25.0 thousand eggs/kg Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
19 Relative fecundity 20-30 25.0 thousand eggs/kg Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
19 Relative fecundity 8.443 +/ 1.114 [12,7 in other studies] 8.44 thousand eggs/kg Alp et al, 2004
20 Absolute fecundity Number of the yellow oocytes in particular females amounted to from 34.7 thousand in a female weghting 5.3 kg to 788.0 thousand in a female weighting 36.0 kg [Described in other study : 38592-306240; 11810-1380000; 27400-384500; 42822-391411; 356400; 14600-285000; 61400-249300] 172416.0 thousand eggs Wisniewolski, 1988
20 Absolute fecundity 50-200 125.0 thousand eggs Hovarth et al, 1992
20 Absolute fecundity Mean fecundity 87,108 +/ 20,992 [Range 9,033 to 340,461 for females ranging from 86.0 to 151.0 cm] 87.0 thousand eggs Alp et al, 2004
21 Oocyte development Asynchronous development of sex cells Asynchronous Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
21 Oocyte development Two groups of the oocytes were present in all samples [Also described as: asynchronic development of the oocytes was observed in catfish as late as 10 days before spawning] Asynchronous Wisniewolski, 1988
22 Onset of oogenesis Yolk accumulation in the oocytes of the old generation begins in autumn, and continues for 7-8 months ['October', 'November', 'December'] Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
22 Onset of oogenesis The peak of vitellogenesis was observed in summer (July-August), and females passed winter with the ovaries in the IV th stage of development ['January', 'February', 'March', 'July', 'August', 'September'] Wisniewolski, 1988
23 Intensifying oogenesis activity Supplementary vitellogenesis took place in spring ['April', 'May', 'June'] Wisniewolski, 1988
24 Maximum GSI value 7.5% [Maturation coefficient, measured prior to spawning] 7.5 percent Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
24 Maximum GSI value 3-15 [GSI usually found in female broodstock] 9.0 percent Legendre et al, 1997
24 Maximum GSI value 4.5% [May] 4.5 percent Alp et al, 2004
25 Oogenesis duration 7-8 months 7.5 months Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
25 Oogenesis duration From December to May 7.0 months Alp et al, 2004
26 Resting period July, August: 0.42-0.81% 3.0 months Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
26 Resting period September-October: >0.05% 3.0 months Alp et al, 2004

Male (100.0%)

Trait id Trait Primary Data Secondary Data References
27 Age at sexual maturity 3 [Mass maturation at 4-5] 4.5 years Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
27 Age at sexual maturity Mas maturation occurs in the 3-4 th year of life. However the maturation rate may be accelerated to 2 year [Sex not specified] 3.5 years Orlova, 1987
27 Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years Hovarth et al, 1992
27 Age at sexual maturity 3-5 [Sex not specified] 4.0 years Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
27 Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
27 Age at sexual maturity Smallest males belonged at 3 years old [2-3 in other studies] 2.5 years Alp et al, 2004
27 Age at sexual maturity 2-3 [Male] 2.5 years Fishbase, 2006
28 Length at sexual maturity Mass maturation occurs at 57-66 cm, however the maturation rate may be 50.7 [Sex not specified] 61.5 cm Orlova, 1987
28 Length at sexual maturity 70.5 70.5 cm Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
28 Length at sexual maturity 50-70 60.0 cm Hovarth et al, 1992
28 Length at sexual maturity 50-60 [Sex not specified] 55.0 cm Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
28 Length at sexual maturity Smallest males belonged to the 80-85 cm length class [the smallest male was 83.0 cm], also [58-60 both sex, other studies] 82.5 cm Alp et al, 2004
29 Weight at sexual maturity Mass maturation occurs at 1.3-2.3 kg, however the maturation rate may be 1.22 kg [Sex not specified] 1.8 kg Orlova, 1987
29 Weight at sexual maturity 2.2 2.2 kg Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
29 Weight at sexual maturity 3-7 5.0 kg Hovarth et al, 1992
29 Weight at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not specified] 2.0 kg Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
29 Weight at sexual maturity The smallest male was 3.744 [12, 1.43 for both sex in other studies] 3.74 kg Alp et al, 2004
30 Male sexual dimorphism Sexual dimorphism is not very pronounced. Females have a comparatively more oval, convex and blunt genital papilla, while male present a more conical papilla and a brush part on the first spin ray of the pectoral fin, but difficulty on distinguishing differences may lead to erros in sexing Absent Legendre et al, 1997
30 Male sexual dimorphism Males grew 2 to 15% faster than females Absent Alp et al, 2004
31 Onset of spermatogenesis End of July-August ['July', 'August'] Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
31 Onset of spermatogenesis December ['December'] Alp et al, 2004
32 Main spermatogenesis activity September ['September'] Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
32 Main spermatogenesis activity March-April and May ['March', 'April', 'May'] Alp et al, 2004
33 Maximum GSI value May reach 0.94%, but mean is 0.38% 0.94 percent Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
33 Maximum GSI value In captivity GSI reaches 1-1.5% 1.25 percent Legendre et al, 1997
33 Maximum GSI value 0.2 [May] 0.2 percent Alp et al, 2004
34 Spermatogenesis duration 2 months [July to September] 2.0 months Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
35 Resting period 0.12-0.25% at the end of July [June-July] 3.0 months Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
35 Resting period Low between August and November 5.0 months Alp et al, 2004

