Goodyear et al, 1982


Citation

Goodyear, C.D. and Edsall, T.A. and Ormsky Depsey, D. M. and Moss, G.D. and Polanski, P.E. (1982) Atlas of the spawning and nursery areas of great lakes fishes.
Office of Biological services Fish and Wildlife Service US Department of the Interior

Associated characteristics

Species Development state Trait Primary Data Secondary Data
Carassius auratus Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs adhere to substrate, usually vegetation at spawning site Adhesive
Carassius auratus Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 2-1/2 to 7 days at 82-60°F 1.5 days
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Move inshore short distances into littoral areas or tributaries beginning at about 45°F 45.0 km
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Move inshore short distances into littoral areas or tributaries beginning at about 45°F No data
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning season Mid-April to Mid-August, usually May-June ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Beginning at about 55°F; spawning may continue throughout the summer if water temperature remains above 60°F 55.0 °C
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Current-free areas in lower reaches of rivers, bays, harbors, lagoons, marshes, and flooded lowlands Flowing or turbulent water
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning depth 2-12 feet 7.0 m
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are scattered over thick vegetation and mud, sand, clay, or gravel; also deposited on undersides of boats and harbor pilings Lithophils
Cyprinus carpio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive eggs incubate on firm susbtrate including plants, dead grass, tree roots, stones, and Cladophora fronds (thalli) Adhesive
Cyprinus carpio Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 1-3 weeks 2.0 days
Cyprinus carpio Larvae Larvae behaviour Prolarvae settle to bottom immediatly after hatching and attach to plants or other objects; fry tend to leave spawning areas about 2 weeks after hatching but remain along shore among vegetation through summer Demersal
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Move from littoral waters into marshes beginning in April or early May at about 45°F; also ascend tributaries, usually only short distances, but sometimes as far as 10-15 mi 12.5 km
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning season May-August at 52-90°F; peak spawning occurs in late Mat-early June at 65-73°F; spawning may extend throughout summer subject to interruption by cool weather ['May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September']
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning water type Protected areas of lakes and rivers, including bays, harbors, marshes, sloughs, flooded shorelines, and river mouths; also on shoals and reefs Stagnant water
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 20 Ft, but usually less than 3 feet, and often 3 inches-1 feet 20.0 m
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are broadcast at random near the surface over mud, muck, silt, sand, matted roots or dead grass, and abundant emergent, submergent, and floating vegetation; also over gravel, rock and rubble Lithophils
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Parity Disperse after spawning but remain in shallows throughout the summer; No category
Esox masquinongy Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs incubate on vegetation and debris at spawning site Non-Adhesive
Esox masquinongy Egg Incubation time 8-15 days at 50-62°F 11.5 days
Esox masquinongy Larvae Larvae behaviour Prolarvae remain among vegetation for about 10 days Demersal
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Make estensive migrations into tributaries, often to the headwaters, or to lake shallows, when the water temperature rises to 42°F, following ice breakup No data
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning season Late March-June, but usually May and June ['March', 'May', 'June']
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning temperature At 46-65°F, 8-18°C 55.5 °C
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning water type Protected bays, harbors, marshes, stream mouths, feeder streams, and flooded lowlands; also in current-swept areas at edges of channels Flowing or turbulent water
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning depth 6 inches 15 feet, usually less than 3 feet 6.0 m
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Over mud, muck, clay, or sand with decayed vegetation and woody debris, including brush, logs and stumps Psammophils
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are scattered Open water/substratum scatter
Esox masquinongy Spawning conditions Parity Males return to lake when water temperatures reaches about 60°F; females remain in river channels several weeks and return to lake in mid-August Iteroparous
Esox lucius Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs adhere to vegetation or debris at spawning site Adhesive
Esox lucius Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 1-3-1/2 weeks, usually in 10-18 days at 52-42°F 2.0 days
Esox lucius Larvae Larvae behaviour Prolarvae remain in attached to vegetation at spawning site for 5-10 days Demersal
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Migrate from deeper water to littoral areas or into tributaries at time of ice breakup, beginning at about 33-40°F; may begin to congregate at river mouths in late February before ice breakup ['February']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning season Usually late March-late April at 40-50°F ['March', 'April']
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning period duration A period of 10-24 days 17.0 weeks
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Usually late March-late April at 40-50°F 45.0 °C
