Billard, 1997



Citation


Billard, R. and Linhart, O. and Fierville, F. and Cosson, J. (1997) Motility of European catfish Silurus glanis spermatozoa in testes and in milt. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii/Polish Archives of Hydrobiology [Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol./Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol.], pp. 115-122

Associated characteristics


Species Development state Trait Primary Data Secondary Data
Alosa alosa Egg Oocyte diameter 1.6 1.6 mm
Alosa alosa Egg Incubation time 7 7.0 days
Alosa alosa Female Age at sexual maturity 3-6 4.5 year
Alosa alosa Female Weight at sexual maturity 1.3-3.5 2.4 kg
Alosa alosa Female Relative fecundity 125 125.0 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa alosa Male Age at sexual maturity 4-7 5.5 years
Alosa alosa Male Weight at sexual maturity 1.2-2.5 1.85 kg
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Spring ['April', 'May', 'June']
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning season June-July ['June', 'July']
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning water type Rapid current Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Mating system Monogamy : by pairs Monogamy
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parity Part of spawners die after the spawning season and survivors get back to sea immediatly Semelparous
Alosa fallax Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Alosa fallax Female Age at sexual maturity 4-7 5.5 year
Alosa fallax Female Relative fecundity 100 100.0 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa fallax Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15-20 17.5 °C
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Over grounds of sand or pebbles Lithophils
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night Night
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Mating system Schools No category
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Parity Spawners get back to sea immediatly after the spawning season No category
Aphanius iberus Egg Oocyte diameter Big eggs No data
Aphanius iberus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal [Eggs are deposited on plants located on the ground] Demersal
Aphanius iberus Spawning conditions Spawning season Summer ['July', 'August', 'September']
Aphanius iberus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 25 25.0 °C
Aphanius iberus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited on plants located on the ground Susbtrate chooser
Valencia hispanica Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-25 22.5 °C
Valencia hispanica Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Submerged plants Phytophils
Valencia hispanica Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are deposited solely No category
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels and plants Lithophils
Cobitis taenia Male Male sexual dimorphism The second ray of pectoral fin is sticker and nuptial tubercles apperas on pelvic fins during breeding season Present
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning water type Well-oxygenated Flowing or turbulent water
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants and stones Phytophils
Blicca bjoerkna Spawning conditions Spawning season May-July ['May', 'July']
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning season May-July ['May', 'July']
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 12°C 12.0 °C
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants Phytophils
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Deep water No data
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravel Lithophils
Alburnus alburnus Male Male sexual dimorphism During reproduction, males bears nuptial tubercules on back and sides. Besides, during that period inferior fins are orange at their bases Present
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Submerged plants and gravels Lithophils
Aspius aspius Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercles over the body, particulalry the head during the breeding season Present
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Over grounds with stones, gravels and coarse sand Lithophils
Barbus barbus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Pebbles and gravels Lithophils
Carassius auratus Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercles on head, opercules, and first rays of pectoral fins Present
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning season March until June ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning season June-July ['June', 'July']
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning release In rearing conditions, up to 3-4 spawnings per season No category
Carassius carassius Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercules over the head, opercules, and first rays of pectoral fins Present
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning season March-June ['March', 'June']
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to rocks Adhesive
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning season February-April ['February', 'April']
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning season April ['April']
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning depth Very shallow waters No data
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Gobio gobio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Gobio gobio Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercles on head Present
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels and plants Lithophils
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning release Released by small batches Multiple
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Egg Buoyancy Semi-pelagic [Needs a river must be longer than 200 km] Pelagic
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Incubation time 29-36 hour at 20°C 32.5 days
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Degree-days for incubation 24-30 27.0 °C * day
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 17-25 21.0 °C
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with strong current: 0.7-1.4 m/s Flowing or turbulent water
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning depth Deep water No data
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Incubation time 10 10.0 days
Leucaspius delineatus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercles on male at maturity Present
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May ['April', 'May']
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophil: in plants Phytophils
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Parental care Eggs are guarded by the male during the time of incubation (about 10 days) Male parental care
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to plants and gravels Adhesive
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 15°C 15.0 °C
Leuciscus cephalus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants and gravels Lithophils
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring ['April', 'May', 'June']
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Several days [Male arrives first on spawning grounds] No data
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Leuciscus idus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants or gravels Lithophils
Leuciscus leuciscus Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April ['March', 'April']
Phoxinus phoxinus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to the pebbles Adhesive
