Malison, J.A and Held, J.A. (1996) Reproductive biology and spawning., pp. 11-18
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Sander vitreus | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | During this water-hardening [2-3 hours] the eggs will swell to about twice their original volume] | 2.5 mm |
| Sander vitreus | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | The eggs have an adhesive coating that can act to attach them to the substrate over which thet have been broadca. Over the next several hours the eggs swell to about twice their original size and lose their adhesive quality | Adhesive |
| Sander vitreus | Egg | Incubation time | 26 [At 4.4°C], 21 [At 10-12.8°C], 7 [At 13.9°C] | 11.4 days |
| Sander vitreus | Larvae | Initial larval size | 6-9.5 [Mean 7.6] | 7.75 mm |
| Sander vitreus | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Fry are pelagic | Pelagic |
| Sander vitreus | Larvae | Reaction to light | Photopositive | Photopositive |
| Sander vitreus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | In the wild, females mature at 3-6 years | 4.5 year |
| Sander vitreus | Female | Length at sexual maturity | Size greater than 36 | 36.0 cm |
| Sander vitreus | Female | Relative fecundity | Average 60, but range 28-120 | 74.0 thousand eggs/kg |
| Sander vitreus | Female | Resting period | By late spring, ovaries were already filled with a large number of non-vitellogenic oocytes; indicating that female have a relatively short post-spawning quiescient period | 4.0 months |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | Early spring, as early as February in southern areas and can extend into July | ['February', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July'] |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Usually 1-2 in any given location | 1.5 weeks |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Peak spawning at 5.6-10°C | 7.8 °C |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Inlet streams, flooded wetland vegetation | Stagnant water |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Over gravel and rubble shoals, gravel bottoms of inlet stream,or flooded wetland vegetation | Lithophils |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Do not build nests, eggs are broadcast onto suitable susbrates | Open water/substratum scatter |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Females can completely spawn in one night | Night |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Any particular pair of fish. The spawning act culminates in a rush to the surface by a female and two flanking males, with other males in close pursuit and a turning or pushing of the female onto its side which indicates spawning has occurred | No category |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | 200-300 eggs released per each spawning act, with acts repeated at 5-min intervals; waleye randomly broadcats eggs onto suitable substrates | No category |
| Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Parity | Spawn annually | No category |