Kerr, S.J. and Grant, R.E. (1999) Ecological impacts of fish introductions: Evaluating the risk.
Fish and Wildlife Branch, Ontation Ministry of Natural Resources
Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
Esox masquinongy | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Adults pair off at spawning time, usually one large female with one ot two smaller males | No category |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One or two smaller males pair up with one larger, mature female | No category |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Individulas may spawn in different nests with different mates | No category |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Males and females may spawn more than once during the spanwing season | No category |
Micropterus dolomieui | Spawning conditions | Mating system | More than one female can spawn in the nest of a single male | No category |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Female may lay eggs in more than one nest during a single spawning season | No category |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Several males fertilize the eggs as they are extruded by the female in a gelatinous, convoluted string | No category |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Generally involves groups of one large feamle and two smaller males or two females and up to six males | Promiscuity |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Several males are attracted as the female starts to dig in earnest. The largest male dominates and joins her in the centre of the redd. | No category |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Several males are attracted as the female continues this activity. The largest male dominates and joins her in the centre of the redd | No category |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Mating stops between the pair when the female is spent | No category |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Mating system | A male will court many females within its range [Lake trout visit and probably spawn on more than one shoal] | Polygyny |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning usually takes place at night, but will spawn during daylight hours | Ambiguous |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | The time at which yellow perch spawning occurs has been reported as being both at night and during the day | Ambiguous |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawing takes place most often at night | Night |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning activity occurs at night | Night |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Nest constrution occurs both day and night | Ambiguous |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning activity takes place during the day | Day |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Occurs during the day: mating will go uninterrupted for several hours, except for periods of darkness or when the female begins to build a new nest | Day |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning generally occurs during the day with peaks in spawning activity occuring between 1300 and 1400 | Day |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Most spawning takes place during the hours of darkness between dusk and 2300 hours | Dusk |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Males guard nest | Male parental care |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Provides no parental care for eggs or young | No care |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Males guard eggs and fry | Male parental care |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Males guard nest and fry | Male parental care |
Micropterus dolomieui | Spawning conditions | Parental care | The males guards the nest from predators and fans the eggs during the inbubation period | Male parental care |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Almost any substrate may be used as a nest site from rock to organic substrate. But mostly over gravel (coarse and fine), and mud, sand to mud below boulders | No category |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Parental care | No parental care is provided to the eggs or fry | No category |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Parental care | No parental care is provided to the eggs or young | No category |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Eggs are not guarded by either parents | No care |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Spawning conditions | Parental care | The female may guard the redd as long as she is able | No category |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | The male abandons the female and immediately begins to court another ripe female. The spent female leaves the spawning site | No category |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Parental care | No parental care is provided after the nest is covered | No category |
Ameiurus nebulosus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Parental care is given to the eggs by one or both parents [One or both parents may eat the eggs] | Biparental care |
Ictalurus punctatus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Males guards nests and young fry | Male parental care |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Eggs are laid on the underside of a rock, branch or log, also on stems of hardstem bulrush | Lithophils |
Esox masquinongy | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawning activity usually occurs in heavily vegetated flooded areas | No category |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Optimal substrate is flooded vegetation, preferably grasses and sedges | Phytophils |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Sand or gravel bottom, swamps, gravels shoals, coarse sand or gravel bottom | Ambiguous |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Aquatic vegetation with clay, sand or gravel bottom | Ambiguous |
