Male - Maximum GSI value

(0-70 percent)



Species Primary Data Secondary Data Reference
Anguilla anguilla Maximum GSI obtained in different studies: 12.6 only, 40 in other previous experiment and 60.7. 12.6 Boetius and Boetius, 1980
Anguilla anguilla Reach 43.8-57.9 before spawning 50.85 Bezdenezhinykh and Petukhov, 1982
Anguilla anguilla About 50% in artificial conditions 50.0 Vollestad and Jonsson, 1986
Anguilla anguilla Up to 32 to 60% in artificial conditions ! 32.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Anguilla anguilla 31.8 in artificial conditions 31.8 Pedersen, 2003
Anguilla anguilla GSI of 44.8 ± 6.5 (range 36.3-60.0) in artificial conditions 44.8 Palstra et al, 2005
Anguilla anguilla GSI of 68.4% 68.4 Amin, 1998
Anguilla anguilla GSI equalled from 35.1 to 42.3 35.1 Epler et al, 1981
Alosa alosa 16-27% [Not precised] 21.5 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alosa alosa Max 21.63 21.63 Maitland and Lyle, 2005
Alosa alosa Calculated based on Table 1. Around 18-20% in April-May 19.0 Collares-Pereira et al, 1999
Alosa fallax 23.31 23.31 Maitland and Lyle, 2005
Alosa fallax 18.8 ± 7.5% 18.8 Doherty et al, 2004
Alosa fallax Mean of 8.30 ± 0.83 [Between May and July] 8.3 Lopez et al, 2007
Alosa sapidissima Mean 20.5, up to 35.4 20.5 Olney et al, 2001
Alosa sapidissima 14-19 [Calculated from values given by the authors] 16.5 Olney and McBride, 2003
Aphanius iberus Mean of 14 [Up to 17.5] in July 14.0 Vargas and De Sostoa, 1997
Aphanius iberus Two maxima: one in April [mean of 13, up to 14.5] and a second in August-September [mean of 3, up to 4]. Each maximum represented females of different ages 13.0 Fernandez-Delgado et al, 1988
Valencia hispanica A mean of 12% [Up to 14%] in April 12.0 Caiola et al, 2001
Barbatula barbatula 30-32 [Before spawning in May] 31.0 Skryabin, 1993
Barbatula barbatula 7.5-23.9 [November-December] and 16.3-24.6 [May] 15.7 Saat et al, 2003
Barbatula barbatula From March to June, with a few small fish excepted, GSI lies on or above 10%, in a few instances reaching the high figures of 35%. From July to August, the ratio ranges between 3 and 20%, the higher values being largely late-spawners or non-spawners 10.0 Smyly, 1955
Cobitis taenia Mean of 0.28, range 0.24-0.30 [Mid June but for GSR, which is the gonad weight/total weight minus gonad weight] 0.27 Marconato and Rasotto, 1989
Cobitis taenia 13-24 [Late June and early July, GSI depending on the fish length] 18.5 Vaino and Saat, 2003
Cobitis paludica 11.46 [April-June] 11.46 Oliva-Paterna et al, 2002
Blicca bjoerkna 14.5 [Mid-June, prior to spawning] 14.5 Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
Blicca bjoerkna Mean of 8, but up to 12% [Mid-May] 8.0 Hansen, 1980
Blicca bjoerkna 7.07 ± 1.00 [In April] 7.07 Lefler et al, 2006
Blicca bjoerkna Ovary weight gradually increases during the spring months and peaks at the beginning of May (15.56%) 15.56 Lefler et al, 2008
Abramis brama Mean of 16.8-21 [Up to 23.8] 18.9 Backiel and Zawiska, 1968
Abramis brama Up to 23.3 [Calculated without viscera] 23.3 Sokolova, 1990
Abramis brama GSI observed in different areas: 16.3 [Drukshya], 33-43 [Kama], 8.3-18.5 [Volga], 5.5-28.4 [Goczalkowice] 38.0 Brylinska and Boron, 2004
Abramis brama The lowest and highest mean coefficients in males were 2.141 (June 1976, Lake Dabie) and 24.532 (late May, 1976, Regalicia) 2.14 Kompowski, 1982
Abramis brama In spring, the ovaries accouned for 0.2-24.7% of the total body weight 12.45 Neja and Kompowski, 2001
Alburnoides bipunctatus 20.5 ± 0.9 [n=24] in May, 25 20.5 Yildirim et al, 1999
Alburnoides bipunctatus GSI ranged from 1.6 to 36.4 1.6 Polacik and Kovac, 2006
Alburnus alburnus 17.1 (June, prior to spawning) 17.1 Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
Aristichthys nobilis 17-20% 18.5 Jennigs, 1988
Aristichthys nobilis Average maturity rate 13.6% 13.6 Naca, 1989
Aristichthys nobilis Max=14.7 [Up to 20% in China] in May 14.7 Schrank and Guy, 2002
Aristichthys nobilis In Fish from Moldova ponds maturation indexes comprised only 6-9%, on other coolers of Ukraine 10-12%. By our observations in ponds in Turmenistan and Uzbekistan this index comprises 11-13% 7.5 Makeyeva et al, 1996
Aspius aspius The highest average values of this index among females 12.07 occurred at the end of March. This is also when the maximum individual value of this index was observed 20.73 (range 0.22-20.73) 10.47 Kompowski et Neja, 2004
Aspius aspius 8.6-15.3 (mean 11.6) 11.95 Shikhshabekov, 1979
Barbus barbus About 11%, up to 12 [In beginning of June] 11.0 Lobon-Cervia and Fernandez-Delgado, 1984
Barbus barbus 6.15 ± 2.14 [In April] 6.15 Lefler et al, 2006
Barbus barbus GSI reaches its maximim value at the beginning of May (11.00%) 11.0 Lefler et al, 2008
