Trait completeness | 94% |
Total data | 206 |
References | 41 |
Author: Fabrice Téletchéa
License: All rights reserved
Trait id | Trait | Primary data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Egg adhesiveness | Not sticky | Non-Adhesive | Fishbase, 2006 |
5 | Incubation time | 2.3 [17°C], 4.7 [13°C] | 2.3 days | Fishbase, 2006 |
5 | Incubation time | 2.9-3.6 [Hatching takes 87 hours at 15°C and 69 hours at 17°C], and in all other studies carried out on sea bass egg 93 hours at 13 and 115 at 13°C for 100% hatching | 3.25 days | Saka, 2001 |
5 | Incubation time | Meadian hatch at 72 hours at 16°C | 72.0 days | Katavic, 1989 |
5 | Incubation time | [Mean of 115 ± 5 hours [At 13°C], 81 ± 3 hours [15°C] and 72 ± 2 [17°C]] | 115.0 days | Dechauvelle and Coves, 1988 |
5 | Incubation time | 112 hours at 15°C, but vary from 70-120 hours dpeending on temperature | 95.0 days | Barnabé, 1980 |
5 | Incubation time | 48-72 hours at 16-17°C | 60.0 days | Cerda, 1994 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 40-50 | 45.0 °C * day | Fishbase, 2006 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 48-54 [Hatching takes 87 hours at 15°C and 69 hours at 17°C] | 51.0 °C * day | Saka, 2001 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 62 [13°C], 50 [15°C] and 51 [17°C] | 62.0 °C * day | Dechauvelle and Coves, 1988 |
7 | Degree-days for incubation | 70 DD [112 hour at 15°C] | 70.0 °C * day | Barnabé, 1980 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 13-17 | 15.0 °C | Fishbase, 2006 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 13.3 °C | Saillant, 2001 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | At 15 or 17°C | 15.0 °C | Saka, 2001 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 16°C | 16.0 °C | Katavic, 1989 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15 ± 0.5°C | 15.0 °C | Cerda, 1994 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | 15°C and 19°C [High temperature during early stages favours the devleopment of anomalies due to its acceleration in development rate] | 15.0 °C | Abdel, 2004 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Eggs collected at 9.5-16.5°C, mostly 13-15°C | 13.0 °C | Dechauvelle and Coves, 1988 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Eggs were incubated at 16 ± 0.3°C | 16.0 °C | Johnson and Katavic, 1986 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Rearing temperature 15°C | 15.0 °C | Barnabé, 1980 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Incubated at 15°C | 15.0 °C | Fornies, 2001 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Nowadays,the application of a low temperature (15°C vs 20°C) during the embryonic, yolk-sac larval and/or larval phase in Mediterranean hatcheries has been proven to be efficient not only in decreasing the ratio of female sea bass and the growth potential of reared populations,but also in decreasing the occurrence of hemal lordosis that develops during the subsequent juvenile phase. | 15.0 °C | Georgakopoulou, 2007 |
6 | Temperature for incubation | Hatching occurs in fullsea water (34°/oo) at a temperature of 15°C | 15.0 °C | Giffard-Mena,2006 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | Mean of 1.162 ±0.0004, min 1.088, Max 1.214 | 1.162 mm | Saka, 2001 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.2 | 1.2 mm | Mayer, 1990 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.26-1.31 | 1.285 mm | Pawson, 2000 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.19-1.29 | 1.24 mm | Barahona-Fernandes, 1977 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | A perivitelline space appears, 15 to 60 minutes post oviposition, whether or not the eggs are fertilized. The mean diameter of egg was 1.2 mm with 1.07 and 1.32 mm at minimum and maximum values [Egg diameters described in other places as 1.07-1.32 in Brittany, 1.02-1.296 in the Mediterranean coast, 1.386 for the North Sea] | 1.195 mm | Dechauvelle and Coves, 1988 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | Mean of 1.115, range 1.12-1.19. In different studies vary from 1.15-1.20 in Mediterranean Sea and 1.08-1.51 in Atlantic Ocean [Fertilized eggs] | 1.155 mm | Barnabé, 1980 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.17963 ± 0.0047 [Fertilized eggs] | 1.17963 mm | Carillo, 1989 |