Micropterus dolomieui | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | The bottom material may be comprised of gravel, rock or less frequently, sand [The preferredsize of gravel or rock bubble is 3.3-6.0 cm in diameter] | Ambiguous |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Largemouth are known to nest on a wide variety of bottom mineral including sand, gravel, clay and mud or on roots of emergent vegetation | Ambiguous |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Yellow perch seem to have little preference for bottom type, allowing them a wide variety of habitat choices | No category |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Typical spawning sites include gravel-rubble shoals, gravel-cobble subtrates | Lithophils |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Bottom type is often flat rock, stone or gravel or sometimes sand [Spawning shoals could also be composed of cobble-boulder limestone over a sand, clay or bedrock base located from the shoreline out to a depth of several metres] | Ambiguous |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | 2-15 cm is the optimal spawning substrate [Prefers smaller substrates than O. tshawytscha] | No category |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawning subrates sizes from fines (0.3 cm) to cobble (15cm) | No category |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Stream bed gravel and a flow of intra-gravel water [Gravel from 5.1-20.3 cm diameter] | Ambiguous |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravel substrate: size preference to be 10 to 20 mm in diameter [If no gravel can be found, spawning is known to occur in areas of sand or hard clay perticles] | Ambiguous |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | "Genrally occurs over areas or gravel, but occassionally sand The size of spawning material can vary anywhere between coarse sand and boulder-strewn gravel, but the preferred size of spawning material seems to be ""walnut-sized"" gravel" | Ambiguous |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | "While ""pea"" gravel (0.4-2.0 cm) is the preferred substrate for spawning, brrok trout are know to used other loose bottom material [Areas of silt where upwellings are present are also commonly used, even in the absence of gravel" | Lithophils |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lake trout ave very selective in their choice of sites for spawning: good spawning substrate consists of clean cobble, boulder or broken angular rock with large interstices that provide protection to eggs [Prefereed spawinng grounds consist of largest diameter rock rock with three to 15 cm and is common,ly interspersed with larger boulders, average diameter of 4.3] | Lithophils |
Ameiurus nebulosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Nest is located over mud or sand or among roots of aquatic vegetation in a protected area | Ambiguous |
Ictalurus punctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Cavities, burrows, under rocks near shore, undercut banks, under logs | Lithophils |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Males construct nest | Nest built by male |
Esox masquinongy | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Fertilized eggs are scattered at random | No category |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Random spawner | No category |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male clear shawllow depression up to 0.6 m in diameter | No category |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Nest diameter usually two times length of the male | No category |
Micropterus dolomieui | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The male sweeps the nest clean with his tail and occasionally carries stones and othe rmaterials from the nest area | No category |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Nest builder [One or two days prior to egg laying the male largemouth bass selects a nest which is often situated near the protection of rocks, stumps, logs or weeds] | No category |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male are not territorial and no nest is built [Eggs are broadcast at random over suitable substrate] | Open water/substratum scatter |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Once a site is selected, the females begins to construct a shallow depression in the gravel with her tail | No category |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The female begins to construt a shallow depression in the gravel with her tail | No category |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The female begins to construct a shallow depression in the gravel with her tail | No category |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The female excavates a saucer-shaped nest in the gravel | No category |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The female selects a suitable site and digs a redd using her body and tail | Susbtrate chooser |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The female begins building a redd by fanning the finer particles of the substrate with her tail | Susbtrate chooser |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The males appear to clean the rocks with her tails but do not build a nest | No category |
Ameiurus nebulosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | One or both sexes clear s shallow nest | Nest built by both parents |
Ictalurus punctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male buids nest | Nest built by male |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 15-18, 14.4-18.3, 15.6-28.9 | 16.5 °C |
Esox masquinongy | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 9.4-15, other authors: 8-10.5°C, 7.8-13°C, 12.8 optimal | 12.2 °C |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 4.4-12°C, but generally 9°C [The start of spawning period usually coincides with the period of peak run-off when water temperatures are approximately 4.4°C, the spawning period ends when water temperature reach 13°C) | 8.2 °C |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 16-21, 15.6, 15.6-21.1 and 20.6-23.3 | 18.5 °C |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 20, 18.9-21.1 | 20.0 °C |
