Kolar, S. and Chapman, D.C. and Courtenay, W.R. and Jennings, D.P. (2005) Asian carps of the genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) - A Biological sypopsis and environmental risk assessment.
US Fish and Wildlife service
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | 5.7-6.2, but rarely as small as 3.9 | 5.95 mm |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Semi-buoyant and must remain suspended in the water column by the turbulence of the moving water in order to hatch | Pelagic |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 in tropical conditions [Both sex], but 6-8 in temperate conditions | 3.5 year |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 70-80 in temperature conditions [Both sex] | 75.0 cm |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 in temperate conditions [Both sex] | 7.5 kg |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Female | Relative fecundity | 60 [A female of 18.5 kg has 1.1 million eggs] | 60.0 thousand eggs/kg |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Female | Absolute fecundity | 280 [First spawners] up to 478-549 [older spawners], up to 1.860 | 513.5 thousand eggs |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 6-8 in temperate conditions [Both sex, but usually male mature earlier] | 7.0 years |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 70-80 in temperate conditions [Bot sex] | 75.0 cm |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | 5-10 in temperate conditions [Bot sex] | 7.5 kg |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | Sometimes exceeding 80 km | 80.0 km |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | In China, generally spawn between April and June, peaking in late May [Initiated by rising water levels following the heavy rains that occur in spring] | ['April', 'May', 'June'] |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | From 26-30, also 18.3-23.5 | 28.0 °C |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 18-30 | 24.0 °C |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Primarily used low velocity habitats behind wing dikes | Flowing or turbulent water |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Rapid flowing (current velocity of 0.6-2.3 m/S) turbid water | Flowing or turbulent water |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Near the surface | No data |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Usually more than two males follow one female [Promiscuous] | Promiscuity |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Spawning conditions | Parity | The maximum age of Bighead carp was reported to be 16 years of age | No category |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | Water-hardened egg 4.9-5.6 | 5.25 mm |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Semi-buoyant eggs | Pelagic |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 but up to 5-6 | 3.5 year |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Female | Absolute fecundity | 299-5.1 | 152.05 thousand eggs |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 [Male usually mature one year earlier than female] | 3.5 years |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | Mid May through Mid-June in Arkansas, May through July in the Terek River | ['May', 'June', 'July'] |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 8 to 10 weeks | 8.0 weeks |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 18-19 but also 22-26 | 18.5 °C |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Current velocities 0.3-3 m/s | Flowing or turbulent water |
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Parity | Up to 10 or 15 years of age | No category |