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Phoxinus phoxinus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Stones and gravels Lithophils
Pseudorasbora parva Female Maximum GSI value Up to 27% 27.0 percent
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants Phytophils
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Spawning release Under optimal temperature, female spawns each 5 days No category
Pseudorasbora parva Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards eggs Male parental care
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Mussels Ostracophils
Rhodeus sericeus Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards the eggs and larvae until they quit the mussel Male parental care
Rutilus rutilus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning season April to June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Rutilus rutilus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Plants, roots, stones Phytophils
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Submerged plants Phytophils
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning season May-August ['May', 'August']
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants Phytophils
Tinca tinca Spawning conditions Spawning release 3 if temperature is low and up to 9 during warm summer No category
Vimba vimba Male Male sexual dimorphism Brighter colors of males, brown sides and red belly Present
Vimba vimba Spawning conditions Spawning season Spring ['April', 'May', 'June']
Vimba vimba Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Gambusia affinis Female Oocyte development Viviparous No category
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning season February-April ['February', 'April']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Lota lota Egg Egg adhesiveness Free on the ground Non-Adhesive
Lota lota Female Absolute fecundity 300-400 350.0 thousand eggs
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning season December-January ['January', 'December']
Lota lota Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 1.0 1.0 °C
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male builts a nest with rests of plants (Arianophile) No category
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Parity Can reproduce twice in a year No category
Gasterosteus aculeatus Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards eggs and juveniles Male parental care
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Pungitius pungitius Spawning conditions Parity Several spawns per year Iteroparous
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels or plants Lithophils
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Excavations buried on the ground No category
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Parental care The spawning is guarded by male Male parental care
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand Psammophils
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Excavation constructs by both parents Nest built by both parents
Lepomis gibbosus Spawning conditions Spawning release Deposited in clusters Fractional
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Male builts a nest No category
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning season March to July ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards the eggs and alevins; during that period he is very agrressive and eat few Male parental care
Dicentrarchus labrax Spawning conditions Spawning season December-April ['April', 'December']
Dicentrarchus labrax Spawning conditions Spawning water type Coastal zones, at sea No category
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning season March to May ['March', 'April', 'May']
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited on plants or rocks Susbtrate chooser
Gymnocephalus cernua Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are extruted in long adhesive and 'accordion folded' strands No category
Perca fluviatilis Spawning conditions Spawning season March-June ['March', 'June']
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning temperature About 11°C 11.0 °C
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current: 1.40-1.50 m/s Flowing or turbulent water
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning depth Quite deep water No data
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravel and sand Lithophils
Sander lucioperca Spawning conditions Parental care Males guards the eggs Male parental care
Coregonus lavaretus Spawning conditions Spawning season October-December ['October', 'December']
Coregonus lavaretus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Shore of lakes Stagnant water
Coregonus lavaretus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April ['March', 'April']
Hucho hucho Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Oncorhynchus mykiss Spawning conditions Spawning season October to May ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'October', 'November']
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Long migrations No data
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning season Fall ['October', 'November', 'December']
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning season October-January ['January', 'October']
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels [Big pebbles >60 mm and sand <4 mm led to less survival] Lithophils
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are buried in substrates Susbtrate chooser
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning season November to January ['January', 'November']
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Bottom of lakes with constant and strong current, sometimes in plein water Stagnant water
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning season October-November ['October', 'November']
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels Lithophils
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Lay eggs in nests and recovered by gravels No category
Salvelinus namaycush Female Age at sexual maturity 6-7 [Sex not specified] 6.5 year
Salvelinus namaycush Male Age at sexual maturity 6-7 [Sex not specified] 6.5 years
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning season October-November ['October', 'November']
Thymallus thymallus Egg Egg Buoyancy Eggs are deposited Demersal
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April ['March', 'April']
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravel or sand Lithophils
Thymallus thymallus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited Susbtrate chooser
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April ['March', 'April']
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited under stones Susbtrate chooser
Cottus gobio Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards eggs Male parental care
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June ['May', 'June']
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in a hole within the ground Susbtrate chooser
Silurus glanis Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards eggs Male parental care
Osmerus eperlanus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive [Stick to gravels during beginning of embryogenesis then derive] Adhesive
Osmerus eperlanus Spawning conditions Spawning season March-April ['March', 'April']
Osmerus eperlanus Spawning conditions Spawning water type In freswater, near the tidal zone No category
Osmerus eperlanus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Sand or gravel Lithophils
Osmerus eperlanus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited Susbtrate chooser