Micropterus dolomieui | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Varies: 15-18, 12.5-23.5, 12.8-20.0 | 16.5 °C |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Between 15-24, also 16.7-18.3, the optimum being 21°C | 19.5 °C |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Varies between authors: 5-14, 9-12, 7-11, 6.1-8.9 | 9.5 °C |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Generally begins at 5-10°C, with peak activity in the 7-8°C range | 7.5 °C |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 4.4-10.0°C, even 3-4°C, most at less than 7-8°C [Most successful spawning occurs at temperatures <6.1°C] | 7.2 °C |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Between 1-10°C, mostly 7.8-11.1 | 5.5 °C |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Basically at 3.9-9.4°C, but also described at 10-15°C | 6.65 °C |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 6-10 | 8.0 °C |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 6-9°C | 7.5 °C |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Between 2-7, 5-6 or at 4°C | 4.5 °C |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Spawning activity and success occurs at below 9°C [4.5-10°C] | 7.25 °C |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 9-13 [Onset of spawning appears to be stimulated by heavy winds when water temperatures drop to near 10°C, Increase and prolonged cloud cover can also advance the spawning period] | 11.0 °C |
Ameiurus nebulosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 21 [Also when water reaches 27°C] | 21.0 °C |
Ictalurus punctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 21-23.3 up to 29.5 | 22.15 °C |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 10-12 [From late May and ends sometimes in August] | 11.0 weeks |
Micropterus dolomieui | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | If temperatures remain stable, it is possible for smallmouth bass to occupy spawning sites as long as three to four weeks before spawning actually begins | No data |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | The spawning period lasts between two and four weeks [Adult males arrive on the spawning grounds days or weeks before the females] | No data |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 1-2 weeks | 1.5 weeks |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Last for a week or ten days [Eggs being deposited over a period of several days] | No data |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 2-6 | 4.0 weeks |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Males arrive at the spawning grounds first and remain there throughout the spawning period | No data |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | A 15 day peak within a spawning period of about 50 days [With a decline in water temperature below 11°C and increased rainfall] | 15.0 weeks |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | The spawning period generally lasts between seven to 18 days, and lake trout spawning in Algouquin Park lakes often occurs during the latter portion of October and lasts for 10 days | 18.0 weeks |
Ictalurus punctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 3-4 [Late May to Mid-June] | 3.5 weeks |
Esox masquinongy | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Usually spawn at either the upper or lower ends of low gradient pools | No category |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Small tributary streams, marshes to adjacent to lakes or in shallow, weedy days of larger lakes or rivers | Stagnant water |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Shallow water of ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams close to shore | Stagnant water |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Lakes and tributary streams [Sites protected from high winds and fast currents are chosen] | Ambiguous |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Turbid streams and rivers, rocky wave-shaded shallows of lakes or flooded wetland vegetation | Stagnant water |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Spawning shoals of lakes | Stagnant water |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Prefers smaller fresh water streams with lower velocities than O. tshawytscha | Flowing or turbulent water |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Permanent headwater tributaries with cool, cela water that is well oxygenated [Water velocities of 23 to 155 cm/m] | Flowing or turbulent water |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Larger mainstream and headwater tributaries [Where water velocities are not less than 0.3 m/s], most frequently at head of riffles | Flowing or turbulent water |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Most redds are situated at a site where the current is accelerating | Flowing or turbulent water |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Spawn in clear headwaters of large rivers and streams or in tributaries of lakes, also known to spawn over shallow reefs and shoals alog lakes shores, stream spawning fishes use riggle areas | Stagnant water |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Both lakes and rivers [Water velocities of 0.2-0.7 m/s] | Ambiguous |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Both lakes and streams, and are closely associated with upwellings or seepages of ground water | Stagnant water |
Ameiurus nebulosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Near shoreline | Stagnant water |
Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 0.6-0.9 m deep | 0.75 m |
Esox masquinongy | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Water 38-51 cm in depth [Sometimes up to 3 meters deep] | 44.5 m |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Are usually no deeper than 178 mm but can be up to 450 mm deep | 178.0 m |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 50-75 cm in depth | 62.5 m |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Shallow waters: 20.3-40.6 cm or 15.2-30.5 cm or 15.2-45.7 | 30.45 m |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 0.33-1.33 deep | 0.83 m |