2 | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.18 ± 0.01 [Fertilized eggs] | 1.18 mm | Cerda, 1994 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Buoyant | Pelagic | Fishbase, 2006 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Pelagic | Pelagic | Tyler and Sumpter, 1996 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Floating eggs [Sinking eggs were all non-fertilized] | Ambiguous | Saillant, 2001 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | During incubation studies, the eggs demonstrated pelagic properties in salinities over 35%o and demersal properties in salinities below 34 %o | No category | Saka, 2001 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Small pelagic eggs | No category | Mayer, 1990 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Buoyant | Pelagic | Fornies, 2001 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Pelagic | Pelagic | Secor, 2002 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | The fecund egg is pelagic, spherical and translucent | No category | Dechauvelle and Coves, 1988 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Pelagic | Pelagic | Barnabé, 1980 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | The percentage which were of good quality was detemirned by mesuaring the proportion of floating (good quality) to sinking (ppor quality) | Ambiguous | Carillo, 1989 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Buoyant eggs | Pelagic | Cerda, 1994 |
3 | Egg Buoyancy | Egg quality was assessed according to the volume of the floating (viable) eggs | Pelagic | Zanuy, 1995 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.15 | 1.15 mm | Zohar, 1984 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | Mode 1.3, 1.1-1.51 [Not specified] | 1.305 mm | Fishbase, 2006 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | 1.1 | 1.1 mm | Tyler and Sumpter, 1996 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | The postvitellogenic oocytes rapidly increasing volume by about 250% until they reach the hyaline stage 1.0-1.1 mm | 1.05 mm | Mayer, 1990 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | On completion of maturation (ripe egg stage), prior to ovulation, the oocyte (now an egg) mesures about 1.2 mm | 1.2 mm | Mayer, 1988 |
1 | Oocyte diameter | Mean of 1.15 | 1.15 mm | Cerda, 1994 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Temperature during larval development | 16.5 | 16.5 °C | Fishbase, 2006 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | For the first 20 days of larval culture the water temperature was maintained at 16-18°C. Thereafter the temperature was increased at 19°C | 17.0 °C | Katavic, 1989 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 17.7-18.9°C [Rearing conditions] | 18.3 °C | Barahona-Fernandes, 1977 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 19 [Rearing conditions] | 19.0 °C | Cahu, 1998 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | From 16 to 23°C [For larval rearing] and 23°C ±2 [For post-larval rearing] | 16.0 °C | Hatziathanasiou, 2002 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 16.5°C | 16.5 °C | Secor, 2002 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Reared at 19 ±1°C | 19.0 °C | Barahona-Fernandes, 1979 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | 15 ± 0.5°C | 15.0 °C | Cerda, 1994 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | The percentage of anomalies observed in individuals reared at high temperature (19 for incubation/ and 19°C for cultivation) was 66.44% | 19.0 °C | Abdel, 2004 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Reared at 15, 18 and 21°C | 15.0 °C | Johnson and Katavic, 1986 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | The water temperature in the tank ranged from 18.7 to 19.3°C | 18.7 °C | Barahona-Fernandes and Girin, 1976 |
11 | Temperature during larval development | Rearing temperature vary between 15-20, mostly at 18-19°C | 17.5 °C | Barnabé, 1980 |
10 | Reaction to light | It is well known that marine fish larvae are positively phototropic and that feeding is greatly facilitated by a high light intensity | Photopositive | Barahona-Fernandes, 1979 |
10 | Reaction to light | Positively phototropic | Photopositive | Barnabé, 1980 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | NO INFORMATIONS | Absent | Barnabé, 1980 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Sea bass fingerlings, if not fed early in the morning, showed increased cannibalistic activities, 37% of the larger fish filled their stomachs with smaller siblings. The predator must be twice the length of the victim for ingestion. The extent of cannibalism is found to depend on feeding frequency | Present | Katavic, 1989 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism described | Present | Bry, 1992 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Present | Present | Hecht and Pienaar, 1993 |
