Trait completeness | 84% |
Total data | 171 |
References | 26 |
Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved
Trait id | Trait | Primary data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Slight stickiness, manifested only in the first 2-3 minutes in water | Adhesive | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1981 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Characterized by slight stickiness (due to acid mucopolysaccharies on the surface of the envelope) observed only in the first 2-3 minutes | Adhesive | Kunz, 2004 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Non-adhesive | Non-Adhesive | Jennigs, 1988 |
4 | Egg adhesiveness | The eggs are seperated and nonadhesive | Non-Adhesive | Naca, 1989 |
5 | Incubation time | 1-2 | 1.5 days | Horvath, 1992 |
5 | Incubation time | 34-36 hour [23-25°C], 50-70 h [18-20°C] | 35.0 days | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
5 | Incubation time | One day after fertilization, larval carp will hatch | No data | Schrank, 2001 |
5 | Incubation time | Eggs started to hatch after about 18 Hour of incubation at 27-28°C | 27.5 days | Santiago, 2004 |
5 | Incubation time | Hatching occured whitin 48 h after fertilization at 24.5°C | 48.0 days | Kilambi and Zdinak, 1981 |
5 | Incubation time | About 1 days after fertilization at 22-26°C | 24.0 days | Jennigs, 1988 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 24-50 | 37.0 °C * day | Horvath, 1992 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 35-50 | 42.5 °C * day | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 23-25 [But also at lower Temperature: 18-20] | 24.0 °C | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | At 19-23°C, the fertilization capacity of a considerable number of eggs was preserved slightly longer-up to 30 seconds] | 21.0 °C | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1981 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 27-28 | 27.5 °C | Santiago, 2004 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 24.5 [Reared conditions] | 24.5 °C | Kilambi and Zdinak, 1981 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 22-26 | 24.0 °C | Jennigs, 1988 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | The optimum temperature is between 25 and 27°C | 25.0 °C | Naca, 1989 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 3.7-6 | 4.85 mm | Horvath, 1992 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 3.15-5.30 [Egg after swelling, the membrane diameter increases 3-5 times] | 4.225 mm | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1981 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 5.0-5.2 [Membrane after swelling] | 5.1 mm | Makeyeva, 1996 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 5.7-6.2, but rarely as small as 3.9 | 5.95 mm | Kolar, 2005 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 3.41 (2.67-3.93) at 19 May & 3.99 (3.67-4.27) at 20 May BUT hybrid between female grass carp and male bighhead | 3.3 mm | Kilambi and Zdinak, 1981 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 4.82-5.13 [Swollen egg] | 4.975 mm | Jennigs, 1988 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 5.00 ± 0.08 in 1982 and 4.50 ± 0.15 in 1983 | 5.0 mm | Verigin, 1990 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | After the eggs have been fertilized and have absorbed water, the egg membrane expands to about 5-6 mm | 5.5 mm | Naca, 1989 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Drifting egg [The largest number of eggs are found in the upper water layer in the main river chanel] | Pelagic | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Eggs developp in pelagic water of the river current [The buoyancy of the egg is achieved by the penetration under the membrane of a considerable amount of water and the creation of perivitelline space] | No category | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1981 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Bathypelagic, require tuburlent current to stay suspended | No category | Schrank, 2001 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Semi-buoyant and must remain suspended in the water column by the turbulence of the moving water in order to hatch | Ambiguous | Kolar, 2005 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Develop in pelagic water | No category | Kunz, 2004 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | The eggs of chinese carps are semibuoyant and are carried by currents until they hatch | Ambiguous | Scholfield, 2005 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | The eggs are bathypelagic and must float to hatch [In rivers of eastern Asia, if spawning occurs during periods of rising water levele, the eggs and larvae are carried out dowstream by the current to quiet, flodded lakes, creeks, and channels, which serve as nursery areas] | Pelagic | Jennigs, 1988 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | They produce eggs that are semi-buoyant and require a curent to float | Ambiguous | Schrank, 