Carassius auratus 18.7 ± 0.8 (April 30) 18.7 Kagawa et al, 1983
Carassius auratus 10.5 ± 1.2 (May) 10.5 Kobayashi et al, 1986
Carassius auratus 30 30.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Carassius carassius About 20% 20.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Carassius carassius GSI range from an average of 5.51 ± 1.36 (range 3.92-7.91); to 8.59 ± 1.80 (range 5.60-11.8), and 11.56 ± 5.78 (range 3.63-20.98) in three fifferent regions in May 5.51 Aho and Holopainen, 2000
Carassius carassius Total mass of eggs related to body mass ranged from 11.7-20.3%, which is much higher than the data of other authors (0.9-12.8%) 16.0 Sczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996
Chondrostoma nasus 20.15 ± 3.12 [In April] 20.15 Lefler et al, 2006
Chondrostoma nasus GSI = 20.63% in April 11 (n = 12) 20.63 Lefler et al, 2008
Ctenopharyngodon idella 18.4-21.6 % Prior to ovulation 20.0 Khan et al, 2004
Ctenopharyngodon idella 20% 20.0 Shireman and Smith, 1983
Ctenopharyngodon idella Average maturity rate of 14.2% 14.2 Naca, 1989
Cyprinus carpio 20-30 25.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Cyprinus carpio About 10% 10.0 Yaron and Levavi-Zermonsky, 1986
Cyprinus carpio Mean of 28%, up to 30% [June] 28.0 Crivelli, 1981
Cyprinus carpio Maximum GSI values in female 17%, less than in other studies 29% 17.0 Dubost et al, 1997
Cyprinus carpio Mean of 18% up to 21-22% [In October in Australia] 21.5 Smith and Walker, 2004
Cyprinus carpio About 25% [May] 25.0 June, 1977
Cyprinus carpio Recorded estimates are usually around 20% for males 20.0 Smith, 2004
Gobio gobio 16.53 ± 1.53 [Idem as Spawning value, May-June] 16.53 Rinchard et al, 1993
Gobio gobio 23-28.6 25.8 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gobio gobio 16.5% [June, and July] 16.5 Kestemont, 1987
Gobio gobio 17.1 [April, May] 17.1 Rosecchi et al, 2001
Gobio gobio Huge variations between females, from 4 to 22, most between 12-18% in May 15.0 Mann, 1980
Gobio gobio 13.5 [End of May in the control group] 13.5 Kestemont, 1990
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 18-20% [Not specified when] 19.0 Makeeva et al, 1988
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Average maturity rate 15.1% 15.1 Naca, 1989
Leucaspius delineatus Mean about 13%, up to 16% [In May] 13.0 Cassou and Le Louarn, 1991
Leuciscus cephalus 13.56 [May] 13.56 Kalkan et al, 2005
Leuciscus cephalus Up to 15-18% [June] 16.5 Unlu and Balci, 1993
Leuciscus cephalus 7.37% [In March] 7.37 Sasi, 2003
Leuciscus cephalus 9-10% [In Mid-May] 9.5 Mann, 1976
Leuciscus cephalus 12, range 11-14 [In June] 12.5 Poncin et al, 1989
Leuciscus cephalus The maximum values for females in May was calculated to be 9.1 9.1 Ünver, 1998
Leuciscus cephalus Just before spawning ovaries may contribute to 1% body mass. Other authors said that at the brginning of spawning ovarian mass depends on female body size and contributes to 7.3-19.6% 13.45 Zelepien, 1997
Leuciscus cephalus Around 10% based on graph in May 10.0 Erdogan et al, 2002
Leuciscus idus GSI of mature females just before spawning (March-April) ranges from 7 to 20%, typically about 12%. In Scandinavian populations GSI value are higher, from 17 to 30% (mean 21%) 7.0 Witkowski et al, 1997
Leuciscus idus 19.14 ± 2.24 [In April] 19.14 Lefler et al, 2006
Leuciscus idus GSI =18.57 % in March 29 (n=5) 18.57 Lefler et al, 2008
Leuciscus leuciscus The average GSI for females about to spawn was 13.8% [Range 8.9-19.4%] 14.15 Lobon-cervia et al, 1996
Leuciscus leuciscus Mean of 16%, range 15-17% [Mid-March] 16.0 Mann, 1974
Mylopharyngodon piceus Average 11.00 11.0 Naca, 1989
Phoxinus phoxinus Mean 20 [early June], but up to 25% 20.0 Mills, 1987
Phoxinus phoxinus 20 20.0 Wooton and Mills, 1979
Phoxinus phoxinus Mean 14, up to 16 [May] 14.0 Scott, 1979
Phoxinus phoxinus 14.2-25.5, mean 18.2 [Not specified when] 19.85 Heese, 1984
Phoxinus phoxinus Range between 12-14 during May-June 13.0 Mills and Eloranta, 1985
Phoxinus phoxinus Maximum GSI vary between 4 locations, about 8-9% in Mid-May [Papulampi, eastern forest Lapland]; about 6-7% in Mid-June [Lapland]; 13-14 in Mid-May [Central Finland] and 21-22 in Mid-June [Southern england] 8.5 Mills, 1988
Pimephales promelas Mean GSI of 9.71 ± 0.5, up to 12 9.71 Jensen et al, 2001
Pseudorasbora parva 27 27.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Pseudorasbora parva Up to 30% [June, prior to spawning] 30.0 Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982
Pseudorasbora parva Up to 27% 27.0 Billard, 1997
Pseudorasbora parva 27.9 [May] 27.9 Rosecchi et al, 2001
Rhodeus sericeus 7-10 8.5 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Rutilus rutilus 21 [Mid-May, prior to spawning] 21.0 Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