12 | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Cannibalism was the main cause of death in post-larvae. Two types of cannibalism was detected: type I, attack from tail (observed at the beginning of the stage) and type II, attack from head (observed at the end of the stage) | Present | Hatziathanasiou, 2002 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | 8 days | 8.0 °C * day | Saillant, 2001 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | Feeding depends upon the yolk vesicle which persists beyond the mouth opening (day 5 post-hatching) until the end of endotrophy (day 7) at 15°C | 5.0 °C * day | Giffard-Mena,2006 |
13 | Full yolk-sac resorption | The differences between the mortality rates of the different temperature treatments were expressed at the end of yolk-sac larval stage (4-7 days post-hatching) | 5.5 °C * day | Georgakopoulou, 2007 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | 115 [6 days at 19°C] | 115.0 °C * day | Cahu, 1998 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | 160-230 [After day 10, larval development was based only on exogeneous food, at 16-23°C] | 195.0 °C * day | Hatziathanasiou, 2002 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Time of first feeding (8-9 days from hatching at 15°C) at a length of 4.78 mm | 8.5 °C * day | Cerda, 1994 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Feeding of cultured sea bass larvae has commonly begun at initiation of mouth opening (4 days after hatching). Initial feeding can be delayed 2-4 days without adversely affecting survival or growth of sea bass larvae if they are held at ambient temperature in dilute sea water | 3.0 °C * day | Johnson and Katavic, 1986 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | First feeding about 6-7 days | 6.5 °C * day | Barnabé, 1980 |
14 | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Feeding depends upon the yolk vesicle which persists beyong the mouth opening (day 5 post-hatching) until the end of endotrophy (day 7) at 15°C | 5.0 °C * day | Giffard-Mena,2006 |
8 | Initial larval size | Mode 3.83, range 3.61-4.05 | 3.83 mm | Fishbase, 2006 |
8 | Initial larval size | 4.73-5.26 length at 8-day-old | 4.995 mm | Saillant, 2001 |
8 | Initial larval size | 5.12 [Not specified if at hatching] | 5.12 mm | Hatziathanasiou, 2002 |
8 | Initial larval size | Mean of 3.73 and 3.85 for two different treatments | 3.73 mm | Cerda, 1994 |
8 | Initial larval size | 3.5-4, data based on a graph | 3.75 mm | Barnabé, 1980 |
8 | Initial larval size | 3.5 mm at hatching | 3.5 mm | Giffard-Mena,2006 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Planktonic | Demersal | Fishbase, 2006 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Larvae are transported into embayments and estuarine nursery habitats | Demersal | Secor, 2002 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Pelagic | Pelagic | Barnabé, 1980 |
9 | Larvae behaviour | Eggs and pre-larvae drift passively towards coastal zones | Demersal | Giffard-Mena,2006 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Female sexual dimorphism | Normally, males are smaller than females at the time of firts maturity, although there is no clear sexual dimorphism | Absent | Rodriguez, 2001 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | About 7.5 [In April, at Arcachon] | 7.5 percent | Zohar, 1984 |
24 | Maximum GSI value | About 7.5, in March [In Arcachon, France], 8% in January[In Sète, France], 7.5 in December [Tunisia] | 7.5 percent | Barnabé, 1980 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 200 (mean) | 200.0 thousand eggs/kg | Prat, 1990 |
19 | Relative fecundity | About 200 [Extreme values range from 293-358 for Irlande's populations to 492-955 for Tunisian populations] | 325.5 thousand eggs/kg | Zohar, 1984 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 273-538 [Also 293-358, or 492-955] | 405.5 thousand eggs/kg | Mayer, 1990 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 188-244 | 216.0 thousand eggs/kg | Cerda, 1994 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 293-358 eggs/g for females 32.2-42.4 cm, also 492-955 eggs/g | 325.5 thousand eggs/kg | Barnabé, 1980 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Relative fecundity of control fish 279 | 279.0 thousand eggs/kg | Carillo, 1989 |
19 | Relative fecundity | 230 | 230.0 thousand eggs/kg | Zanuy, 1995 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Mean range 292.7, 319 and 434.6 | 292.7 thousand eggs/kg | Dechauvelle and Coves, 1998 |
19 | Relative fecundity | Relative fecundity in all GnRHa groups was high, being 542000 ± 79000, 420000 ± 50000 and 410000 ± 37000 | 542000.0 thousand eggs/kg | Fornies, 2001 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2 | 2.0 years | Papadaki, 2005 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-3 [Female in Meditterranean Sea] and 4-7 [Off Irlande] | 2.5 years | Zohar, 1984 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [Unsexed] | 3.0 years | Fishbase, 2006 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | 4-7 [Great Brittany], 4 [Arcachon, France], 2 [Sète, France] and 2-3 [Tunisia] | 5.5 years | Barnabé, 1980 |