1999 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Having a greater specific gravity than water, eggs sink to the bottom in still water, yet, they are semi-buoyant in a current, floating until the fry hatch | Ambiguous | Naca, 1989 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 0.7-1.3 | 1.0 mm | Horvath, 1992 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | Most 0.5-1.2 [Egg within ovary], but up to 1.8 | 0.85 mm | Schrank and Guy, 2002 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.25-1.55 [Egg before swelling up] | 1.4 mm | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1981 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | Average 1.64 [Diameter of the ovulated oocytes] | 1.64 mm | Makeyeva, 1996 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.4-1.5 [Unswollen egg] | 1.45 mm | Jennigs, 1988 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | Mean of 1.51 ± 0.016 in 1982 and 1.52 ± 0.06 in 1983 | 1.51 mm | Verigin, 1990 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Temperature during larval development | 24.5 [Reared conditions] | 24.5 °C | Kilambi and Zdinak, 1981 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 22-26 | 24.0 °C | Jennigs, 1988 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 26-30°C [Reared conditions] | 28.0 °C | Santiago, 2003 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Reared at 25°C | 25.0 °C | Dabrowski, 1984 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Reared at 25-33°C | 29.0 °C | Wolnicki, 2005 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism is observed in juveniles | Present | Kozlowski and Poczyczynski, 1999 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | 154-162 [At 7 days at 22-26°C, the yolk sac is completely absorbed and the larvae migrate along the shore, feeding exclusively on external food] | 158.0 °C * day | Jennigs, 1988 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | High mortality of unfed fish larvae was observed starting on day 6 and, except for one tank, all larvae in replicate tanks were dead by day 11 (at 26-30°C) | 28.0 °C * day | Santiago, 2003 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | [After 4.5-5 days at 22-26°C, the larvae are 8.5-9.0 mm, the larvae swim in the water column and feed, but also continue to utilize yolk] | 4.75 °C * day | Jennigs, 1988 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Carp larvae that just started to feed exogeneously (about 3 days post-hatch) were used, T= 26-30°C | 28.0 °C * day | Santiago, 2003 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | The first feeding bighead carp larvae (about 3 days post-hacth), with temperature range 26-28°C in the morning and 28-30°C in the afternoon | 27.0 °C * day | Santiago, 2004 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Rearing fry and fingerlings involves nurturing 3-4 day-old postlarvae, which have begun to eat | 3.5 °C * day | Naca, 1989 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5-5.2 | 5.1 mm | Horvath, 1992 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5.72 (range 5-.67-5.80) BUT hybrid between female grass carp and male bighhead | 5.72 mm | Kilambi and Zdinak, 1981 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5.5-6.0 | 5.75 mm | Jennigs, 1988 |
8 | Initial larval size | 8.1 mm at 2 days old | 8.1 mm | Naca, 1989 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Motile under natural conditions, however, it is carried out by the water current | Demersal | Jennigs, 1988 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | One day after fertilization, larval bighead haTch and enter the ichthyoplankton drift. Seven days after hatching, bighead carp larvae migrate to shore | Demersal | Schrank, 1999 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | External sexual dimorphism can be determined by examining the pectoral fins. In the male, these fins have a sharp edge along the dorsal surface of several front rays, whereas in the female this characteristic is absent. This secondary sexual characteristic of the male is formed before maturity, and once formed, persists throughout its lifetime. | Absent | Jennigs, 1988 |
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Pectoral fin is smooth | Absent | Naca, 1989 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | 17-20% | 18.5 percent | Jennigs, 1988 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Average maturity rate 13.6% | 13.6 percent | Naca, 1989 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | Max=14.7 [Up to 20% in China] in May | 14.7 percent | Schrank and Guy, 2002 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | In Fish from Moldova ponds maturation indexes comprised only 6-9%, on other coolers of Ukraine 10-12%. By our observations in ponds in Turmenistan and Uzbekistan this index comprises 11-13% | 7.5 percent | Makeyeva, 1996 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Avrage relative fecundity 96.7 | 96.7 thousand eggs/kg | Naca, 1989 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 