Rutilus rutilus 21 [Not precised] 21.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Rutilus rutilus 14-16 [Just prior spawning in May] 15.0 Mann, 1973
Rutilus rutilus Between 9.03 up to 16.67 increase with the age of female [7.35 for the smallest mature female] 9.03 Papageorgiou, 1979
Rutilus rutilus About 11% in 2001 and 15% in 2002 [End of April] 11.0 Tarkan et al, 2006
Rutilus rutilus 0.0 Libovarsky et al, 1985
Rutilus rutilus Mean 18%, up to 30% [In April, in Gomishan] and Mean of 15% up to 23% [In April for Anzali] 18.0 Naddafi et al, 2005
Rutilus rutilus Peak at the end of May at 20-23% 21.5 Gillet and Quétin, 2006
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Average 9.3 9.3 Shikhshabekov, 1979
Scardinius erythrophthalmus About 12.5 in 2001 and 14.5% in 2002 [May] 12.5 Tarkan et al, 2006
Tinca tinca 7.95 ± 1.12 [July during spawning season] 7.95 Pinillos et al, 2003
Tinca tinca 8.3-10.5 [End of May] 9.4 Breton et al, 1980
Tinca tinca 17% [In June] 17.0 Yilmaz, 2002
Tinca tinca Most 7-10, but up to 17% [June] 8.5 Linhart and Billard, 1995
Tinca tinca Mean of 10.19 ± 0.66 [In June] 10.19 Alas and Solak, 2004
Tinca tinca Around 17% (based on graph) 17.0 Kubu and Kouril, 1985
Vimba vimba Mean 14.2%, but up to 18.0 [3 June] 14.2 Hliwa et al, 2002
Vimba vimba The average weight of the gonads calculated from 10 specimens of V. vimba obtained in 1972, of body weight 550-750 g g., constitued about 13 to over 24 per cent of the body weight of the fish, the mean being 17.3 per cent 650.0 Wajdowicz, 1974
Vimba vimba The mean GSI in eight examined females amounted to 13.9% (12.1-17.3%) 14.7 Lusk et al, 2005
Gambusia affinis 23-24.1 [From late June to early October] 23.55 Koya et al, 1998
Gambusia affinis 20-22% , every 22 days during the reproductive season 21.0 Koya et al, 2000
Esox lucius Almost 20% [Prior to spawning] 20.0 Billard, 1996
Esox lucius About 22% 22.0 Lenhardt, 1992
Esox lucius Range between 15 and 25% in February 15.0 Goedmakers and Verboom, 1974
Esox lucius Mean 8.98, range 3.81-11.28 [In L. Kinord], 8.32, range 7.42-8.92 [L. Davan], 4.0-8.7 [L. Skene], 15-20 [Windermere], 17 [Slapton Ley] 7.54 Treasurer, 1990
Esox lucius About 8% [In April] 8.0 June, 1977
Lota lota 8.8 (November 26) but also up to 16.9% 8.8 Brylinska et al, 2002
Lota lota Mean of 12, from 10-14.8 in December [Coefficient of sexual maturation] 12.4 Vedeneev et al, 2003
Lota lota 10-11 [In beginning of January] 10.5 June, 1977
Gasterosteus aculeatus Up to 45 % 45.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gasterosteus aculeatus Mean 35, range 32-44 in June [With eviscerated weight !!, about 25-30%] 38.0 Copp et al, 2002
Gasterosteus aculeatus Peak in May: Mean of 19%, up to 21 in 1974 and mean of 12.5, up to 15.5 in 1975 19.0 Wootton et al, 1978
Gasterosteus aculeatus Mean of 22; up to 25% [In June] 22.0 Borg and Van Veen, 1982
Gasterosteus aculeatus Mean of 19, 18-21, based on fig 5b 19.5 Sokolowska and Sokolowska, 2006
Pungitius pungitius About 35 in end of March [With eviscerated weight, i.e. about 25%] 35.0 Copp et al, 2002
Pungitius pungitius In females, the ovaries wan make up as much as 20% of the total weight during the reproductive period 20.0 Sokolowska and Skora, 2002
Lepomis gibbosus Up to 10.5, between 5.4-9.0, rarely peaking at 15 in Europe 7.2 Copp et al, 2002
Lepomis gibbosus Up to 15.2-15.3% 15.25 Fox and Crivelli, 1998
Lepomis gibbosus Mean of 7, up to 9.5% [In July] 7.0 Burns, 1976
Lepomis gibbosus Female mean IG: 5.6% [Ontario Lakes, Canada], 6.1%[Cottesmore Pond, England], 6.3% [Rhône River, Delta canals, France], 7.8% [Mirgenbach Reservoir, Moselle, France] 5.6 Dembski et al, 2006
Lepomis gibbosus GSI at peak months of spawning in various studies: 6.1% [England, Cottesmore pond], 9.0 [Romania, Danube Delta], 6.5 [Spain, Banyoles Lake], 6.4 [Brazil, Custodio's Dam], 9.3 [Canada, Warrens Lake], 6.9% [Canada, Black lake] 6.1 De Magalhaes and Ratton, 2005
Micropterus salmoides 7-10% (unknown sources) 8.5 Heidinger, 1976
Micropterus salmoides 4.57 for 15 forage-fed females (March); 6.97 ± 0.52 for 20 pelled-fed female (April and early May) 6.97 Rosenblum et al, 1994
Micropterus salmoides About 12 (March) 12.0 Rosenblum et al, 1999
Micropterus salmoides About 8 [April-May] 8.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Micropterus salmoides 8% [May] 8.0 Kokkidis et al, 2000
Micropterus salmoides Maximal GSI observed for females were 8.2 (unheated) and 8.8 (heated) in March 8.2 Bennett and Gibbons, 1975
Micropterus salmoides For Low Altitude sample, GSI reach 7.34% [In May] and for high altitude sample, 10.08, up to 11.23% [Early July] 7.34 Martin et al, 1997
Micropterus salmoides Gonadosomatic index were highest between July and October for female fish:, peak in beginning of August about 4, range from 2 to 7 based on Fig 5 (n=145) 4.0 Beamish et al, 2005
