Trait completeness | 78% |
Total data | 138 |
References | 15 |
Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved
Trait id | Trait | Primary data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive | Adhesive | Coad, 2005 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive, stick to the substrate | Adhesive | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | highly adhesive due to the presence of a well expressed secondary membrane, the chorion, and they adhere strongly to the substrate | Adhesive | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive, eggs adhere to the ceiling of the cavity | Adhesive | Fishbase, 2006 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Sticky | Adhesive | Witkowski, 2006 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | The eggs are sticky | Adhesive | Boltachev, 2006 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Attached eggs | Non-Adhesive | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
5 | Incubation time | 12 [15-21°C], 5-7 [21-23°C], 6-8 [20°C] | 18.0 days | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
5 | Incubation time | 4 [24-28°C], 5 [23-26°C] | 26.0 days | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
5 | Incubation time | The embryonic development at water temperature of 20-28°C takes 4-8 days | 24.0 days | Witkowski, 2006 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 150-200 | 175.0 °C * day | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 95-130 [4 days at 24-28°C, 5 days at 23-26°C] | 112.5 °C * day | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15-22 | 18.5 °C | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 23-28 | 25.5 °C | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated at 20°C | 20.0 °C | Pinder, 2005 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.30-1.65 x 1.15-1.30 [After swelling] | 1.475 mm | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.3-1.5 or 2-2.5 [Not specified] | 1.4 mm | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 2-2.5 [Not specified] | 2.25 mm | Coad, 2005 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | Ellipsoidal (major diameter 2.0-2.5 mm), yellowish | 2.25 mm | Witkowski, 2006 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal | Demersal | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.2-1.4 x 0.8-1.0 [Just spawned eggs] | 1.3 mm | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.2 | 1.2 mm | Rossechi, 2001a |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.18 | 1.18 mm | Rosecchi, 2001 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Temperature during larval development | 23-28 | 25.5 °C | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Reared at 20°C | 20.0 °C | Pinder, 2005 |
10 | Reaction to light | Their reaction to light is positive | Photopositive | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | Changeover of larvae to exogenous feeding only. Under aquarium conditions the larvae were around 7.6 mm long at an age of 8 days. The yolk sac was fully resorbed and the larvae fed on exogenous food only. | 7.6 °C * day | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Mixed feeding of the larvae. The filling of the swim bladder with air occurs during the first days after hatching. The length of the larvae at an age of 5-5.5 days is 6.3-6.5 mm. During these days the yolk is considerably resorbed. […] The larvae swim actively and begin to feed gradually. | 5.25 °C * day | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4-4.5 | 4.25 mm | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.5-5 | 4.75 mm | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.7-5.5 | 5.1 mm | Pinder, 2005 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | After hatching the prolarvae swim actively in jerks | Demersal | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Horny pads on the jaws | Absent | Coad, 2005 |
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | The female becomes clearly lighter | Absent | Witkowski, 2006 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 27 | 27.0 percent | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Up to 30% [June, prior to spawning] | 30.0 percent | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Up to 27% | 27.0 percent | Billard, 1997 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 27.9 [May] | 27.9 percent | Rosecchi, 2001 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 253-1733 [Relationships between the total number of eggs laid by individual females and their body weight. The regression equation was Y=986.3 X - 1718.9, Y = number of eggs, X = body weight in April., with weight ranging mainly from 2.0 to 3.5 g] | 993.0 thousand eggs/kg | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 1-2 [Sex not specified] | 1.5 years | Rossechi, 2001 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 1 [Not specified] | 1.0 years | Fishbase, 2006 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 1 [Both sex] | 1.0 years | Rosecchi, 2001 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | The fish is sexually dimorphic with males larger than females and reaches maturity at the age of one to two years | No data | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
21 | Oocyte development | Asynchronous | Asynchronous | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Its fecundity is on average 5,000 eggs. The fecundity determined by us varied betwenn 470 and 990 eggs. | 5.0 thousand eggs | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Fecundity is about 5000 ellipitical eggs | 5000.0 thousand eggs | Internet, 2005 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | The fertility ranges from a few hundred to a few thousands eggs: Amur -388-3060, Czech Republic: 2018-5326, Danube: 610-3200, 800-4200 | 1724.0 thousand eggs | Witkowski, 2006 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | The total number of eggs (fecundity) laid by individual females varied from 0 to 6285, different means ranging from 632 ± 805 to 2053 ± 1442 | 632.0 thousand eggs | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | It has a fecundity level high for its size, reaching 4400 eggs | 4400.0 