Trait completeness | 100% |
Total data | 296 |
References | 57 |
Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved
Trait id | Trait | Primary data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Lose adhesive properties within 3 minutes in water | Adhesive | Craig, 2000 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Outer adhesive layer, but within about 3 min after fertilization, the membrane swells and after hardening lost its adhesive qualities | Adhesive | Thorpe, 1977 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive | Adhesive | Mann, 1996 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs of Eurasian perch are strongly attached to each other to form 0.5-5.5 m long and 1-6 cm wide floating jelly strands or ribbons […] When water was added to the wet-eggs, they stuck together within 5s […] After water contact, ovarian fluid reacts with the ZRE to form jelly-like fibrils attaching the eggs with each other | Adhesive | Mansour, 2008 |
5 | Incubation time | 7 [17°C], 19 [10°C] | 7.0 days | Thorpe, 1977 |
5 | Incubation time | 15 at 13.5°C | 15.0 days | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
5 | Incubation time | 8 at 13°C | 8.0 days | Spillmann, 1961 |
5 | Incubation time | 14-27 | 20.5 days | Dalimier and Voss, 1982 |
5 | Incubation time | 27 [At 6.6°C] to 14 [11.8°C] | 27.0 days | Dalimier, 1982 |
5 | Incubation time | 8-16 | 12.0 days | Fishbase, 2006 |
5 | Incubation time | 8 | 8.0 days | Bagenal, 1971 |
5 | Incubation time | The incubation temperature was 11.1°C until the time of 50% hatching (day 19) | 11.1 days | Jentoft, 2006 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 182-202 | 192.0 °C * day | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 104 | 104.0 °C * day | Spillmann, 1961 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 180-216 | 198.0 °C * day | Thorpe, 1977 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 136-243 are the extreme values [mean 152, 166 at temperature of 8.3°C and 8°C respectively] | 189.5 °C * day | Dalimier, 1982 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | About 200, i.e. 20 days at 10.5 [Most died at T below 7.7°C° | 200.0 °C * day | Treasurer, 1983 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | Mass hatching at 179.7 [6.3°C], 218 [7°C], 158 [11.3°C], 141 [17.2°C], 114 [19.6°C] for the year 1963 | 179.7 °C * day | Kokurewicz, 1969 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 80-110 [At a temperature of 15°C] | 95.0 °C * day | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 120-200 [At 10-18°C] | 160.0 °C * day | Dubois, 2001 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | This study: 126 [At 14°C] [The number of thermal untis (D°) from egg fertilization to hatching varies within a surprisingly wide range (if one is to believe different authors) from 90 through 175 at 12-14°C, to as many as 223 and 195] | 13.0 °C * day | Korzelecka, 1998 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 90 [Effective day-degrees] | 90.0 °C * day | Kamler, 2002 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | The incubation temperature was 11.1°C until the time of 50% hatching (day 19) | 11.1 °C * day | Jentoft, 2006 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 13 | 13.0 °C | Dalimier and Voss, 1982 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 12-20 lead to highest survival | 16.0 °C | Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 7.8-16.1 | 11.95 °C | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Below 6°C and above 25°C no hatching ! | 6.0 °C | Dalimier, 1982 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 9-18 in natural conditions but optimal is 10-16°C | 13.5 °C | Guma'a, 1978 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 9-10 in natural conditions in Scotland | 9.5 °C | Treasurer, 1983 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | The range of temperature for successful perch embryo developpment is 8-18°C with an optimum of 13°C | 13.0 °C | Sandström, 1997 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15°C [Recommended temperature of 15°C] | 15.0 °C | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 10-18 | 14.0 °C | Dubois, 2001 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Optimal 13, range 8-18 [The lower lethal is 6, and the upper 22-24°C] | 13.0 °C | Saat and Veersalu, 1996 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated at 14 [The best and longest larvae originate from eggs incubated in 12-16°C] | 14.0 °C | Korzelecka, 1998 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | The incubation temperature was 11.1°C until the time of 50% hatching (day 19) | 11.1 °C | Jentoft, 2006 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | The egg ribbons were incubated over 6 to 7 days at 15°C till the eye-pigmentation stage of embryonic development. The eggs were then transferred into the larval rearing facilities at 20°C to 23°C after a two-hours period of thermal acclimation | 6.0 °C | Mélard, 1996 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.9-2.8 [within about 3 min after fertilization, the membrane swells] | 2.35 mm | Craig, 2000 