Spawning conditions (87.0%)

Trait id Trait Primary Data Secondary Data References
36 Spawning migration distance No migration No data Agence de l'eau,
37 Spawning migration period Leave their winter shelters from the main channel of danube for entering into the spawning areas when water temperature is about 4-6°C ['January', 'February', 'March'] Ciolac, 2004
39 Spawning season May-July ['May', 'July'] The Halyn Publishing Group limited, 1976
39 Spawning season Spawning lasted from the beginning of May to the end of the third week in June ['May', 'June'] Horvath, 1977
39 Spawning season Second half of May ['May'] Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
39 Spawning season In Dagestan (USSR) catfish spawn at the end of May, but in Polish conditions in mid-june ['May'] Wisniewolski, 1988
39 Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June'] Hovarth et al, 1992
39 Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June'] Billard, 1997
39 Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June'] Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
39 Spawning season June, thermophilic species ['June'] Ulikowski, 2004
39 Spawning season June to August ['June', 'July', 'August'] Alp et al, 2004
39 Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June'] Fishbase, 2006
40 Spawning period duration 3-4 [Begins at the end of June and ends in Mid-July] 3.5 weeks Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
41 Spawning temperature Reared at 23-24°C 23.5 °C Horvath, 1977
41 Spawning temperature 18-19°C 18.5 °C Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
41 Spawning temperature 22-24 23.0 °C Hovarth et al, 1992
41 Spawning temperature Spawning can be started as soon as the pond water temperature reaches 20-22°C 21.0 °C Legendre et al, 1997
41 Spawning temperature 20 20.0 °C Mittelbach and Persson, 1998
41 Spawning temperature 20 [Optimal temperature = 22-25] 23.5 °C Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
41 Spawning temperature Exceed 18 18.0 °C Ulikowski, 2004
42 Spawning water type Spawn in Amudar'ya River, its backwaters and lakes adjacent to the river Stagnant water Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
42 Spawning water type Between plants, often near roots of trees Stagnant water Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
42 Spawning water type Fish spawning out of the tributary area: carp, pikeperch, catfish Silurus glanis and eel No category Hladik and Kubecka, 2003
43 Spawning depth Shallow waters No data Maitland, 1977
44 Spawning substrate Phytophil Phytophils Balon, 1975
44 Spawning substrate Under vegetation Phytophils Maitland, 1977
44 Spawning substrate Phytophil Phytophils Wolter and Vilcinskas, 1997
44 Spawning substrate Sand and mud and located near the roots of tree Psammophils Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
44 Spawning substrate Over roots No category Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
45 Spawning site preparation Substratum choosers No category Balon, 1975
45 Spawning site preparation Males buries a nest No category The Halyn Publishing Group limited, 1976
45 Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in a hole within the ground Susbtrate chooser Billard, 1997
45 Spawning site preparation The male cleans the nest and after a period of courtship spawning takes place No category Legendre et al, 1997
45 Spawning site preparation Male clear an area No category Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
45 Spawning site preparation The male opens out a depression in the bottom No category Alp et al, 2004
45 Spawning site preparation Male spawing territories No category Ah-King et al, 2004
45 Spawning site preparation Clutch tenders No category Fishbase, 2006
45 Spawning site preparation Artifical nests installed in spawning grounds No category Brzuska and Adamek, 1999
47 Mating system The aggressiveness of both sexes increase during the spanwing season and heavy injuries occur even during the normal spawning process. Such injuries may later be the cause of death No category Horvath, 1977
47 Mating system By pair: one male and one female Monogamy Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
47 Mating system Spawing in pairs Monogamy Ah-King et al, 2004
48 Spawning release Spawns intermittently [Most female spawns two batches of eggs] Multiple Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
48 Spawning release After reaching maturity in nature, reproduce only once year Total Legendre et al, 1997
48 Spawning release One clear seasonal peak per year Total Fishbase, 2006
49 Parity Alternate year spawning by some females No category Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
49 Parity After reaching maturity in nature, reproduce only once year No category Legendre et al, 1997
50 Parental care Males guard eggs until hatching Male parental care The Halyn Publishing Group limited, 1976
50 Parental care Guarded by the male Male parental care Legendre et al, 1997
50 Parental care Male guards eggs Male parental care Billard, 1997
50 Parental care Male guard eggs and discard mud and give oxygen to the eggs Male parental care Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
50 Parental care Male guards eggs Male parental care Schlumberger and Proteau, 2001
50 Parental care The eggs are guarded by the males until they hatch Male parental care Alp et al, 2004
50 Parental care Males guards the nest Male parental care Ah-King et al, 2004
50 Parental care Male guards a cluster of eggs Male parental care Fishbase, 2006