Perca flavescens | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | In lakes, spawning occrus at water depth from 0.5-3 m altough depths of up to 8 m have been reported in large lakes and reservoirs | 1.75 m |
Sander vitreus | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Spawn at depth of 4 cm to 3 m | 4.0 m |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Spawn at depths between 1.8-18.3 m [Either at 9 m, 6-14 m deep, or 7.6 m ] | 10.05 m |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 0.05-0.66 m [Prefers shallower streams than O. tshawytscha] | 0.355 m |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 0.-1.5 m | 0.75 m |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 0.5-4 m | 2.25 m |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Depending on the site, water depths may vary from one to 11 m, and as deep as 100 m | 11.0 m |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Spawning sites are generally located near shore in water anywhere between 1.0 m or less and 2.4 m deep | 1.0 m |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Lake trout spawn at a great variety of depths, less than 36.6 m [Most inland lake spawning shoals are less than six meters deep, also observed between 15 cm to 3.7 m deep] Some population choose to spawn over deep-water mounds (40-60 m) covered with beds of Clara delicauta | 50.0 m |
Ameiurus nebulosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | 152 mm or more, as deep as 0.6-1.2 m | 0.9 m |
Ictalurus punctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | In shallow waters, 2-4 m deep | 3.0 m |
Esox lucius | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | Female pike tend to live longer and attain heavier weights than male fish | Absent |
Sander vitreus | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | Females typically grow much larger than males | Absent |
Pimephales promelas | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are adhesive | Adhesive |
Esox lucius | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive eggs scattered over vegetation stick to the stems of plants | Adhesive |
Micropterus dolomieui | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are adhesive in nature and stick to the nest substrate | Adhesive |
Micropterus salmoides | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive | Adhesive |
Sander vitreus | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Adhesive [Once they have water hardened, they lose their adhesive nature and the eggs drift into crevices in rock rubble or gravel] | Adhesive |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Not sticky [The eggs fall into crevices where they develop over the winter] | Non-Adhesive |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are temporatily adhesive, but soon absorb water, becoming water hardened and semi-buoyant | Adhesive |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are temporarily adhesive, but soon absorb water, becoming water hardened and semi-buoyant | Adhesive |
Salmo salar | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Eggs are temporarily adhesive, but soon absorb water, becoming water-hardened and semi-buoyant | Adhesive |
Salvelinus alpinus | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | The females moves her body over the eggs and sweeps them into the interstitial spaces of the gravel bed | Non-Adhesive |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Initially the eggs are adhesive which helps them to stick to the gravel and not be carried downstream before they are covered by the female. After they become water-hardened, the eggs lose their adhesive qaulity | Adhesive |
Salvelinus namaycush | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Fertilized eggs fall into crevices of the spawning substrate | Non-Adhesive |
Pimephales promelas | Egg | Incubation time | 4.5-6 at 25°C | 5.25 days |
Esox lucius | Egg | Incubation time | 12-14 [At 10°C], but 4-5 [17.8-20.0°C] | 13.0 days |
Ambloplites rupestris | Egg | Incubation time | 3-4 | 3.5 days |
Lepomis gibbosus | Egg | Incubation time | 3 | 3.0 days |
Micropterus dolomieui | Egg | Incubation time | 12 days [12.8°C], 2-3 days [23-25°C] | 2.5 days |
Micropterus salmoides | Egg | Incubation time | 3-4 days when temperature is between 18.4-19.6°C | 3.5 days |
Perca flavescens | Egg | Incubation time | 8-10 | 9.0 days |
Sander vitreus | Egg | Incubation time | 12-18, as early as 7 days [13.9°C] to 26 days [4.4°C] | 15.0 days |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Egg | Incubation time | 150-170 | 160.0 days |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Egg | Incubation time | 103.5 [3.9°C] and 19 [15°C] | 103.5 days |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Egg | Incubation time | 193 [2°C], 149 [3°C], 120 [4°C], 100 [5°C], 85 [6°C], 74 [7°C], 65 [8°C], 58 [9°C] | 193.0 days |
Salmo salar | Egg | Incubation time | 110 days at 3.9 [Up to 195 days] | 110.0 days |
Salmo trutta fario | Egg | Incubation time | 48-52 [10.6°C], 30-33 [13.9°C] | 50.0 days |
Salvelinus alpinus | Egg | Incubation time | 64-80 or 70-80 | 72.0 days |
Salvelinus fontinalis | Egg | Incubation time | 50 [Uniform temperature of 10°C], 100 days [4°C] | 50.0 days |
Salvelinus namaycush | Egg | Incubation time | Normally hatch in about 50 days at 10°C [15 to 21 weeks at temperatures between 0.1-10°C] | 5.05 days |
Ictalurus punctatus | Egg | Incubation time | 6-7 [27°C], 9-10 [15.6-18.4°C], 5-10 [15.6-27.8°], eggs will not develop below 15.5°C and develop best at 27°C | 6.5 days |
Sander vitreus | Female | Oogenesis duration | < 10°C minimal temperature for gonad development | 10.0 months |
Micropterus dolomieui | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 years [Sex not specified] | 3.5 years |
Perca flavescens | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Males reach sexual maturity during their second summer | No data |
Coregonus clupeaformis | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Males mature at an ealier age than females and die ealier | No data |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Usually in 2 and 3 [Male specified] | 2.0 years |
Salmo salar | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4 [Not specified] | 3.5 years |