Blicca bjoerkna

Scientific name

Common name

Family

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Trait completeness	70%
Total data	118
References	27

Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved

Traits detail

Egg (71%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary data	Secondary Data	References
4	Egg adhesiveness	Stick to plants	Adhesive	Rinchard, 1996
4	Egg adhesiveness	Stick to plants	Adhesive	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
4	Egg adhesiveness	Adhesive [Stick to plants]	Adhesive	Kestemont, 2001
4	Egg adhesiveness	Adhesive	Adhesive	Mann, 1996
4	Egg adhesiveness	Adhesive	Adhesive	Kunz, 2004
5	Incubation time	10-15	12.5 days	Rinchard, 1996
6	Temperature for incubation	Embryos from female bream (both fertilized with males of bream and white bream) were kept at 10-15°C, and embryos from female wite bream (both fertilized with males of bream and white bream) at 15-17°C, which corresponded to the water temperature at their natural spawning grounds	12.5 °C	Vetemaa, 2008
3	Egg Buoyancy	Demersal	Demersal	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
3	Egg Buoyancy	Demersal [Attached to dense vegetation in shallow water]	Demersal	Fishbase, 2006
3	Egg Buoyancy	Demersal	Demersal	Kunz, 2004
1	Oocyte diameter	1-1.5	1.25 mm	Spillmann, 1961
1	Oocyte diameter	1.5	1.5 mm	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
1	Oocyte diameter	1-1.5	1.25 mm	Rinchard, 1996
1	Oocyte diameter	1-1.5	1.25 mm	Kestemont, 2001
1	Oocyte diameter	In 70-80% of the females two distinct generations of egg cells were observed before spawing: oocyte diamters in the range 0.822-0.946 and 0.316-0.550 mm, respectively	0.884 mm	Luksiene, 2000

Larvae (43%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
11	Temperature during larval development	16°C [Reared conditions]	16.0 °C	Mooij, 1989
10	Reaction to light	Larvae are not photophobic	Photopositive	Mann, 1996
8	Initial larval size	5	5.0 mm	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001

Female (75%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
24	Maximum GSI value	14.5 [Mid-June, prior to spawning]	14.5 percent	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
24	Maximum GSI value	Mean of 8, but up to 12% [Mid-May]	8.0 percent	Hansen, 1980
24	Maximum GSI value	7.07 ± 1.00 [In April]	7.07 percent	Lefler, 2006
24	Maximum GSI value	Ovary weight gradually increases during the spring months and peaks at the beginning of May (15.56%)	15.56 percent	Lefler, 2008
19	Relative fecundity	70-140	105.0 thousand eggs/kg	Kestemont, 2001
19	Relative fecundity	256-773	514.5 thousand eggs/kg	Banbura and Koszalinski, 1991
27	Age at sexual maturity	2-4 [Sex not specified]	3.0 years	Rinchard, 1996
27	Age at sexual maturity	2-4 [Sex not specified]	3.0 years	Kestemont, 2001
27	Age at sexual maturity	3 [Male in Finland]	3.0 years	Fishbase, 2006
27	Age at sexual maturity	3-4 [Male]	3.5 years	Environment agency, 1996
27	Age at sexual maturity	Females and some males reach maturity at an age of 4 years, but most males mature one year earlier	4.0 years	Hansen, 1980
26	Resting period	Relatively long period	No data	Rinchard, 1996
26	Resting period	About 5 [July until the next spring]	5.0 months	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
26	Resting period	The ovary of the white bream enters a period of tranquillity between November and March	No data	Lefler, 2008
22	Onset of oogenesis	August-September	['August', 'September']	Hansen, 1980
22	Onset of oogenesis	The intensity of ovogenesis began to increase in August and September. […] Based on our investigations the GSI value is about 4.5% at the end of September, which can clearly be explained by oocytes entering the stage of cortical alveoli	['August', 'September']	Lefler, 2008
23	Intensifying oogenesis activity	April and May	['April', 'May']	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
23	Intensifying oogenesis activity	April	['April']	Hansen, 1980
23	Intensifying oogenesis activity	Most stages of gonad maturation take place in spring	['April', 'May', 'June']	Fredrich, 2003
23	Intensifying oogenesis activity	6.79 ± 1.22 [October] to 7.07 ± 1.00 [In April]	['April', 'October']	Lefler, 2006
23	Intensifying oogenesis activity	The long period of tranquillity is followed in early spring by a rapid gain in ovary weight which is a result of increasing day length, temperature, and improving food supply. By April, the intensity of ovogenesis in the ovaries increased again. The GSI value increased one and a half times in a short period of time (from 5.67% to 8.67%) [...] Thus, in the one - one and a half months prior to spawning vert intensive qualitative and quatitative processes can be observed in the ovary. This is the most intensive period of the ovarian cycle which is shown by quantifiable reproductive indicators.	['April', 'May', 'June']	Lefler, 2008
21	Oocyte development	Group-synchronous	Group-synchronous	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
21	Oocyte development	Group-synchronous	Group-synchronous	Kestemont, 2001
21	Oocyte development	Asynchronous development	Asynchronous	Luksiene, 2000
20	Absolute fecundity	11-82	46.5 thousand eggs	Rinchard, 1996
20	Absolute fecundity	100-200	150.0 thousand eggs	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
20	Absolute fecundity	Mean of 53 144, range 37 753-116 720 Others studies described it as: 6 700-197 700]	58.0 thousand eggs	Banbura and Koszalinski, 1991
20	Absolute fecundity	Categorized as between 2000 and 100000 eggs per reproductive cycle	2000.0 thousand eggs	Cattanéo, 2001
16	Length at sexual maturity	13-15 [Sex not specified, in Finland]	14.0 cm	Fishbase, 2006
16	Length at sexual maturity	Mean of 14.4	14.4 cm	Hansen, 1980
16	Length at sexual maturity	Mean of 20.61, range 18.4-33.1 for females studied	25.75 cm	Banbura and Koszalinski, 1991
15	Age at sexual maturity	2-4 [Sex not specified]	3.0 year	Rinchard, 1996
15	Age at sexual maturity	2-4 [Sex not specified]	3.0 year	Kestemont, 2001
15	Age at sexual maturity	4 [Female in Finland]	4.0 year	Fishbase, 2006
15	Age at sexual maturity	4-5 [Female]	4.5 year	Environment agency, 1996
15	Age at sexual maturity	Females and some males reach maturity at an age of 4 years	4.0 year	Hansen, 1980