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.9-2.8 [In lake 1.9-2.4] | 2.35 mm | Thorpe, 1977 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.9-2.8 [Three minutes after fecondation] | 2.35 mm | Goubier, 1990 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | Swollen egg (without jelly enveloppe, 50 min. after the fertilization) measured 1.25 mm on the average | 1.25 mm | Korzelecka, 1998 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal [The egg strand is slightly heavier than water] | Demersal | Craig, 2000 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal, on the bottom | Demersal | Fishbase, 2006 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | The egg-ribbon itself is freely floaing in water | No category | Mansour, 2008 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.0-2.0 [Fertlized egg before water hardening] | 1.5 mm | Craig, 2000 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.5-2.0 [Not precised] | 1.75 mm | Spillmann, 1961 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.6-2.1 [Fertilized egg before hardening] | 1.85 mm | Thorpe, 1977 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 2.09-2.16 and sometimes 2.3-2.9 | 2.125 mm | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.94-1.62 | 1.28 mm | Treasurer, 1981 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.0-2.0 | 1.5 mm | Goubier, 1990 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.5-2.5 | 2.0 mm | Fishbase, 2006 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 2.30 [Average diameter of the largest oocyte in fully developed ovaries] | 2.3 mm | Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.0-2.1 [Not specified, but seems unswollen] | 1.55 mm | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Temperature during larval development | 16-18 and increasing temperature [Tolerate 3-28] | 17.0 °C | Craig, 2000 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Best survival and growth at 20 | 20.0 °C | Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | About 20 | 20.0 °C | Kestemont, 1996 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 17-20°C | 18.5 °C | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Temperatures interval 26-29.5°C are lethal under certain conditions | 27.75 °C | Brabrand, 2001 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Direct mortality of perch larvae occurs if the temperature drops below 10-12°C | 11.0 °C | Urho, 1996 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Water temperature was maintained between 19.7°C and 21.6°C (mean: 20.2°C) | 19.7 °C | Tamazouzt, 2000 |
10 | Reaction to light | Positively phototactic | Photopositive | Craig, 2000 |
10 | Reaction to light | Attracted by light | Photopositive | Dubois, 2001 |
10 | Reaction to light | Larvae are intially photophobic | Photophobic | Mann, 1996 |
10 | Reaction to light | Perch larvae are found to be photopositive | Photopositive | Jentoft, 2006 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Present, at about 13 mm | Present | Goubier, 1990 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism described | Present | Bry, 1992 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | After one month, cannibalism occur in the mornings | Present | Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Intense sibling cannibalism | Present | Kestemont, 1996 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | The impact of cannibalism was proportionally decreased when fish grew more slowly | Present | Mélard, 1996 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | One month after hatching, cannibalism occured in the mornings, before food was given | Present | Craig, 2000 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Perch can act as a piscivore from larval stage VI (body size 10.3 mm) on smaller siblings of its own cohort | Absent | Brabrand, 2001 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Is very frequent [Starts at abour 2.5 cm] | Absent | Dubois, 2001 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Data from the present study indicate that cannibalism emergence is not consistenstly size dependent in Eurasian perch larvae or young juveniles, and that re-establishment of this phenomenon at restocking is independent of the initial predator-prey relationship because size heterogeneity is negatively related to growth rate | Present | Mandiki, 2007 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | 105 | 105.0 °C * day | Spillmann, 1961 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | About 130-150 | 140.0 °C * day | Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | About 4 days | 4.0 °C * day | Bagenal, 1971 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | About 100 | 100.0 °C * day | Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | On 27 and 28 May half of the perch still had some yolk left and 90% had started feeding. Hatching at 24 May and temperature 12-14°C | 13.0 °C * day | Urho, 1996 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.07-6.6 | 5.335 mm | Craig, 2000 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.07-6.6 [Range in different populations: 4.1-5.5, 5.5-6.0] | 5.335 mm | Thorpe, 1977 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5.8-6.3 | 6.05 mm | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.2-6.2 | 5.2 mm | Guma'a, 1978 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.7-6.4 | 5.55 mm | Wang and Eckmann, 1994 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5.4 | 5.4 mm | Kestemont, 1996 |