27 | Age at sexual maturity | Bass in British waters mature for the first time at 4-7 years (about 35 cm total length), with males generally maturing before females | 5.5 years | Mayer, 1988 |
26 | Resting period | April to May (High percentage of atretic female) | No data | Prat, 1990 |
26 | Resting period | < 0,5 [Between June to October, at Arcachon] | 0.0 months | Zohar, 1984 |
26 | Resting period | June-October [In Arcachon, France], May-October [In Sète, France], April-July [Tunisia] | No data | Barnabé, 1980 |
26 | Resting period | From June to early August, oocyte development is minimal | No data | Mayer, 1990 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | October-November | ['October', 'November'] | Prat, 1990 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | December [At Arcachon, France] | ['December'] | Zohar, 1984 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | October-November [In Arcachon, France], September [In Sète, France], October [Tunisia] | ['October', 'November', 'September'] | Barnabé, 1980 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | In control fish group exogeneous vitellogenesis began in early November | ['November'] | Carillo, 1989 |
22 | Onset of oogenesis | Recruitment of primary oocytes into secondary (vitellogenic) growth, continues through August and September, by the end of which time the ovaries have reacehd maturity stage III. From mid-October, oocyte development starts to accelerate. | ['October', 'August', 'September'] | Mayer, 1990 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | February-March [At Arcachon, France] | ['February', 'March'] | Zohar, 1984 |
23 | Intensifying oogenesis activity | February [In Arcachon, France], October-November [In Sète, France], October-November [Tunisia] | ['February', 'October', 'November'] | Barnabé, 1980 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous | Group-synchronous | Prat, 1990 |
21 | Oocyte development | Asynchronous | Asynchronous | Tyler and Sumpter, 1996 |
21 | Oocyte development | Bass shows group-synchronous oocyte development, at least two populations ('clutches') of oocytes can be distinguished in the ovary | Group-synchronous | Mayer, 1990 |
21 | Oocyte development | Group-synchronous type | Group-synchronous | Mananos, 1997 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 290-2000.043 | 1145.0215 thousand eggs | Mayer, 1990 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | 2.500 [Maximum fecundidy] | 2.5 thousand eggs | Secor, 2002 |
20 | Absolute fecundity | Vary between 135 and 210 | 135.0 thousand eggs | Cerda, 1994 |
17 | Weight at sexual maturity | NO INFORMATIONS | No data | Zohar, in Barnabé et Billard ed. L'aquaculture du Bar et des Sparidés, INRA Publ., Paris, 1984, 3-24 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 25-40 | 32.5 cm | Zohar, in Barnabé et Billard ed. L'aquaculture du Bar et des Sparidés, INRA Publ., Paris, 1984, 3-24 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 36-46 [Female] | 41.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
16 | Length at sexual maturity | 37.7 [Great Brittany], 42.5 [Arcachon, France], 37.1-40 [Sète, France] and 31.4-32.6 [Tunisia] | 38.55 cm | Barnabé, 1980 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 | 3.0 year | Papadaki, 2005 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 4-5 [Female in Meditterranean Sea] and 5-8 [Off Irlande] | 4.5 year | Zohar, 1984 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [Unsexed] | 3.0 year | Fishbase, 2006 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 2-3 [Female specified] | 2.5 year | Secor, 2002 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | 5-8 [Great Brittany], 6 [Arcachon, France], 3 [Sète, France] and 4-5 [Tunisia] | 6.5 year | Barnabé, 1980 |
15 | Age at sexual maturity | Bass in British waters mature for the first time at 4-7 years (about 35 cm total length), with males generally maturing before females | 5.5 year | Mayer, 1988 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | October-November | ['October', 'November'] | Prat, 1990 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | December-January | ['January', 'December'] | Zohar, 1984 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | December [In Arcachon, France], October [In Sète, France], September [Tunisia] | ['October', 'December', 'September'] | Barnabé, 1980 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | October | ['October'] | Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | October | ['October'] | Rodriguez, 2004 |