40-80 | 60.0 thousand eggs/kg | Horvath, 1992 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 48.055 ± 14.224 [Female reared in artificial conditions] | 48.055 thousand eggs/kg | Santiago, 2004 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 60 [A female of 18.5 kg has 1.1 million eggs] | 60.0 thousand eggs/kg | Kolar, 2005 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 4-6 | 5.0 years | Horvath, 1992 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 5-7 make up most of the run, about 90 % [Smallest male of 5] | 6.0 years | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 6-8 in temperate conditions [Both sex, but usually male mature earlier] | 7.0 years | Kolar, 2005 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | Range from 2-3 [South China] to 5-6 [Northeast China] to 9 [Moscow] | 2.5 years | Jennigs, 1988 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | Reach sexual maturity at ages 3 through 9 depending on the environmental conditions [Both sex] | 3.0 years | Schrank, 1999 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | In autumn and early spring gonads were at III stage of maturation | ['April', 'May', 'December', 'June', 'October', 'November'] | Makeyeva, 1996 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | At end of April and beginning of May, gonads reached the IV stage of maturation [Gsi about 7-13%] | ['April', 'May'] | Makeyeva, 1996 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | Vitellogenesis in these fishes completes in spring, when the maturation coefficients of females reaches maximum level | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Makeeva, 1988 |
21 | Oocyte development | Low indexes of recorded maturation and of asynchronism in gamete development were characteristic of this species | Asynchronous | Makeyeva, 1996 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 313.6 to 1860.800 | 313.6 thousand eggs | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 288-1100 | 694.0 thousand eggs | Jennigs, 1988 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Average fecundity: 1,925,000 | 1.0 thousand eggs | Naca, 1989 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Mean of 712.5 ± 42.1 (range 381.6-964.4) in 1982 and 810.2 ± 62.2 (range 204.3-1658.8) in 1983 | 712.5 thousand eggs | Verigin, 1990 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 200-1500 | 850.0 thousand eggs | Horvath, 1992 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Mean of 226.213 [Range from 11.558 to 769.964] | 226.213 thousand eggs | Schrank and Guy, 2002 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 280 [First spawners] up to 478-549 [older spawners], up to 1.860 | 513.5 thousand eggs | Kolar, 2005 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 9.3 [16% at 7.9 kg] | 9.3 kg | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 [Female] | 7.5 kg | Jennigs, 1988 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | Average weight of 19,900 kg for fishes in the Changjiang River | 19.0 kg | Naca, 1989 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 3-10 | 6.5 kg | Horvath, 1992 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 kg [Both sex, in Asia and Europe] | 7.5 kg | Schrank, 1999 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 3.38 ± 0.87 [Females reared in control conditions] | 3.38 kg | Santiago, 2004 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 in temperate conditions [Both sex] | 7.5 kg | Kolar, 2005 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | Most (81%) 75-100 [16% at 76] | 87.5 cm | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 67.2-70.3 [Female] | 68.75 cm | Jennigs, 1988 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 40-100 | 70.0 cm | Horvath, 1992 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 50-70 [Both sex, in Asia and Europe] | 60.0 cm | Schrank, 1999 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 53.8 ± 4.7 [Females in reared conditions] | 53.8 cm | Santiago, 2004 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 70-80 in temperature conditions [Both sex] | 75.0 cm | Kolar, 2005 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Most (81%) at 6-7 [Some at 5] | 6.5 year | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Differ between regions from 3-4 [South China and Taiwan] to 6-7 [Northeast China, Israel] to 10 [Moscow] | 3.5 year | Jennigs, 1988 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 5-7 | 6.0 year | Horvath, 1992 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Reach sexual maturity at ages 3 through 9 depending on the environmental conditions [Both sex] | 3.0 year | Schrank, 1999 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 in tropical conditions [Both sex], but 6-8 in temperate conditions | 3.5 year | Kolar, 2005 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Mature males had rough body surface and callosities on the fins | Absent | Santiago, 2004 |