8 | Initial larval size | About 6 | 6.0 mm | Goubier, 1990 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5.3 | 5.3 mm | Balon, 1977 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.1-6.6 | 5.35 mm | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.8-5.0 | 4.9 mm | Wurtz-Arlet, 1950 |
8 | Initial larval size | Length of the hatchlings was 3.5 mm on the average [Other studies: newly hatched perch larvae are from 4 to 5.3 mm long, also described at 6.5 mm and 3-6] | 4.5 mm | Korzelecka, 1998 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5-6.2 | 5.6 mm | Kokurewicz, 1969 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.8-5.4 | 5.1 mm | Sandström, 1997 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Gregarious | Demersal | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Larvae are known to move out into the pelagic area and after some time return to shallow-water areas | Pelagic | Urho, 1996 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Pelagic larval stock | Pelagic | Treasurer, 1983 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Gravid females in spring are distinct due to their swollen appearance and slight protusion of the genital orifice | Present | Thorpe, 1977 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 25 % [April prior to spawning] | 25.0 percent | Sulistyo,1998 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 21.3-24.3 | 22.8 percent | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 21.3-24.3% [Immediatly prior to spawning] | 22.8 percent | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | About 20% [Prior to spawning, in May] | 20.0 percent | Le Cren, 1951 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | May, 18 +/- 0.6% just before spawning. | 18.0 percent | Noaksson, 2004 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | From august to April : 7-8 months | 7.5 months | Sulistyo,1998 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | 6-7 From August-September to April | 6.5 months | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | From August until April | No data | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
25 | Oogenesis duration | Vitellogenesis lasts from September to April-May | No data | Sandström, 1997 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 30-419 [Extreme values in natural field] | 224.5 thousand eggs/kg | Thorpe, 1977 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 70-150 | 110.0 thousand eggs/kg | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 50-146 | 98.0 thousand eggs/kg | Treasurer, 1981 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 130-170 | 150.0 thousand eggs/kg | Goubier, 1990 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 100-200 | 150.0 thousand eggs/kg | Dubois, 2001 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 80-201 | 140.5 thousand eggs/kg | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 100 | 100.0 thousand eggs/kg | Kunz, 2004 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Values reported in various studies: 50-146 [For females 176-324 mm, in Lake Kinord and Davan, GB], 69-216 [For females 115-210 mm, in Lake Agios Vasilios, GR], 52-188 [For females 98-278 mm, in Salpton Ley, GB], 33-141 [For females 145-422, in Lake Pounui, NZ], 91-317 [For females 115-330 mm, in lake Klicava, CSSR] | 98.0 thousand eggs/kg | Jansen,1996 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 1-2 | 1.5 years | Thorpe, 1977 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | End of first year | No data | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2 | 2.0 years | Treasurer, 1981 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 1-2 [Male specified] | 1.5 years | Goubier, 1990 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2 [Male specified but could be younger if conditions are good] | 2.0 years | Dubois, 2001 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2 [Male] | 2.0 years | Fishbase, 2006 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-4 [Male] | 3.0 years | Environment agency, 1996 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | Sexual maturity is attained by perch males at the age of 2-3 years, but also 1-3 | 2.5 years | Korzelecka, 1998 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | All males mature at an age of 2 years, and 54.5 were mature at 1 year old | 2.0 years | Heibo and Vollestad, 2002 |
26 | Resting period | 3-4 | 3.5 months | Sulistyo,1998 |
26 | Resting period | 4-4.5 [From April until August] | 4.25 months | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
26 | Resting period | Mid-summer | No data | Le Cren, 1951 |