Male (56%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
30	Male sexual dimorphism	Nuptial tubercules all over the body and first rays of pectoral fins	Present	Rinchard, 1996
30	Male sexual dimorphism	When the white bream reach maturity, females grow faster than males	Absent	Hansen, 1980
28	Length at sexual maturity	13-15 [Sex not specified, in Finland]	14.0 cm	Fishbase, 2006
28	Length at sexual maturity	Mean of 11.1-13.3	12.2 cm	Hansen, 1980

Spawning conditions (87%)

Trait id	Trait	Primary Data	Secondary Data	References
47	Mating system	Exhibits polyandry, with courting tactics developped by males	Polyandry	Fishbase, 2006
50	Parental care	Nonguarders	No care	Fishbase, 2006
50	Parental care	Non-guarder	No care	Mann, 1996
44	Spawning substrate	Phytophil : plants	Phytophils	Rinchard, 1996
44	Spawning substrate	Phytophil : plants	Phytophils	Kestemont, 2001
44	Spawning substrate	Plant substratum	Phytophils	Fishbase, 2006
44	Spawning substrate	Phytophils: eggs adhere to submerged macrophytes, <20 cm in diameter	Phytophils	Mann, 1996
44	Spawning substrate	Weed	Phytophils	Environment agency, 1996
44	Spawning substrate	Phytophil	Phytophils	Wolter and Vilcinskas, 1997
44	Spawning substrate	Phytophils	Phytophils	Balon, 1975
44	Spawning substrate	Phytophil	Phytophils	Cattanéo, 2001
44	Spawning substrate	Spawn amongst dense beds of submerged macrophytes	No category	Smith, 2004
44	Spawning substrate	Among roots of reed and rush	No category	Vetemaa, 2008
45	Spawning site preparation	No, open water/substratum egg scatterers	Open water/substratum scatter	Fishbase, 2006
45	Spawning site preparation	Open substratum spawners	Open water/substratum scatter	Mann, 1996
41	Spawning temperature	16-17	16.5 °C	Rinchard, 1996
41	Spawning temperature	16-25	20.5 °C	Kestemont, 2001
41	Spawning temperature	16-25	20.5 °C	Mann, 1996
41	Spawning temperature	16-25	20.5 °C	Environment agency, 1996
41	Spawning temperature	16-18°C	17.0 °C	Vetemaa, 2008
40	Spawning period duration	4	4.0 weeks	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
40	Spawning period duration	Several weeks	No data	Molls, 1999
40	Spawning period duration	3-4 [In 1974, the white bream spawned from 10 June to 1 July and in 1975 sapwning started at the end of May and lasted about 20 June]	3.5 weeks	Hansen, 1980
42	Spawning water type	Oxbows, rich in vegetation but return to the river after spawning	No category	Molls, 1999
42	Spawning water type	Some species seem to be strickly dependent on the tributary zone as they were never observed reproducing in the reservoir (asp, bleak, chub and white bream), while others are facultative tributary users (roach, bream, pike, perch, rudd).	No category	Hladik and Kubecka, 2003
42	Spawning water type	Spawning grounds of white bream in Estonia are usually shallow water areas among roots of reed and rush, lifted by the ice.	No category	Vetemaa, 2008
43	Spawning depth	Shallow water	No data	Fishbase, 2006
43	Spawning depth	0.5-1 m deep	0.75 m	Environment agency, 1996
43	Spawning depth	Shallow water areas	No data	Vetemaa, 2008
36	Spawning migration distance	Limited home range, localised spawning	No data	Environment agency, 1996
36	Spawning migration distance	Holobiotique migration	No data	Agence de l'eau,
37	Spawning migration period	In the spring, when water temperatue is about 10-14°C	['April', 'May', 'June']	Ciolac, 2004