31 | Onset of spermatogenesis | November | ['November'] | Rodriguez, 2005 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 2.5 [March in Arcachon] to 5 [February, Sète] | 2.5 percent | Zohar, 1984 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 2.5 in March [In Arcachon, France], 5% In January [In Sète, France], 5.2 in December [Tunisia] | 2.5 percent | Barnabé, 1980 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | During the second reprodcutive period (third annual cycle), the control group showed higher GSI values (January Ferbaury 2.5-3.0%) than at the first reproductive period | 2.75 percent | Rodriguez, 2001 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | January | No data | Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | 2.5 [In January] | 2.5 percent | Rodriguez, 2004 |
33 | Maximum GSI value | Mean of 1.5, up to 1.8% [In beginning of February] | 1.5 percent | Rodriguez, 2005 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | October-November [In Arcachon] | ['October', 'November'] | Prat, 1990 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | January-February [in Arcachon] | ['February', 'January'] | Zohar, 1984 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | January-February [In Arcachon, France], October-November [In Sète, France], October-November [Tunisia] | ['February', 'October', 'November', 'January'] | Barnabé, 1980 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | December | ['December'] | Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | December | ['December'] | Rodriguez, 2004 |
32 | Main spermatogenesis activity | December-January | ['January', 'December'] | Rodriguez, 2005 |
35 | Resting period | < 0,5 [March to September] | 0.0 months | Zohar, 1984 |
35 | Resting period | May-November [In Arcachon, France], May-October [In Sète, France], February-September [Tunisia] | No data | Barnabé, 1980 |
35 | Resting period | From April to October | No data | Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003 |
34 | Spermatogenesis duration | One month (Spematozoa present in November) | No data | Prat, 1990 |
34 | Spermatogenesis duration | All males were spermiating from December to March | No data | Prat, 1999 |
34 | Spermatogenesis duration | With both diets, males were running (mitting sperm on gentle hand pressure) from early November to late April | No data | Cerda, 1994 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 19-35 | 27.0 cm | Zohar, in Barnabé et Billard ed. L'aquaculture du Bar et des Sparidés, INRA Publ., Paris, 1984, 3-24 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 31-41 [Male] | 36.0 cm | Fishbase, 2006 |
28 | Length at sexual maturity | 33.7 [Great Brittany], 31.9-37.2 [Arcachon, France], 28-30 [Sète, France] and 23.1-25.5 [Tunisia] | 34.55 cm | Barnabé, 1980 |
Trait id | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
47 | Mating system | Spawns in group | Promiscuity | Fishbase, 2006 |
47 | Mating system | 1 or 2 males, always smaller than a female, with a female | No category | Barnabé, 1980 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | It does not seem that there is a specific hour, spawn all day long [in reared conditions, seem to spawn mostly during the morning] | Day | Zohar, 1984 |
46 | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | It does not seem that there is a specific hour, spawn all day long [in reared conditions, seem to spawn mostly during the morning] but in the wild, fish were observed spawing during the day | Day | Barnabé, 1980 |
50 | Parental care | Non guarders | No care | Fishbase, 2006 |
50 | Parental care | Not any parental care is provided to eggs | No category | Barnabé, 1980 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Pelagophilous | Pelagophils | Balon, 1975 |
44 | Spawning substrate | Above rocks | Lithophils | Barnabé, 1980 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open water/susbtratum egg scatterers | Open water/substratum scatter | Fishbase, 2006 |
45 | Spawning site preparation | Open substratum spawner | Open water/substratum scatter | Balon, 1975 |
41 | Spawning temperature | 9-12 | 10.5 °C | Zohar, in Barnabé et Billard ed. L'aquaculture du Bar et des Sparidés, INRA Publ., Paris, 1984, 3-24 |
41 | Spawning temperature | At about 14.6°C | 14.6 °C | Abdel, 2004 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Vary between 10.6-12.6 | 11.6 °C | Barnabé, 1980 |
41 | Spawning temperature | Spawning occured for control fish between 11.9-13.8 | 12.85 °C | Carillo, 1989 |
41 | Spawning temperature | The spawning begun at the time of the lowest water temperature of the year (12-13°C) and a short but inreasing daylength | 12.5 °C | Mananos, 1997 |