26 | Resting period | After spawning, GSI rapidly decreased to the low values observed during the summer | No data | Noaksson, 2004 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | August and then increase proceeds regulalry through the winter and spring till the spawing time in May | ['April', 'March', 'January', 'May', 'August', 'June', 'February'] | Le Cren, 1951 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | GSI rise steadily in August | ['August'] | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | August-September, then increase gradually until mid-March | ['August', 'March', 'September'] | Sulistyo,1998 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | Rapid increase of oocyte diameter from late July to November-December | ['November', 'December', 'July'] | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | The development of ovocytes starts in August, and vitellogenesis starts in September | ['August', 'September'] | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | GSI increased from the onset of oogenesis at the end of July. The onsey of oogenesis coincided with a steady decline in water temperatures from the end of July, with the oocytes continously developing throughout the winter until a rapid increase in water temperature at the beginning of May, triigerered the spanwing. | ['March', 'January', 'May', 'July', 'February'] | Noaksson, 2004 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | Steadily increase from August until April | ['April', 'August'] | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | Beginning of spring, GSI rapidly reached its maximum | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Sulistyo,1998 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | The increase of temperature in March induces the completion of vitellogenesis, resulting in a sharp increase of GSI before spawning | ['March'] | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | March-April | ['April', 'March'] | Noaksson, 2004 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Migaud, 2002 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Rinchard, 1996 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Luksiene, 2000 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 0.95-210 | 105.475 thousand eggs | Thorpe, 1977 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 26 [Average number of vitellogenic oocyes of mature females in a single spawning season] | 26.0 thousand eggs | Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 10-200 per female | 105.0 thousand eggs | Environment agency, 1996 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 17.36-84.24 eggs for fish in a 205310 mm length | 50.8 thousand eggs | Gillet, 1995 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 12-300 depedning on female | 156.0 thousand eggs | Korzelecka, 1998 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Values reported in various studies: 9277-74124 [For females 176-324 mm, in Lake Kinord and Davan, GB], 2080-24488 [For females 115-210 mm, in Lake Agios Vasilios, GR], 1000-30500 [For females 98-278 mm, in Salpton Ley, GB], 2657-63858 [For females 145-422, in Lake Pounui, NZ], 6710-144000 [For females 115-330 mm, in lake Klicava, CSSR] | 41700.5 thousand eggs | Jansen,1996 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.02-0.24 [20-240 g] | 0.13 kg | Thorpe, 1977 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 12-18 | 15.0 cm | Thorpe, 1977 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | About 11 cm | 11.0 cm | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 15-18 | 16.5 cm | Treasurer, 1981 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 12-15 [Female] | 13.5 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | In lake Geneva, 87% of perch female became mature during the second year and their size varied from 13 to 20 cm | 87.0 cm | Gillet, 1995 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | Described as female P. fluviatilis to first spawn as smal as 9.3 and 10 cm, the smallest size recorded for this species. | 9.3 cm | Jansen,1996 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-3 | 2.5 year | Thorpe, 1977 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | End of second year | No data | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 4 but sometimes 3 | 4.0 year | Treasurer, 1981 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-3 [Female specified] | 2.5 year | Goubier, 1990 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 [Female specified but could be younger if conditions are good] | 3.5 year | Dubois, 2001 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [Female] | 3.0 year | Fishbase, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [36 months, age at maturation] | 3.0 year | Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 4-6 [Female] | 5.0 year | Environment agency, 1996 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | In lake Geneva, 87% of perch female became mature during the second year | 2.0 year | Gillet, 1995 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 [Female], but also 2-4 | 3.5 year | Korzelecka, 1998 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Males at spawning are generally brighter in colour | Present | Thorpe, 1977 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | End of August | ['August'] | Sulistyo, 