Dicentrarchus labrax About 7.5 [In April, at Arcachon] 7.5 Zohar et al, 1984
Dicentrarchus labrax About 7.5, in March [In Arcachon, France], 8% in January[In Sète, France], 7.5 in December [Tunisia] 7.5 Barnabé, 1980
Morone americana 7.67 ± 0.36 [April] 7.67 Jackson and Sullivan, 1995
Morone chrysops Mean 15, and up to 20% [Third week in May] 15.0 Ruelle, 1977
Morone chrysops 16-17% [End of May] 16.5 June, 1977
Morone saxatilis Vary according to the age of female from: 10.77 ±3.28 [Age 3]; 12.10 ± 4.65 [Age 4]; 13.58 ± 4.30 [Age 5]; 18.19 ± 4.09 [Age 6] in May 10.77 Olsen and Rulifson, 1992
Morone saxatilis Mean of 4% in April, for maturing captive females 4.0 Holland et al, 2000
Gymnocephalus cernua 7.1-15.6 [Average spawning GSI] 11.35 Ogle, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua 9-11 [May] 10.0 Brown et al, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua 8-11 [April] 9.5 Leino and McCormick, 1997
Gymnocephalus cernua Gonad in stage VI, meaN: 13.81, range 9.52-24.29 [In other study, the coefficient in females migrating to spawn to average 15.6 (9.0-22.0)] 16.91 Neja, 1988
Perca flavescens 21.6-22.6 22.1 Hayes and Taylor, 1994
Perca flavescens 22 in wild populations and up to 30.9% in cultured perch 22.0 Dabrowski et al, 1996
Perca flavescens From 20 to 31% [Just prior to spawning] 20.0 Heidinger and Kayes, 1986
Perca flavescens Mean 18.74% [March] 18.74 Malservisi and Magnin, 1968
Perca flavescens The fecundity index gradually increased smoothly for all age classes from April to May reaching a value of 20-25% immediatly before spawning 22.5 Brazo et al, 1975
Perca flavescens Mean 14, range 12-14 [March, but note that authors suspect that the Gsi's of yellow perch collected near to spawning (April-May) would have been higher] 13.0 Tansichuk and Mackay, 1989
Perca flavescens 18% [April] 18.0 June, 1977
Perca flavescens For stunted individuals: GSI vary between 22.5 to 30% and for normal females from 12.5-22.5% 17.5 Jansen ,1996
Perca fluviatilis 25 % [April prior to spawning] 25.0 Sulistyo et al,1998
Perca fluviatilis 21.3-24.3 22.8 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Perca fluviatilis 21.3-24.3% [Immediatly prior to spawning] 22.8 Treasurer and Holliday, 1981
Perca fluviatilis About 20% [Prior to spawning, in May] 20.0 Le Cren, 1951
Perca fluviatilis May, 18 +/- 0.6% just before spawning. 18.0 Noaksson et al, 2004
Sander lucioperca Can reach 22 for rearing individuals, but only 7 when conditions are bad 22.0 Schlumberger and Proteau, 1991
Sander lucioperca Can reach 22 [Before spawning] 22.0 Lappaleinen et al, 2003
Sander lucioperca Mean of 9, but up to 21.6 [March] 9.0 Poulet, 2004
Sander vitreus 16.3 [May, prior to spawning] 16.3 Craig, 2000
Sander vitreus 24.1-27.8 in certain areas 25.95 Colby et al, 1979
Sander vitreus About 16-17 [April] 16.5 Malison et al, 1994
Sander vitreus Mean of 16, can reach 20-22 [April] 21.0 Henderson et al, 1996
Sander vitreus About 20% [End of March] 20.0 June, 1977
Sander vitreus Summary statistics for mature adult walleye: mean GSI = 10.99 ± 0.34 [Trout Lake], 25.52 ± 0.42 [Winefred Lake], 13.46 ± 0.30 [Lake Winnipeg], 16.47 ± 0.44 [Lake of the woods], 18.57 ± 0.57 [Lac Beauchêne], 17.40 ± 0.34 [Lake Nipissing], 28.59 ± 1.05 [Lake Ontario] 10.99 Moles et al, 2008
Coregonus lavaretus 15.77 [Not specified when] 15.77 Mack and Billard, 1984
Coregonus lavaretus Mean of 16%, up to 21% [In December] 16.0 Fuller et al, 1976
Coregonus lavaretus Up to 29-30% [End of November] 29.5 Heese, 1990
Coregonus albula Mean is 23.39 ± 4.21 [November] 23.39 Demska-Zakes and Dlugosz, 1995
Coregonus albula 14.63-23.16% in Polish lakes [Up to 33.2%] 18.89 Czerniejewski and Filipiak, 2002
Coregonus albula 19-27 [Autumn spawner] to 15-20 [Winter spawner] 23.0 Lahti, 1991
Coregonus albula 26.5 [15 December], up to 29.92 [23 November] 26.5 Dlugosz and Worniallo, 1985
Coregonus albula Mean of 19.6, range 13.6-25.0 [In December for nominate form] and mean of 10.9, range 9.3-13.9 [In April/May, for deepwater form] 19.3 Anwand, 1998
Coregonus albula Gonadosomatic index for 1+ vendace females vary between years from 19 to 29% 1.0 Sarval and Helminen, 1995
Coregonus albula Means of GSI very between 24.1-29.5 between years 26.8 Sarvala et al, 1992
Coregonus albula For example in vendace females occurring in brackish waters of the Gulf of Bothnia it fits 10-12%, whereas in neighbouring lakes Keitele and Pyhajarvi it is 23.9% and 19.3%, respectively. In Polish bodies of water the values of GSI are also very variable. In Lakes of West Pomerania (Bucerz, Krzemien, and Kalensko) te size of gonds constitued between 14.63 and 23.16% of the body weight of vendace. Even wider range was determined for Masurian Lakes Dargin, Dobskie, and Kisajno. The mean values of the gonadosomatic index of vendace from lakes of West Pomerania fitted into the above range, however, few specimens from lakes Pile and Pelcz showed low values of gonadosomatic index (GSI < 10%), whereas in a single vendace female from Morynskie Lake the value of the above parameter amounted to more than 30% of the fish body weight 11.0 Czeniejewski and Filipiak, 2002
