Aho, J. and Holopainen, I.J. (2000) Batch spawning of crucian carp (Carassius carassius (L.)) in mono-and multispecies communities. Ann. Zool. Fennici, pp. 101-111
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Blicca bjoerkna | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Multiple spawning | Multiple |
| Alburnus alburnus | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Multiple spawning | Multiple |
| Carassius carassius | Female | Length at sexual maturity | Mean of females range from 11.69 ± 2.2 (range 7.8-19.1) in Pond Hermanninlampi, and 32.86 ± 6.2 (range 14.9-39.7) and 23.39-+/ 2.3 (range 19.3-27.5) in lake Varaslampi | 11.69 cm |
| Carassius carassius | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | Mean of females range from 31.2 ±20 g in Pond Hermanninlampi, and 933.3 ± 339.4 and 311.7 ± 100.1 in lake Varaslampi | 31.2 kg |
| Carassius carassius | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | During the spawning season, both males and females developped small tubercles in the epithelium when ready to spawn. At both sites some sexual dimorphism was observed. In males, the tubercles were most abundant, covering both head and body, but in females they were limited to the head region only. Nearly all ripe male crucian carps had tubercles. At the beginning of the reproudction period, tubercles covered only the head (forehead and operculum); but a few days later they were found on the body as well. In female fish the tubercles were found only on teh head and tuberculum. by the end of the ripe period tubercles were absent in both sexes | Absent |
| Carassius carassius | Female | Maximum GSI value | GSI range from an average of 5.51 ± 1.36 (range 3.92-7.91); to 8.59 ± 1.80 (range 5.60-11.8), and 11.56 ± 5.78 (range 3.63-20.98) in three fifferent regions in May | 5.51 percent |
| Carassius carassius | Male | Length at sexual maturity | Mean of males range from 8.95 ± 1.8 (range 6.3-15.2) in Pond Hermanninlampi, and 28.90 ± 5.5 (range 13.9-35.7) and 23.28-+/ 4.6 (range 14.8-28.5) in lake Varaslampi | 8.95 cm |
| Carassius carassius | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | Mean of males range from 10.5 ±6.1 g in Pond Hermanninlampi, and 640.2 ± 288.7 and 302.7 ± 137.2 in lake Varaslampi | 10.5 kg |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | The ready-to-spawn (ripe) fish (n=430) were captured between 19 May and 21 July, all within 64 days. In other sites: 32 dats and 60 days | 430.0 weeks |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Spawning is not likely to occur until the water temperature reaches 17-20°C, especially in harsh climatic conditions as those in Finland | 18.5 °C |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Mating itself is likely to take place at night or early in the morning, whencrucian carps are known to be most active | Day |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Crucian carp is one of the batch-spawning cyrpinids fround in nothern Europe | Multiple |