41 | Spawning temperature | On the south-east coast of Spain, under natural conditions, spawning occurs during winter months, under low temperatures (12-14°C) and short and/or increasing daylengths | 13.0 °C | Rodriguez, 2001 |
40 | Spawning period duration | About 4 weeks for the female, much longer for males, seems to be 2-3 months | 2.5 weeks | Prat, 1999 |
40 | Spawning period duration | 2-3 months | 2.5 weeks | Secor, 2002 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Female fish fed D1 showed a spawning period of 93 days, with the first spawning occuring in early January and the last in the first half of April. The second dietary treatment slightly extended the spawning spread to 104 days | 1.0 weeks | Cerda, 1994 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Spawning spread in control fish : 46 days | 46.0 weeks | Carillo, 1989 |
40 | Spawning period duration | Natural spawning time of the control group : first spawning February 2 and last one March 20, mean spawning time 24 ± 5 February | 24.0 weeks | Zanuy, 1995 |
42 | Spawning water type | Coastal zones, at sea | No category | Billard, 1997 |
42 | Spawning water type | Sea margin | No category | Secor, 2002 |
43 | Spawning depth | Mostly at depth < 10 m, yet spawners ready to spawn were found at 40-50 m deep | 45.0 m | Barnabé, 1980 |
36 | Spawning migration distance | Not true migrations but rather small movements between feeding and spawning areas | No data | Barnabé, 1980 |
37 | Spawning migration period | In England: In October, towards south (Cornouailles coast) then a back migration in spring following the spawning | ['April', 'October', 'May', 'June'] | Barnabé, 1980 |
37 | Spawning migration period | Control fish spawn between2 February and 20 March | ['February', 'March'] | Carillo, 1989 |
39 | Spawning season | December | ['December'] | Prat, 1990, |
39 | Spawning season | December to January with an optimum in January [Mediterranean Sea] and April-May [Britany] and June [Irlande] | ['April', 'January', 'May', 'December', 'June'] | Zohar, 1984 |
39 | Spawning season | December-April | ['April', 'March', 'January', 'December', 'February'] | Billard, 1997 |
39 | Spawning season | January till April, and March to June in nothern regions | ['April', 'March', 'January', 'June'] | Fishbase, 2006 |
39 | Spawning season | April-May [Nothern Bristol Channel] | ['April', 'May'] | Mayer, 1990 |
39 | Spawning season | Spawning occured from 09 February 2001 to 12 May 2001, in natural photoperiod and tempertaure conditions | ['February', 'May'] | Abdel, 2004 |
39 | Spawning season | According to the lattitudes, spawns in winter, December to March with an optimum in January in Mediterranean Sea, April-May in Brittany (France), and up to June (Irland) | ['April', 'March', 'January', 'May', 'December', 'June', 'February'] | Barnabé, 1980 |
39 | Spawning season | In the control fish, maintained under a simulated natural photoperiod cycle and natural temperature, spawning occured from February through March. | ['February', 'March'] | Mananos, 1997 |
39 | Spawning season | On the south-east coast of Spain, under natural conditions, spawning occurs during winter months | ['February', 'March', 'January'] | Rodriguez, 2001 |
39 | Spawning season | December to March in the Mediterranean Sea | ['March', 'December'] | Gonzalez and Piferrer, 2003 |
39 | Spawning season | Reproduction in sea bass takes place in winter, when water temperature is between 11 to 15°C | ['February', 'March', 'January'] | Georgakopoulou, 2007 |
48 | Spawning release | Once a year (but several times in captivity) | Ambiguous | Prat, 1990 |
48 | Spawning release | Once a year [One batch per female released during few hours] | Ambiguous | Zohar, 1984 |
48 | Spawning release | Batch spawner [Once clear seasonal peak per year] | Mutliple | Fishbase, 2006 |
48 | Spawning release | Batch spawner | Mutliple | Berlinsky, 1995 |
48 | Spawning release | Batch | Mutliple | Tyler and Sumpter, 1996 |
48 | Spawning release | Multi-batch spawner | Mutliple | Secor, 2002 |
48 | Spawning release | Fractional spawner [Once spawning has started, successive clutches appear to be recruited in quick succession from the large hetegogeneous population of smaller secondary oocytes. The first cluth contained 30-50% of the total number of seconday oocytes and that successive clutches contained relatively fewer oocytes. Spawn three or four seperate clutches in quick succession, successive clutches containing fewer oocytes. No secondary oocytes are 'held over' for the subsequent reproductive season.] | Ambiguous | Mayer, 1990 |
49 | Parity | Iteroparous | Iteroparous | Zohar, 1984 |
49 | Parity | Could live up to 20 years, even 30 years in reared conditions | No category | Barnabé, 1980 |