2000 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | August | ['August'] | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | August | ['August'] | Le Cren, 1951 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 8.5 ± 1.8 [September] | 8.5 percent | Sulistyo, 2000 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 6.6-7.1 | 6.85 percent | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 6.6-7.1 [September-October] | 6.85 percent | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | About 8% [October] | 8.0 percent | Le Cren, 1951 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | September-October, then decrease slightly until spawning and remain at about 5% during winter | ['March', 'January', 'September', 'February', 'October'] | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | September | ['September'] | Sulistyo, 2000 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | September-October, then remain at this size during winter until spring | ['April', 'March', 'January', 'May', 'September', 'June', 'February', 'October'] | Le Cren, 1951 |
35 | Resting period | 0,2 ± 0,1 [Late June, July, August) | 2.0 months | Sulistyo, 2000 |
35 | Resting period | 0.2 [June, July] | 0.2 months | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
35 | Resting period | < 1% [June, July, and most of August] | 1.0 months | Le Cren, 1951 |
34 | Spermatogenesis duration | 1,5 [The development of the testes occured within about 6 weeks in end of August and September] | 1.0 months | Sulistyo, 2000 |
34 | Spermatogenesis duration | About 6 weeks | 6.0 months | Le Cren, 1951 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 5-12 | 8.5 cm | Thorpe, 1977 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | About 7.7 | 7.7 cm | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 6 | 6.0 cm | Treasurer, 1981 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 8 but FL | 8.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | "For male, the size at maturity is 6.3 cm, or possibly smaller. Also reported the smallest maturing males to measure ""about 55 mm"" in the fall. " | 6.3 cm | Jansen,1996 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.01-0.06 [10-60 g] | 0.035 kg | Thorpe, 1977 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
47 | Mating system | One female and two up to five males, during about 30 mn [described in more details] | No category | Craig, 2000 |
47 | Mating system | One female is followed by two males | No category | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
47 | Mating system | One female and several males | Polyandry | Dubois, 2001 |
47 | Mating system | Polyandry, one female and one or two males | Polyandry | Fishbase, 2006 |
47 | Mating system | Group, communal spawning: groups spawns | Promiscuity | Ah-King, 2004 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Day and night | Ambiguous | Thorpe, 1977 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Mostly during the dawn [mostly between 7-8 a.m.] | Dawn | Dalimier and Voss, 1982 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Eggs are released at dawn | Dawn | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Day and night | Ambiguous | Craig, 2000 |
50 | Parental care | Little if any protections | No care | Craig, 2000 |
50 | Parental care | Not any observations of parental care | No category | Dalimier, 1982 |
50 | Parental care | Perch do not provide care to their offspring | No category | Smith, 2001 |
50 | Parental care | Nonguarders | No care | Fishbase, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | Non-guarders | No care | Mann, 1996 |
50 | Parental care | No parental protection of zygotes, embryo and larvae | No category | Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002 |
50 | Parental care | No parental care | No category | Ah-King, 2004 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Would spawn anywhere away from fast currents attaching their eggs to plants or logs, also over sand and gravel, floating debris: wide variety of habitats | Ambiguous | Thorpe, 1977 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Various substrates : plants, branchs, rocks | Ambiguous | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Wide variety of substrates including boulders and gravel, aquatic macrophytes, roots of trees, dead branches and other materials | Lithophils | Craig, 2000 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Mainly macrophytes | No category | Treasurer, 1983 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Around vegetation, on the bottom | Phytophils | Smith, 2001 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Female lays the ribbon of eggs over weeds or other submerged objects | Phytophils | Fishbase, 2006 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Dense submerged weed | Phytophils | Environment agency, 1996 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Phytolithophil | Lithophils | Wolter and Vilcinskas, 1997 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Phyto-lithophils | Lithophils | Balon, 1975 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Bottom overgrown with