Coregonus clupeaformis Female whitefish in Lake Erie habe been calculated to lose approximatively 11% of their weight at spawning 11.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Hucho hucho Mean of 15.5% for different populations 15.5 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 17.44 ± 1.40 [Spawning grounds] 17.44 Dye et al, 1986
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Mean of 16.8 (range 16.1-17.4%) for different populations 16.75 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus keta Mean of 14.3, range 14.0 to 16.6 14.3 Bakkala, 1970
Oncorhynchus keta Mean of 17.4 for different populations 17.4 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus kisutch From 22.8 ± 2.6 to 32.5 ± 2.8 [Not specified if maximal values] 22.8 Morrison et al, 1985
Oncorhynchus kisutch 16.4 ± 4.1 [In May for broodstock population cultured in a fish farm in Southern Chile] and 23.87 ±3.21% 16.4 Estay et all., 1998
Oncorhynchus kisutch Mean of 20.7 (range 19.4-24.0) for different populations 21.7 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus mykiss 16.5 ± 0.5 [November to late November] 16.5 Bon et al, 1999
Oncorhynchus mykiss 20% just prior to ovulation in February 20.0 Tyler et al, 1990
Oncorhynchus mykiss 10.5 ± 1 [Age 2]; 10.7 ± 1.7 [Age 3] and 16.5 ± 1.9 [Age 4] for females sampled 10.5 Kato and Kamler, 1983
Oncorhynchus mykiss Mean of 14.9 (range 14?5-15.3) for anadromous populations, mean of 14.6 (range 8.3-22.6) for resident populations 10.15 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus mykiss The mean GSI : early stress = 20.9 +/- 0.8; late stress = 19.9 +/- 0.6; whole-period stress = 21.4 +/- 0.9; controls = 19.8 +/- 0.8 20.9 Contreras-Snachez et al, 1998
Oncorhynchus nerka Average of 16.8 [Kokanee] and 17.4-17.6 [Sockeye] 17.5 Kaeriyama et al, 1995
Oncorhynchus nerka Mean of 17.8 for anadromous populations, and 12 (11.4-12.8) for resident population 12.1 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha From 17.6 to 20.3 [Mean for different populations] 17.6 Kinnison et al, 1998
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Mean of 19, range 17.8-21.1, for different populations 19.45 Fleming, 1998
Salmo salar 25 [Not specified] 25.0 Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Salmo salar 17% in late March [In Tasmania, 6 months out-of-phase from nothern hemisphere] 17.0 King and Pankhurst, 2003
Salmo salar Mean of 22.2 (range 20.1-25.7%) for anadromous populations, and Mean of 17.3 (range 17.2-17.4) for resident populations 22.9 Fleming, 1998
Salmo trutta fario About 22 [October] 22.0 Billard, 1987
Salmo trutta fario 20-22 [September-October] 21.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salmo trutta fario About 20% [mid-october, independent of the distance from the sea to the spawning site] 20.0 Jonsson and Jonsson, 2006
Salmo trutta fario Mean of 18.5 (range 15-25.4) for anadromous population, mean of 12.9 (range 9.9-15.8) for resident population 20.2 Fleming, 1998
Salvelinus alpinus 18.2 [15 October] 18.2 Frantzen et al, 1997
Salvelinus alpinus 17.4 [max value observed in October] 17.4 Jamet, 1995
Salvelinus alpinus In spawning females, there was a definite increase in GSI's throughout August and september, with females immediatly prior to spawning ranging from 20-30%, up to 35.7% 25.0 Beddow et al, 1998
Salvelinus alpinus Mature small charr females: 3.2-16.6 (mean 10.1%) and mature large charr 3.8-14.3 (mean 8.4%) 9.9 Sparholt, 1985
Salvelinus alpinus Mean of 16.4 (range 12.8-18.6%) for anadromous populations, and 18.4 (range 11.9-24.3) for resident populations 15.7 Fleming, 1998
Salvelinus fontinalis 16-18% [Mid-October] 17.0 Tam et al, 1986
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 9.74, range 9.04 to 12.92 [Not specified] 9.74 Vladykov, 1956
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 10-11% [September/October] 10.5 Wydoski and Cooper, 1966
Salvelinus fontinalis Maturity indices were higher at 19 and 21 C since these fish did not spawn. The decoded-mean-maturity index (8.6) for female brook tout at 19C was derived from only three fish (0.5, 15.6, and 17.7) on November 7 the female maturity indices were 19.7 at 19°C and 16.2 at 21°C 19.0 Hokanson et al, 1973
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 13.9 for anadromous populations, and 13.2 (range 10-16.8%) for resident populations 13.4 Fleming, 1998