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning water type Areas with sluggish water current, including shore line weeds beds and marshes, sloughs, bays and harbors, river mouths, ditches, feeder streams, and temporarily flooded lowlands Stagnant water
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 24 feet, but usually less than 6 feet and often less than 2 feet 24.0 m
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggsare scattered over soft bottom, with abundant emergent and submergent vegetation; may also spawn over gravel and rock Lithophils
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are scattered Open water/substratum scatter
Esox lucius Spawning conditions Parity Return to lake after spawning Iteroparous
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Egg Buoyancy Incubate on rootlets or venegation in nest No category
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive eggs incubate on rootlets or venegation in nest Adhesive
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Incubation time 3-4 days at 69-70°F or 10-12 days at 60°F 3.5 days
Ambloplites rupestris Egg Degree-days for incubation 3-4 days at 69-70°F or 10-12 days at 60°F 3.5 °C * day
Ambloplites rupestris Larvae Larvae behaviour Prolarvae remain in nest 2-3 days Demersal
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Often move many males along shore to rech bays and creek mouths; stream residents congregate in pools just before spawning No data
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Move inshore beginning at 55°F No data
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning season April-early August, usually late May-June ['April', 'May', 'June', 'August']
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning temperature At 57-75°F, i.e., 14-24°C 66.0 °C
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning water type Sheltered nearshore areas, including bays, harbors, lagoons, marshes, creek mouths, and lower reaches of tributaries; current-swept lake shoals and ledges; moderateswift water in streams; Stagnant water
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 20 feet, usually less than 6 feet 20.0 m
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravel, rock, sand, clay, marl or vegetation to expose fibrous plant roolets Lithophils
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in shallow depression excavated Susbtrate chooser
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Parity Lake residents than return to lake Iteroparous
Ambloplites rupestris Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards nest and newly hatched fry Male parental care
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs adhere to stones, short stems, or roots on bottom of nest Adhesive
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 2-15 days at 70-55°F 8.5 days
Micropterus dolomieui Egg Temperature for incubation 55-70°F 62.5 °C
Micropterus dolomieui Larvae Larvae behaviour Fry gradually disperse from nest when 1-2 weeks old and are then found along edges of vegetation beds Demersal
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Migrate inshore and enter bays and tributaries; movement begins when water temperature rises above 40°F; peak movement occurs at 55°F No data
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning season A period of 6-10 days in March to mid-August, usually May-July ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning temperature At 51-70°F, nest building may begin at water temperatures below 60°F, but spawning usually does not begin until the water temperature reaches about 62°F 60.5 °C
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning water type Clear water in tributaries, river mouth, bays, harbors, lake shores or shoals Stagnant water
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 20 ft, usually less than 6 ft 20.0 m
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Nest usually built close to boulders, logs, docks or other such structures; sometimes among rooted macrophytes; in an area with good water movement that is protected from wave action Pelagophils
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in a nest, a shallow depression excavated in cleaned gravel, rock, rubble, or sand; spawning may also occur on harbor breakwalls Susbtrate chooser
Micropterus dolomieui Spawning conditions Parental care Male guards nest and fry until fry are about 1 inche long. Adults move downstream or offshore to depths of 36-42 ft as water temperature approaches 77°F, usually by July Male parental care
Micropterus salmoides Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs adhere to roots and stones on bottom of nest Adhesive
Micropterus salmoides Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 2-15 days 8.5 days
Micropterus salmoides Larvae Larvae behaviour Larvae remain in nest for 5-10 days Demersal
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance May move short distances inshore or into marshes No data
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning season April-August, usually late may-early july ['April', 'August']
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning temperature At 58-70°F 64.0 °C
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning water type Protected litoral areas in lakes or tributaries, including marshes, bays, harbors, sloughs, lagoons, and creek mouths Stagnant water
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 15 ft, usually less than 6 ft 15.0 m
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Nest is usually among vegetation or near structures, such as logs or stumps Phytophils
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in a nest made in almost any substrate, including gravel, rock, clay, sand, mud, detritus, or vegetation; soft substrate is excavated down to firm bottom; may spawn over nests of rock bass Susbtrate chooser