a variety of submerged plants, and with patches of emergent vegetation. Underwater sandy and gravel bottom elevations are also preferred by this fish | Ambiguous | Korzelecka, 1998 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Perch accept a wide variety of substrates on which to deposit spawn, which they generally drape or wind round the chosen object in order to hold it clear of the lake bed | No category | Urho, 1996 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Female perch have no specific substrate and can spawn on submerged vegetation, plants and fallen branches, and even on artificial substrates | Phytophils | Mansour, 2008 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No | No category | Thorpe, 1977 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No | No category | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No | No category | Craig, 2000 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No | No category | Dalimier, 1982 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open water/substratum egg scatterers | Open water/substratum scatter | Fishbase, 2006 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open substratum spawner | Open water/substratum scatter | Mann, 1996 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open substratum spawner | Open water/substratum scatter | Balon, 1975 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No male spawning territory | No category | Ah-King, 2004 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 12-14 but 7°C in deep water of lakes | 13.0 °C | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 13-14 | 13.5 °C | Spillmann, 1961 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 10-11 [Scotland] | 10.5 °C | Treasurer, 1983 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Stars at 7 and ends at 20°C, but for other areas 12-14 until 24°C | 13.0 °C | Sandström, 1997 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Above 7°C, between 8-16°C | 12.0 °C | Goubier, 1990 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Ranging from 7 to 20°C [Usually 10-13°C] | 11.5 °C | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 8-10 | 9.0 °C | Dubois, 2001 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 6-15 | 10.5 °C | Mann, 1996 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 5-11 | 8.0 °C | Mittelbach and Persson, 1998 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 8.5-13.5 | 11.0 °C | Environment agency, 1996 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Range 8-16 | 12.0 °C | Gillet, 1995 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 12-14°C | 13.0 °C | Urho, 1996 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Spawning activity culminated when the water temperature reached 8-12 | 10.0 °C | Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Rapid 2-week increase in water temeprature from 4-6°C to 10-13°C | 5.0 °C | Noaksson, 2004 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 3-7 [2-18 days on the spawning ground for males and 1-4 days for females] | 5.0 weeks | Thorpe, 1977 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 7 | 7.0 weeks | Dalimier, 1982 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 2-8 [Male arrive on spawnning grounds earlier than female] | 5.0 weeks | Craig, 2000 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 1.5 | 1.5 weeks | Treasurer, 1983 |
40 | Spawning period duration | spawning last for > 9 weeks. The length of the main spawning period was about 5weeks. [The spawning period was very extended in the heated environments] | 9.0 weeks | Sandström, 1997 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 7 | 7.0 weeks | Goubier, 1990 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 2 [0.50 months, length of breeding season] | 2.0 weeks | Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 4-6 [But spawning activity was intensive during 12 days] | 5.0 weeks | Gillet, 1995 |
42 | Spawning water type | Lakes, they would spawn anywhere away from fast currents | Ambiguous | Thorpe, 1977 |
42 | Spawning water type | Near the shore, most within 3 meters | Stagnant water | Smith, 2001 |
42 | Spawning water type | Near the shore | Stagnant water | Dubois, 2001 |
42 | Spawning water type | Ponds, lakes, rivers | Stagnant water | Gillet, 1995 |
42 | Spawning water type | Some species seem to be strickly dependent on the tributary zone as they were never observed reproducing in the reservoir (asp, bleak, chub and white bream), while others are facultative tributary users (roach, bream, pike, perch, rudd). Generalists: fish spawning in suitable places both inthe tributary and the reservoir: bream, roach, perh, pike and ruffe | No category | Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
43 | Spawning depth | Spawn mostly at 0.5-3 m in natural lakes, but may also spawn at depths to 8 m in large lakes and reservoirs | 1.75 m | Thorpe, 1977 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow waters: 0.6-1.50 | 1.05 m | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
43 | Spawning depth | Shallow waters: normally 0.5-8 m | 4.25 m | Craig, 2000 |