37	Spawning migration period	Every season a run of ripe white bream was observed migrating to the tributary to spawn about 2 weeks after the main migration runs of dominant cyrpinids (14-16°C). The period of multiple migration of multiple spawners, mainly bleak and bream (but also white bream and ruud). Early May-early June. Females of these species release eggs during periods of warm weather, each of which triggers a new wave. Transient period when the local movmeents takes over the spawning migration of multiple spawners. early June until mid July. The proportion of ripe individuals decreases as well as the migration rate	['May', 'July', 'June']	Hladik and Kubecka, 2003
37	Spawning migration period	During the upstream migration (March-June), mature roach, silver bream and common bream females were collected from natural populations in a fish pass at the Lixhe dam (Belgian River Meuse, 50°45', 5°40'E)	['March', 'June']	Nzau Matondo, 2007
39	Spawning season	May-July	['May', 'July', 'June']	Billard, 1997
39	Spawning season	June	['June']	Spillmann, 1961
39	Spawning season	May-June	['May', 'June']	Rinchard, 1996
39	Spawning season	May-June-July	['May', 'July', 'June']	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
39	Spawning season	Starts in May-June and ends up to July	['May', 'July', 'June']	Kestemont, 2001
39	Spawning season	May-June [Sometime July]	['May', 'July', 'June']	Fishbase, 2006
39	Spawning season	June	['June']	Molls, 1999
39	Spawning season	May-July	['May', 'July', 'June']	Mann, 1996
39	Spawning season	May-June	['May', 'June']	Environment agency, 1996
39	Spawning season	In 1974, the white bream spawned from 10 June to 1 July and in 1975 sapwning started at the end of May and lasted about 20 June	['May', 'July', 'June']	Hansen, 1980
39	Spawning season	May-June	['May', 'June']	Cattanéo, 2001
39	Spawning season	The experiments with female bream eggs were started on 24 May (three females) and 29 May (three females) and with female white bream eggs on 5 June (four females) due to the earlier spawning of bream in Estonia […] White bream starts spawning 2-3 weeks later than bream, usually at water temperature of 16-18°C, and spawning can last until the middle of July	['May', 'July', 'June']	Vetemaa, 2008
48	Spawning release	Multiple spawner	Mutliple	Rinchard and Kestemont, 1996
48	Spawning release	Multiple, fractional spawner	Ambiguous	Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
48	Spawning release	Multiple spawner: Batches of 8000-15000 eggs	Mutliple	Kestemont, 2001
48	Spawning release	Three to four batches of eggs in few days	Mutliple	Rinchard, 1996
48	Spawning release	The batch-spawing white bream also spawned twice within several weeks	Mutliple	Molls, 1999
48	Spawning release	Multiple spawning	Mutliple	Environment agency, 1996
48	Spawning release	Intermittent spawning	Fractional	Luksiene, 2000
48	Spawning release	Multiple spawner, but in several years and different water bodies it spawn only once per breeding season	Mutliple	Fredrich, 2003
48	Spawning release	Multiple spawning	Mutliple	Aho and Holopainen, 2000
48	Spawning release	Fractional	Fractional	Cattanéo, 2001
48	Spawning release	Mutiple spawners	No category	Lefler, 2006
48	Spawning release	Multiple spawners	Mutliple	Lefler, 2008
49	Parity	Return to the river after spawning	Iteroparous	Molls, 1999
49	Parity	Older fish with resting gonads were not found, indicating that spawning takes place each year after maturity is reached	No category	Hansen, 1980