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 8.37 for acid lakes and 5.73 for non-acid lakes in September 8.37 St-Pierre and Moreau, 1986
Salvelinus namaycush Mean of 14.6 (range 12.3-17.6%) for different populations 14.95 Fleming, 1998
Stenodus leucichthys Mean 18.3 but up to 23.5 [First ten day period of August] 18.3 Chereshnev et al, 2000
Stenodus leucichthys 26.25 ± 2.02 26.25 Kychanov, 1982
Thymallus thymallus Mean of 15.7 but up to 18% [The highest GSI values are observed in March and at the beginning of April] 15.7 Witkowski et al, 1989
Ameiurus nebulosus 5-9 % [Late June] 7.0 Rosenblum et al, 1987
Ameiurus nebulosus 9.05 [Late May] 9.05 Burke et al, 1984
Ictalurus punctatus 10.9 [June, July] 10.9 Mackenzie et al, 1989
Ictalurus punctatus 15.2 [June] 15.2 Banks et al, 1999
Ictalurus punctatus 15.6 for prespawning females 15.6 Grizzle, 1985
Ictalurus punctatus 15 [GSI usually found in female broodstock] 15.0 Legendre et al, 1997
Ictalurus punctatus Mean of 13.8, range 11.0-19.35 [1 July] 15.18 Brauhn and McCraren, 1975
Ictalurus punctatus 5% [In May] 5.0 June, 1977
Silurus glanis 7.5% [Maturation coefficient, measured prior to spawning] 7.5 Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
Silurus glanis 3-15 [GSI usually found in female broodstock] 9.0 Legendre et al, 1997
Silurus glanis 4.5% [May] 4.5 Alp et al, 2004
Osmerus eperlanus About 18-22% 20.0 Belyanina, 1969
Anguilla anguilla Gonad weight of mature males only constitutes, at most 14% of the body weight 14.0 Vollestad and Jonsson, 1986
Anguilla anguilla 9.0 ± 1.10% coincide with the onset of spawning migration (treated males) 9.0 Amin, 1998
Alosa alosa 7.5-10% [Not precised] 8.75 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alosa alosa 8.6% 8.6 Maitland and Lyle, 2005
Alosa fallax 11.82 11.82 Maitland and Lyle, 2005
Alosa fallax 11.4 ± 2.9 11.4 Doherty et al, 2004
Aphanius iberus Mean of 2.0 [Up to 2.6], in May 2.0 Vargas and De Sostoa, 1997
Aphanius iberus Mean of 0.5 [In April] 0.5 Fernandez-Delgado et al, 1988
Valencia hispanica Up to a mean of 1.8 [Up to 2.3] in March 1.8 Caiola et al, 2001
Barbatula barbatula 1.5-2 [Beginning of the spawning season] 1.75 Saat et al, 2003
Barbatula barbatula The weight of testus was seldom more than 2% of the body weight 2.0 Smyly, 1955
Cobitis taenia 2.8 [June-July] 2.8 Vaino and Saat, 2003
Cobitis taenia About 5 but for GSR which is the gonad weight/total weight minus gonad weight 5.0 Marconato and Rasotto, 1989
Cobitis paludica 1.52% [April-June] 1.52 Oliva-Paterna et al, 2002
Abramis brama Up to 6.1% [Calculated without viscera] 6.1 Sokolova, 1990
Abramis brama Mean of 2.8-3.4 [Up to 4.6] 3.1 Backiel and Zawiska, 1968
Abramis brama The lowest and highest mean coefficients in males were 0.867 (July 1976, Lake Dabie) and 4.411 (late May, 1976, Lake Dabie) 0.87 Kompowski, 1982
Abramis brama In spring, the testes accounted for up to 3.7% 3.7 Neja and Kompowski, 2001
Alburnoides bipunctatus 13.4 [In end of May, n= 17] 13.4 Yildirim et al, 1999
Aristichthys nobilis 1.1 1.1 Schrank and Guy, 2002
Aristichthys nobilis 1.07 [Not specified if the maximum and when ?] 1.07 Belova, 1981
Aspius aspius 2.02 [April] 2.02 Kompowski et Neja, 2004
Barbus barbus About 11 [Beginning of June] 11.0 Lobon-Cervia and Fernandez-Delgado, 1984
Carassius auratus 3.2 ±0.4 [May] 3.2 Kobayashi et al, 1986
Ctenopharyngodon idella 2.27 [Not specified if the maximum and when ?] 2.27 Belova, 1981
Cyprinus carpio 7 7.0 Suquet et al, 1994
Cyprinus carpio 6.9 ± 2.6 6.9 Saad and Billard, 1987
Cyprinus carpio Range between 10.62 and 11.97 for individuals studied but not specified if the maximum and the date 10.62 Belova, 1981
Cyprinus carpio Mean of 8.2, up to 9.2 [Beginning of April] 8.2 Crivelli, 1981
Cyprinus carpio Maximum GSI for males 11% less than in other studies 15% 11.0 Dubost et al, 1997
Cyprinus carpio About 7% in March in Australia 7.0 Smith and Walker, 2004
Cyprinus carpio Recorded estimates are usually around 10% for males 10.0 Smith, 2004
Cyprinus carpio GSI reaches 16.3 +/- 2.0 for big-belly and 7.0 +/- 0.7% for Gold in November 12 in Israel 16.3 Hulata et al, 1974
Gobio gobio 2.3 [June, prior to spawning] 2.3 Kestemond, 1989
Gobio gobio 2.3 [During the breeding season] 2.3 Rosecchi et al, 2001
Gobio gobio Huge variations between individuals: mostly 1-3% in May 2.0 Mann, 1980
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Range between 0.87 and 1.64 but not specified when or if it was maximal values 0.87 Belova, 1981
Leuciscus cephalus 2.77 ± 0.04 % [April] 2.77 Guerriero et al, 2005
Leuciscus cephalus 2.29 [March] 2.29 Sasi, 2003
Leuciscus cephalus Most between 2.5-4, some almost 6% [June] 3.25 Mann, 1976
Leuciscus cephalus Mean 5, range 4-6 [June] 5.0 Poncin et al, 1989
