Bulkowski, L. and Meade, J.W. (1983) Changes in phototaxis during early development of walleye. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., pp. 445-7
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Sander vitreus | Larvae | Reaction to light | Larvae and juveniles 1 to 8 weeks old (9 to 32 mm total length) were attracted to the highest light intensity (7800 lux), and juveniles older than 8 weeks (32 to 40 mm long) agrregated at the lowest intensities (2 and 4 lux) | Photopositive |