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | External sexual dimorphism can be determined by examining the pectoral fins. In the male, these fins have a sharp edge along the dorsal surface of several front rays, whereas in the female this characteristic is absent. This secondary sexual characteristic of the male is formed before maturity, and once formed, persists throughout its lifetime. Males usually reach sexual maturity one year earlier than females | Absent | Jennigs, 1988 |
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Males generally mature one year earlier and at smaller size than females | Absent | Schrank, 1999 |
30 | Male sexual dimorphism | Edges of the upper rims of several of the foremost pectoral fin rays are sharp and slant backward | Absent | Naca, 1989 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 1.1 | 1.1 percent | Schrank and Guy, 2002 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 1.07 [Not specified if the maximum and when ?] | 1.07 percent | Belova, 1981 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 40-90 | 65.0 cm | Horvath, 1992 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 81-90 for 90% of males [75 for smallest male] | 85.5 cm | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 70-80 in temperate conditions [Bot sex] | 75.0 cm | Kolar, 2005 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 48.4 ±2.4 [Males in reared conditons] | 48.4 cm | Santiago, 2004 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 50-70 [Both sex, in Asia and Europe] | 60.0 cm | Schrank, 1999 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | Individuals studied were 95.5 ± 1.1 cm long | 95.5 cm | Belova, 1981 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | 3-7 | 5.0 kg | Horvath, 1992 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | 7.1 [For smallest male] | 7.1 kg | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 in temperate conditions [Bot sex] | 7.5 kg | Kolar, 2005 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | 2.4 ±0.3 [Males in reared conditions] | 2.4 kg | Santiago, 2004 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 kg [Both sex, in Asia and Europe] | 7.5 kg | Schrank, 1999 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | Most of the caught individuals weigthed 6-12 kg, this size is a characteristic of the sexually mature individuals | 9.0 kg | Ciolac, 2004 |
29 | Weight at sexual maturity | Individuals studied were 7705 +- 207 g | 7705.0 kg | Belova, 1981 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
47 | Mating system | Usually more than two males follow one female [Promiscuous] | Promiscuity | Kolar, 2005 |
47 | Mating system | Promiscuous [The males actively chase the females, occasionally prodding their head against the belly of the females] | Promiscuity | Jennigs, 1988 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Any time of the day | Day | Jennigs, 1988 |
50 | Parental care | Nonguarders | No care | Fishbase, 2006 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Pelagophilous | Pelagophils | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1980 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Their eggs are deposited in flowing water and develop in palegic water | Pelagophils | Kunz, 2004 |
44 | Spawning substrate | The silver carp an the grass carp seem to prefer the superficial waters as well as the big head stay in the deeper horizons of the water | Ambiguous | Ciolac, 2004 |
44 | Spawning substrate | The eggs are fertilized in the water | Pelagophils | Naca, 1989 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | No, open water/substratum eggs scatterers | Open water/substratum scatter | Fishbase, 2006 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 21-25 | 23.0 °C | Horvath, 1992 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 18-20 | 19.0 °C | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 22 | 22.0 °C | Verigin, 1979 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Optimum teperature for spawning is 22-26°C, and water temperature must exceed 19°C to induce spawning activity | 24.0 °C | Schrank, 2001 |
41 | Spawning temperature | From 26-30, also 18.3-23.5 | 28.0 °C | Kolar, 2005 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 19.2-29.0 | 24.1 °C | Scholfield, 2005 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Must be higher than 18°C, about 26-30°C | 28.0 °C | Jennigs, 1988 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Optimum temperature for spawning is 22-26°C, and must be greater than 18°C | 24.0 °C | Schrank, 1999 |
41 | Spawning temperature | The water temperature stabilized for a relatively large period of time in the interval of 18°C to at least 22°C | 18.0 °C | Ciolac, 2004 |
41 | Spawning temperature | The optimum temperature for spawning is 22-28°C | 25.0 °C | Naca, 1989 |