thousand eggs | Boltachev, 2006 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.6-4.2 g | 2.4 kg | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 1.0-4.5 g | 2.75 kg | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | The length of sexually mature females varied between 3.5-6 cm, they were considerably smaller in the Amur | 4.75 cm | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 7.5 | 7.5 cm | Rosecchi, 2001 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | When it reaches length of 30 mm (sex not specified) | 30.0 cm | Boltachev, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | The mean (± SD) total length of fish captured in April and used in the experiment was 6.6 ± 0.3 cm (n=68, range 6.0-7.4) for males | 6.6 cm | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 1 [Sex not precised] | 1.0 year | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 1-2 [Sex not specified] | 1.5 year | Rossechi, 2001 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 1 [Not specified] | 1.0 year | Fishbase, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Spawns when one year old | No data | Witkowski, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | In their second year of life (sex not specified) | No data | Boltachev, 2006 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Male are darker than females and the flank has a metallic violet sheen, horny pad developps on the jaws, sharp tubercules | Present | Coad, 2005 |
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | The sharp tubercules on the head of males during spawning time serve as protection | Absent | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | The sexual dimorphism becomes pronounced during spawning. In males breeding tubercles appear on the head. The greatest accumulation of sharp tubercles is located in the anterior part of the head, on the frons, near nostrils and below and above the eye. Few tubercles are observed also on the lower lip. In that period the males darken distinctly, and their fins become black while the operculum gets violet | Absent | Witkowski, 2006 |
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Males were significantly larger than females | Absent | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 2.3 [May] | 2.3 percent | Rosecchi, 2001 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | Mature males used were 5.95 ± 0.95 cm | 5.95 cm | Konishi and Takata, 2004 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | The mean (± SD) total length of fish captured in April and used in the experiment was 7.9 ± 0.5 cm (n=68, range 7.0-8.9) for males | 7.9 cm | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | Mature males used were 3.76 ± 1.77 g | 3.76 kg | Konishi and Takata, 2004 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
47 | Mating system | One male and few females | Polygyny | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
47 | Mating system | Sneak: pairspawing with sneakers or satellites, territorial male mated alone with female on 23 of 29 occassions, 3 occassions with sneaker, on 3 occassions the female mated with 2 territorial males (in aquarium) | No category | Ah-King, 2004 |
47 | Mating system | One male may spawn with a consecutive females | No category | Witkowski, 2006 |
47 | Mating system | Females usually deposit eggs in several batches in several male territories on a day, and repeat matings several times during the course of a spawning period. When mating, a female moves rapidly along the susbtrate, releasing and attaching to the surface eggs which are inseminated soon after by the territorial males | No category | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Morning | Day | Coad, 2005 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning only occrured in the morning, about 8.00 | Day | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Mating does not occur during the night | Night | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
50 | Parental care | Protected by the male using the head tubercules to drive away other fishes. Males clean the eggs and remove dead ones | No category | Coad, 2005 |
50 | Parental care | Males protect the spawning | No category | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
50 | Parental care | The male protect the batch, driving away other small fish [Also, males clean the eggs and evidently remove dead ones] | Male parental care | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
50 | Parental care | Male guards eggs | Male parental care | Billard, 1997 |
50 | Parental care | Non guarders, brood hiders, the male leaves the nest before the eggs hatch | No care | Fishbase, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | Eggs are guarded by males | Male parental care | Rossechi, 2001 |
50 | Parental care | The territorial male defends the ggs until they hatch | Male parental care | Ah-King, 2004 |
50 | Parental care | The male guards the eggs till hatching, and aggressively drives away others, often larger fish | Male parental care | Witkowski, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | The male protects actively the egg clutch, thus increasing the survival rate of juveniles | Male parental care | Boltachev, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | The males entices several females to lay their eggs, fertilizes the eggs and guards the fertilized eggs until the embryos hatch | No category | Konishi and Takata, 2004 |
50 | Parental care | A territorial male defends eggs until the embryos hatch | Male parental care | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Lower surfaces of stones, occassionnaly on mollusc shells | Lithophils | Coad, 2005 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Stones | Lithophils | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Stones, sometimes on sticks, in the empty shells of molluscs and even on objects which have accidently fallen into the water | Ambiguous | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Plants | Phytophils | Billard, 1997 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Various substrates | No category | Rossechi, 2001 |