43 | Spawning depth | Usually less than 12 m [But the deepest was 26 m] | 12.0 m | Dalimier, 1982 |
43 | Spawning depth | 0.5-1 m deep | 0.75 m | Treasurer, 1983 |
43 | Spawning depth | Mean depth of 22.6 cm | 22.6 m | Smith, 2001 |
43 | Spawning depth | Up to 12 m | 12.0 m | Dubois, 2001 |
43 | Spawning depth | At the beginning of the spawning period, perch preferentially laid their eggs at a depth of 4 m in lake Geneva, while at the end of the spawning period, a depth of 12 m was preferred by the spawners | 4.0 m | Gillet, 1995 |
43 | Spawning depth | Spawn in shallow water (usually <3m), althoug egg-masses are know to deposit at depths of 4 to 14 m in some deeper lakes | 3.0 m | Urho, 1996 |
43 | Spawning depth | Different water depths | No data | Mansour, 2008 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Movement from the deep water, where the fish have over-wintered, to shallow water spawning areas | No data | Craig, 2000 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Usually migrations are really short | No data | Thorpe, 1977 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Can migrate large distances | No data | Environment agency, 1996 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Males arrive on the spanwing ground days or weeks before females and remaining behind afterwards | No data | Thorpe, 1977 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Perch, started migratory activity very soon in th study period and spawning activity culminated when the water temperature reached 8-12 | No data | Hladik and Kubecka, 2003 |
39 | Spawning season | March until May | ['March', 'May'] | Spillmann, 1961 |
39 | Spawning season | February and July in Nothern Hemisphere | ['February', 'July'] | Thorpe, 1977 |
39 | Spawning season | March-April-May but end of June in Nothern Region | ['April', 'March', 'May', 'June'] | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | March to June | ['March', 'June'] | Dalimier and Voss, 1982 |
39 | Spawning season | End April to Mid-June | ['April', 'June'] | Dalimier, 1982 |
39 | Spawning season | 20 April [Scotland] | ['April'] | Treasurer, 1983 |
39 | Spawning season | Beginning of April until June | ['April', 'June'] | Sandström, 1997 |
39 | Spawning season | April-May until beginning of June in the Leman Lake | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Gillet and Dubois, 2003 |
39 | Spawning season | Spawning period extends from March to late June | ['March', 'June'] | Kestemont and Mélard, 2000 |
39 | Spawning season | March-June | ['April', 'March', 'May', 'June'] | Billard, 1997 |
39 | Spawning season | Mid-April to Mid-June | ['April', 'June'] | Dubois, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | Mainly March to May | ['March', 'May'] | Fishbase, 2006 |
39 | Spawning season | March-April | ['April', 'March'] | Mann, 1996 |
39 | Spawning season | April-May | ['April', 'May'] | Environment agency, 1996 |
39 | Spawning season | May-June, peak in 20 May | ['May', 'June'] | Bagenal, 1971 |
39 | Spawning season | Mid-March to April | ['April', 'March'] | Terver, 1984 |
39 | Spawning season | The spawning period of perch was May in lake Geneva | ['May'] | Gillet, 1995 |
39 | Spawning season | Spawnings in natural conditions in early spring, commecing from March in south regions and from June in the north | ['April', 'March', 'May', 'June'] | Korzelecka, 1998 |
39 | Spawning season | Perch spawned between 16 and 24 May (peak 17-19 May) near the shoreline on branches | ['May'] | Urho, 1996 |
39 | Spawning season | Perch in both lakes spawned in the middle of May, following a rapid 2-week increase in water temeprature from 4-6°C to 10-13°C | ['May'] | Noaksson, 2004 |
39 | Spawning season | In the Trent and Avon, perch hatched at approximately the same time as roach, between the end of April (2003) and the middle of May (all other years) | ['April', 'May'] | Nunn, 2007 |
39 | Spawning season | During the spawning time in May | ['May'] | Mansour, 2008 |
38 | Homing | "Not well established, but once ""home range"" has been recorded" | Present | Thorpe, 1977 |
48 | Spawning release | Total spawner | Total | Rinchard, 1996 |
48 | Spawning release | Once a year. All together in a ribbon | Total | Craig, 2000 |
48 | Spawning release | All together, unique transparent gelatinous accordion-folded stran | Total | Thorpe, 1977 |
48 | Spawning release | All together, in a ribbon | Total | Bruslé and Quignard, 2001 |
48 | Spawning release | All eggs are shed in a single batch | Mutliple | Treasurer and Holliday, 1981 |
48 | Spawning release | All together | Total | Fishbase, 2006 |
48 | Spawning release | Single spawning per year | Total | Vila-Gispert and Moreno-Amich, 2002 |
48 | Spawning release | One single spawning | Total | Luksiene, 2000 |
48 | Spawning release | Shed a single batch of eggs in a well-defined spawning period | Mutliple | Nunn, 2007 |
49 | Parity | Iteorparous, but perch spawn only once per year but it is not know with certainity that they spawn every year after reaching maturity | No category | Thorpe, 1977 |
49 | Parity | Spawn once a year | No category | Dubois, 2001 |
49 | Parity | Iteroparous | Iteroparous | Blanchard, 1997 |