Leuciscus cephalus The maximum values for males in May was calculated to be 5.2 5.2 Ünver, 1998
Leuciscus cephalus Up to 6% 6.0 Zelepien, 1997
Leuciscus cephalus 8.5% [In May] 8.5 Erdogan et al, 2002
Leuciscus idus In March-April, the mass of testes accounts for only 1.8% of body weight 1.8 Witkowski et al, 1997
Leuciscus leuciscus Average 1.2% 1.2 Lobon-cervia et al, 1996
Leuciscus leuciscus Mean 1.5, range 1-2% [November through December] 1.5 Mann, 1974
Phoxinus phoxinus 5.5 [Early May] 5.5 Mills, 1987
Phoxinus phoxinus 4.65% [18-20 May] 19.0 Mills and Eloranta, 1985
Pimephales promelas 1.15 ± 0.02, 1.2 1.15 Jensen et al, 2001
Pseudorasbora parva 2.3 [May] 2.3 Rosecchi et al, 2001
Rutilus rutilus 9 9.0 Suquet et al, 1994
Rutilus rutilus 9 [March] 9.0 Escaffre and Billard, 1976
Rutilus rutilus 8-9 [March] 8.5 Mann, 1973
Rutilus rutilus 9.7-11.07, quite constant during the life of male 10.38 Papageorgiou, 1979
Rutilus rutilus About 7.5% in 2001 and 8% in 2002 [April] 7.5 Tarkan et al, 2006
Rutilus rutilus Mean of 4.5, up to 7.5 and even 9% [In March, in Gomishan] and mean of 4, up to 7.5% [In March for Anzali] 4.5 Naddafi et al, 2005
Scardinius erythrophthalmus About 7% in 2001 and 9% in 2002 [In May] 7.0 Tarkan et al, 2006
Tinca tinca 0.66 (July) 0.66 Pinillos et al, 2003
Tinca tinca 1.6 [June] 1.6 Linhart and Billard, 1995
Tinca tinca About 1.7 [Beginning og June], based on graph 1.7 Kubu and Kouril, 1985
Vimba vimba Mean GSI in 14 males was 2.48% (1.68-3.38%) 2.53 Lusk et al, 2005
Gambusia affinis 3.8 [June to July] 3.8 Koya and Iwase, 2004
Esox lucius 2-3 2.5 Suquet et al, 1994
Esox lucius 2-3 [End of October] 2.5 Lenhardt, 1992
Esox lucius 2.5 [Beginning of September then slighlty decline and remain at about 1.5% until spawning] 2.5 Billard, 1996
Esox lucius 2.04 ± 0.78 [From December to April] 2.04 Hoffmann et al, 1980
Esox lucius Mean 0.94, range 0.84-1.05 [In L. Kinord], 1.14, range 0.99-1.20 [L. Davan] both in March, 2-4 [Windermere], 2 [Slapton Ley] 0.95 Treasurer, 1990
Lota lota 20.6 [November 26] but up to 25.8% 20.6 Brylinska et al, 2002
Lota lota Mean of 11.1, from 9.5-16.0 in December [Coefficient of sexual maturation] 12.75 Vedeneev et al, 2003
Lota lota The maturity index of males sharply increases in November to 14.55 14.55 Kirillov, 1989
Gasterosteus aculeatus 4.8 [April] 4.8 Copp et al, 2002
Gasterosteus aculeatus The peak of the GSI is reached in October, about a mean of 1.4, up to 1.6, and is followed by a gradual decline until August when the lowest values are reached 1.4 Borg, 1982
Gasterosteus aculeatus Around 1 in September than remained around 0.5 the rest of the year 1.0 Sokolowska and Sokolowska, 2006
Pungitius pungitius 7.4-8 [August] 7.7 Copp et al, 2002
Pungitius pungitius Based on GSI graph: 1.0 in February 1.0 Sokolowska and Skora, 2002
Lepomis gibbosus Mean 0.9, up to 1.1% [in June] 0.9 Burns, 1976
Micropterus salmoides 0.87 ± 0,07 (Beginning of April) but also 1,20 for pellet-fed male ( 0.87 Rosenblum et al, 1994
Micropterus salmoides Maximal value of GSI for males were 0.85 (unheated) and 0.81 (heated) in March 0.85 Bennett and Gibbons, 1975
Micropterus salmoides Gonadosomatic index were highest between July and September for male fish, peak in mid-July: about 0.4, range from 0.25 to 1.1 based on Fig 5 (n=309) 0.4 Beamish et al, 2005
Dicentrarchus labrax 2.5 [March in Arcachon] to 5 [February, Sète] 2.5 Zohar et al, 1984
Dicentrarchus labrax 2.5 in March [In Arcachon, France], 5% In January [In Sète, France], 5.2 in December [Tunisia] 2.5 Barnabé, 1980
Dicentrarchus labrax During the second reprodcutive period (third annual cycle), the control group showed higher GSI values (January Ferbaury 2.5-3.0%) than at the first reproductive period 2.75 Rodriguez et al, 2001
Dicentrarchus labrax January 0.0 Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003
Dicentrarchus labrax 2.5 [In January] 2.5 Rodriguez et al, 2004
Dicentrarchus labrax Mean of 1.5, up to 1.8% [In beginning of February] 1.5 Rodriguez et al, 2005
Morone americana 4.60 ± 0.31 (April) 4.6 Jackson and Sullivan, 1995
Morone chrysops Mean 5, up to 7.5 [Mid-May] 5.0 Ruelle, 1977
Morone saxatilis Mean of 9.5, up to 10.5 [Mid-April] in reared conditions 9.5 Holland et al, 2000
Gymnocephalus cernua 7-10 [Average spawning male GSI] 8.5 Ogle, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua In 3 test fish, the coefficient of maturity was 3.74, 4.18 and 4.80 3.0 Butskaya, 1981
Gymnocephalus cernua Male in VI stage, were on average 7.11, range 5.26-12.18 8.72 Neja, 1988
Perca flavescens 10 [In mid-october] 10.0 Heidinger and Kayes, 1986
Perca flavescens 8-15% 11.5 Heidinger and Kayes, 1986
Perca flavescens No value [November] 0.0 Dabrowski et al, 1996
Perca flavescens 5% in September 5.0 Tansichuk and Mackay, 1989