41 | Spawning temperature | D'autre part pendant la journée l'eau stagnante du bassin, avait une température bien trop élevée (maximum 31°C, minimum 28°C) pour influencer favorablement la fraie | 31.0 °C | Lloze, 1967 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 1-2 [June 16-21 or June 21-July 5] | 1.5 weeks | Schrank, 2001 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Spawning period continues from April to July [Mass spawning takes place at the end of May and in the beginning of June] | No data | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
42 | Spawning water type | Spawning takes place after a sharp rise in the water level and current velocity | Flowing or turbulent water | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
42 | Spawning water type | Flowing water | Flowing or turbulent water | Mikodina and Makeyeva, 1981 |
42 | Spawning water type | Typically occurs ar river confluences or behind sandbars, gravels bars, and islands charcaterized by current faster then 0.8 m/s and turbulent flow | Flowing or turbulent water | Schrank, 2001 |
42 | Spawning water type | Primarily used low velocity habitats behind wing dikes | Flowing or turbulent water | Kolar, 2005 |
42 | Spawning water type | Spawning grounds are usually located in river reaches characterized by turbulent or whirlpool-like flow, often in the vicinity of islands or stream junctions [Reported current velocities of spawning areas in China ranged from 0.33 to0.90m/s] | Flowing or turbulent water | Scholfield, 2005 |
42 | Spawning water type | Natural reproduction occurs in channel of large rivers in swift current where velocities exceed 0.8 m/sec [The spawning is generally deposited among the rocks of rapids in river channels, behind sandbars, and at islands at the junction of the currents] | Flowing or turbulent water | Jennigs, 1988 |
42 | Spawning water type | Spawning typically occurs at the confluence of two rivers, behind sanbars, stonebeds, or islands. These areas are characterized by rapid current (>0.8 m/s) and mixing of water | Flowing or turbulent water | Schrank, 1999 |
42 | Spawning water type | The existence and the persistence of the increasing water level, the water flow up to 3 m per second | No category | Ciolac, 2004 |
42 | Spawning water type | En effet, en Chine, les géniteurs sont placés dans des bassins frayères traversés par un courant d'eau continu dont la vitesse est comprise entre 30 et 60 m/s, qui a pour but de créer un facteur mécanique rappelant aux géniteurs leurs lieux de ponte naturelle | Flowing or turbulent water | Lloze, 1967 |
43 | Spawning depth | Near the surface | No data | Kolar, 2005 |
43 | Spawning depth | Much to the activity is generally at the surface of the water | No data | Jennigs, 1988 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | About 125-260 km | 192.5 km | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Often migrate upstream to spawn | No data | Schrank, 2001 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Sometimes exceeding 80 km | 80.0 km | Kolar, 2005 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Spawing migrations starts in the second week of May at 18-19°C | ['May'] | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
37 | Spawning migration period | In May, there is an increasing amount of adults, probably as a result of the start of the crowding process that usually precedes the upstream migration. In June, the capture was the largest one, it signalises the peak of migration. The water temperature is of 19°C to 24°C | ['May', 'June'] | Ciolac, 2004 |
39 | Spawning season | May-July | ['May', 'July', 'June'] | Horvath, 1992 |
39 | Spawning season | Spawning period continues from April to July [Mass spawning takes place at the end of May and in the beginning of June] | ['April', 'May', 'July', 'June'] | Abdusamadov, 1986 |
39 | Spawning season | April-June, peaking in lale May in Asia, in their study in June | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Schrank, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | In China, generally spawn between April and June, peaking in late May [Initiated by rising water levels following the heavy rains that occur in spring] | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Kolar, 2005 |
39 | Spawning season | The spawning season in China extends from April to June, peaking in late May | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Jennigs, 1988 |
39 | Spawning season | In Asia, bighead carp generally spawn between April and June with a peak in late May | ['April', 'May', 'June'] | Schrank, 1999 |
39 | Spawning season | The grass carp spawns earlier, at a lower temperature than silver carp and big head | No data | Ciolac, 2004 |
39 | Spawning season | In the Changjiang River drainage, bighead carp begins to spawn in middle or late May | ['May'] | Naca, 1989 |
48 | Spawning release | Bighead carp often have two or three spawning periods per year [Extended spawing period or multiple spawning] | Mutliple | Schrank, 1999 |
49 | Parity | After spawning, they migrate to floodland lakes | No category | Jennigs, 1988 |
49 | Parity | The maximum age of Bighead carp was reported to be 16 years of age | No category | Kolar, 2005 |