44 | Spawning substrate | The species beloongs to the indifferent litho-phytophilous reproductive guild. The eggs are laid on plants, sand, stones, mollusc shells and other substrata | Ambiguous | Witkowski, 2006 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Eggs are laid on stones, valves of mollusks, sunken trees, and other bottom susbrates as well as on underwater vegetation | Ambiguous | Boltachev, 2006 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Around smooth surfaces of rocks, boulders and plants | Ambiguous | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Male clean the surface of one or several gravel of 13-31 cm of diameter | Nest built by male | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | The fish choose a suitable place for spawning and clean it of ooze and overgrouwth | No category | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Nests under stones and the male cleans the cavity with its pearl organs | Nest built by male | Fishbase, 2006 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Before spawning, the female carefully cleans the susbtratum for egg-laying | No category | Witkowski, 2006 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | In Pseudorasbora, a mature males establish a territory around spawning susbtrates (e.g., stones, plants or shells) onto which females will deposit their eggs. Almost all dominant males attacked other males with aggressive behavior such as chasing, head butting, or circling between males | Susbtrate chooser | Konishi and Takata, 2004 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Males set up mating territories around smooth surfaces of rocks, boulders and plants | No category | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 16-18 | 17.0 °C | Coad, 2005 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 19.5-20°C | 19.75 °C | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
41 | Spawning temperature | In the Amur basin the spawning starts when the temperature of 15-19°C | 17.0 °C | Witkowski, 2006 |
41 | Spawning temperature | The stock tanks were maintained on a constant photoperiod of 14 h light (from 07:00 to 21:00) and 10 h of dark at 20°C | 14.0 °C | Konishi and Takata, 2004 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Water temperatures ranged from 11.8 to 27°C during experiments, which was similar to the range of water temperature (from 13.6 to 26°C) when minnow spawned in the reservoir | 11.8 °C | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 8 | 8.0 weeks | Coad, 2005 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 8 | 8.0 weeks | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 10-12 | 11.0 weeks | Rosecchi, 2001 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Extended period from April to August | No data | Pinder, 2005 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Spawning occurred from 30 April to 21 August | 30.0 weeks | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
42 | Spawning water type | Warm, shallow and calm waters | No category | Coad, 2005 |
42 | Spawning water type | Warm and calm waters, inshore areas of ponds | Stagnant water | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
42 | Spawning water type | Ponds and rivers | Stagnant water | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow | No data | Coad, 2005 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow | No data | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
43 | Spawning depth | Takes place in the littoral | No data | Witkowski, 2006 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow parts of ponds and rivers | No data | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | No migration | No data | Agence de l'eau, |
39 | Spawning season | April-August | ['April', 'May', 'August', 'June', 'July'] | Coad, 2005 |
39 | Spawning season | April-July | ['April', 'May', 'July', 'June'] | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | May-June | ['May', 'June'] | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
39 | Spawning season | April to June | ['April', 'June'] | Rossechi, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | April to June | ['April', 'June'] | Fishbase, 2006 |
39 | Spawning season | April-July | ['April', 'May', 'July', 'June'] | Rosecchi, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | In the Amur basin the spawning is in May-August, whereas it spawns earlier: in April-June | ['April', 'August', 'May', 'June'] | Witkowski, 2006 |
39 | Spawning season | Apparently, the mass spawning of stone mroco in Kuchki pond happened in the second half of May or in June. The stone moroco spawns from late May to July in Ukraine, and from the end of June to the beginning of August in the basin of the Amur | ['August', 'May', 'July', 'June'] | Boltachev, 2006 |
39 | Spawning season | In Japan, the spawning season lasts from April to August | ['April', 'August'] | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
48 | Spawning release | Intermittent spawning, the number of batches which the female lays during the spawning season may be 60 or more | Ambiguous | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |
48 | Spawning release | Under optimal temperature, female spawns each 5 days | No category | Billard, 1997 |
48 | Spawning release | Multiple spawning | Mutliple | Rossechi, 2001 |
48 | Spawning release | Intermittent Spawning with up to 85 eggs per batch. up to 60 batches og eggs may be laid in a spawning season | Ambiguous | Coad, 2005 |
48 | Spawning release | Multiple | Mutliple | Rosecchi, 2001 |
48 | Spawning release | Batch spawner | Mutliple | Pinder, 2005 |
48 | Spawning release | During one act it lays up to several dozen eggs. | Mutliple | Witkowski, 2006 |
48 | Spawning release | Spawning is intemittent | No category | Boltachev, 2006 |
48 | Spawning release | Is a multiple spawner that lay eggs repeatedly duting the spawning season. | Mutliple | Katano and Maekawa, 1997 |
49 | Parity | Lifespan is about 5 years with maturity attained at 1-2 years, usually at 1 year in Europe | No category | Coad, 2005 |
49 | Parity | NO INFORMATIONS | No category | Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982 |