Perca fluviatilis 8.5 ± 1.8 [September] 8.5 Sulistyo et al, 2000
Perca fluviatilis 6.6-7.1 6.85 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Perca fluviatilis 6.6-7.1 [September-October] 6.85 Treasurer and Holliday, 1981
Perca fluviatilis About 8% [October] 8.0 Le Cren, 1951
Sander lucioperca 1% 1.0 Schlumberger and Proteau, 1991
Sander vitreus 4.3 [October and stay relatively constant after or slight decrease] 4.3 Colby et al, 1979
Sander vitreus Mean 3.2%, up to 3.7% [Prior to spawning, April] 3.2 Malison et al, 1994
Sander vitreus 4% in August and also 3.3 in April, prior to spawning 4.0 Henderson et al, 1996
Sander vitreus Summary statistics for mature adult walleye: mean GSI = 1.87 ± 0.07 [Trout Lake], 2.97 ± 0.12 [Winefred Lake], 1.35 ± 0.06 [Lake Winnipeg], 1.20 ± 0.15 [Lake of the woods], 2.50 ± 0.11 [Lac Beauchêne], 2.05 ± 0.09 [Lake Nipissing], 3.38 ± 0.19 [Lake Ontario] 1.87 Moles et al, 2008
Coregonus lavaretus 2 [Not specified] 2.0 Mack and Billard, 1984
Coregonus lavaretus Mean of 2%, up to 2.5% [In September until January, with no significant change during this period] 2.0 Fuller et al, 1976
Coregonus lavaretus Mean of 3% [In the end of October] 3.0 Heese, 1990
Coregonus albula 2.35 [End of November], 4.08%[October] 2.35 Dlugosz and Worniallo, 1985
Coregonus albula Mean of 5.1, range 3.9-6.5 [In December for nominate form] and mean of 4.9, range 3.5-6.1 [In April/May, for deepwater form] 5.2 Anwand, 1998
Hucho hucho Mean of 3 for different populations 3.0 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Mean of 5.2 (range 4.9-5.4%) for different populations 5.15 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus keta Mean of 3.7 (range 3.2-4.1%) 3.65 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus kisutch From 4.3 ± 0.3 to 6.1 ± 0.2 [Not specified if maximal values] 4.3 Morrison et al, 1985
Oncorhynchus kisutch 8.4 ± 0.8% [For broodstock population cultured in fish farm in southern Chile] 8.4 Estay et al, 1998
Oncorhynchus kisutch Mean of 5.8% (range 5.2-6.4) for different populations 5.8 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus mykiss 10 10.0 Suquet et al, 1994
Oncorhynchus mykiss Peaked in October 5.4 ± 0.8, then declined in November 5.4 Ya-yi et al, 2001
Oncorhynchus mykiss Mean of 5 for resident population 5.0 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus nerka Mean of 3.0 (range 2.1-3.4%) for anadromous populations, and Mean of 2.7 (range 2.6-2.8) for resident populations 2.75 Fleming, 1998
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Mean of 6.1 (range 5.4-6.7%) 6.05 Fleming, 1998
Salmo salar Mean of 4.1 (range 2.3-5.8%) for anadromous populations, and Mean of 8.0 (range 4.7-10) for mature male parr 4.05 Fleming, 1998
Salmo trutta fario 6 6.0 Suquet et al, 1994
Salmo trutta fario 5-6 5.5 Billard, 1987
Salmo trutta fario 4-5 [i.e. 1/5 or 1/7 of the RGS of female] 4.5 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salmo trutta fario Mean of 2.9 (range 2.7-3.0) for anadromous population, mean of 2.3 (range 1.9-2.6) for resident population 2.85 Fleming, 1998
Salvelinus alpinus 4.2 (max value in September) 4.2 Jamet, 1995
Salvelinus alpinus 1.3-6.1 [End of September] 3.7 Beddow et al, 1998
Salvelinus alpinus Mature small charr males: 3.2-12.5 (mean 7.1%) and mature large charr 1.3-4.8 (mean 2.4%) 7.85 Sparholt, 1985
Salvelinus alpinus Mean of 4.4 for anadromous populations (mean of 6.7% for mature male parr) and 2.8 for resident populations 4.4 Fleming, 1998
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 2.9 and 3.4 at 19 and 21°C respectively [November] 2.9 Hokanson et al, 1973
Salvelinus fontinalis Between 1.5 and 2% [August/September] 1.5 Wydoski and Cooper, 1966
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 1.5 for resident populations 1.5 Fleming, 1998
Salvelinus fontinalis Mean of 2.78 for acid lakes and 2.50 for non-acid lakes in September 2.78 St-Pierre and Moreau, 1986
Salvelinus namaycush Mean of 3.1 for different population 3.1 Fleming, 1998
Stenodus leucichthys 2.72 ± 0.08 2.72 Kychanov, 1982
Thymallus thymallus Mean 1.63, up to 2 [September] 1.63 Witkowski et al, 1989
Ameiurus nebulosus 0.35 (Late June) 0.35 Rosenblum et al, 1987
Ameiurus nebulosus 0.218 (Mid-May until End of June) 0.22 Burke et al, 1984
Ameiurus nebulosus 0.22 0.22 Burke and Leatherland, 1984
Ictalurus punctatus 0.3 0.3 Suquet et al, 1994
Ictalurus punctatus Averages 0.88 during July and 0.69 during November 0.88 Grizzle, 1985
Ictalurus punctatus In captivity GSI reaches 0.25 0.25 Legendre et al, 1997
Silurus glanis May reach 0.94%, but mean is 0.38% 0.94 Zholdasova and Guseva, 1987
Silurus glanis In captivity GSI reaches 1-1.5% 1.25 Legendre et al, 1997
Silurus glanis 0.2 [May] 0.2 Alp et al, 2004
Osmerus eperlanus About 5 5.0 Belyanina, 1969