Micropterus salmoides Spawning conditions Parental care Little movement from spawning site; male guards nest and fry until fry are about 1 inche long; may move to somewhat deeper water after spawning Male parental care
Coregonus clupeaformis Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal eggs incubate on spawning substrate, often in crevices between and under rocks Demersal
Coregonus clupeaformis Egg Temperature for incubation About 43°F, 6.1°C 43.0 °C
Coregonus clupeaformis Larvae Larvae behaviour Rise to surface soon after hatching Demersal
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Move inshore to spawning grounds, migration begins in September-October, but occasionally as early as August; historically also ascend rivers to spawn ['August', 'September', 'October']
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning season October-January, peak spawning usually occurs in late November-earlt December ['January', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 2-5 weeks 3.5 weeks
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature About 53-33°F (i.e. 0.5-11.5°C), spawning at temperatures above 43°F (6°C) probably not successfull 43.0 °C
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning water type Inshore areas, bays, ledges, shoals, reefs, often same sites used by lake trout Stagnant water
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning depth Several inches-100 feet, but usually less than 30 feet; often spawn in shallower portions of same reefs used by lake trout 100.0 m
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Over hard, clean bottom, including stone, rubble, honeycombed rock, gravel, sand, and clay; used a variety of substrate types than lake trout; vegetation suaully not present; but spawning over "moss" has been reported Lithophils
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are broadcast near surface Open water/substratum scatter
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning conditions Parity Return to deep water occurs soon after spawning Iteroparous
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in the gravel until yolk is absorbed, emerge in April-May, mainly mid-April Demersal
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Upstream migration usually less than 0.5 miles but a migration of 40-50 miles has been reported on Lake Superiori tributary 45.0 km
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Congrate off tributary mouths beginning in mid-August; ascend tributaries grounds in September ['August', 'September']
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning season September-early October, usually peaks in mid-September ['September', 'October']
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning period duration A period of 3-5 days 4.0 weeks
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning temperature At 60°F, i.e., 15.5°C 60.0 °C
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning water type Usually in brush-choked streams in shoal area nearest stream mouth where there is a suitable substrate and water velocity of 0.75-3.25 Flowing or turbulent water
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning depth 6 inches - 2 feet 6.0 m
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are dpeosited in redd dug in medium-sized gravel Lithophils
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawning conditions Parity Die soon after spawning Semelparous
Oncorhynchus kisutch Egg Incubation time 2-5 months at 32-36°F 3.5 days
Oncorhynchus kisutch Egg Temperature for incubation 32-36°F; i.e. 0-2.2 °C 1.1 °C
Oncorhynchus kisutch Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in the gravel until yolk is absorbed Demersal
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Congrate off tributary mouths in August and September, ascend tributaries to spawning grounds usually in September but sometimes in August, movement into tributaries correlated with increased flow ['August', 'September']
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning season Mid-September to January; spawning usually peaks in October-November; low temperature in early winter can delay spawning until speing ['January', 'February', 'March', 'September', 'October', 'November']
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning period duration A 90-day period 90.0 weeks
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Falling from 57-40°F, i.e., 4.5-14°C 48.5 °C
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning water type Riffles, with water velocity of 0.25-2.5fps, in mid-reaches or headwaters of streams, also reported along shore in St. Lawrence River Stagnant water
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning depth Minimum depth reported as 6 in ches, and also as shallow as 2 inches 6.0 m
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are deposited in redd dug in clean, small or mediu-sized gravel; fine sediment detrimental to reproductive success Lithophils
Oncorhynchus kisutch Spawning conditions Parity None die soon after spawning Semelparous
Oncorhynchus nerka Egg Incubation time 6-20 weeks at 59-39°F 13.0 days
Oncorhynchus nerka Larvae Larvae behaviour Emerge from redd in early January-May Demersal
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Move from offshore waters to spawning grounds along the lakeshore and in tributaries; tributary runs begin in mid-August; peak in late September and end in mid-October ['August', 'September', 'October']
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning season September-October, peaks in late September or early October ['September', 'October']
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Falling from 61 to 41°F, 5-16°C 10.5 °C
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning water type Mid-reaches and headwaters of tributaries in areas with water valocity of less than 2.2 fps, if access tributaries is denied spawning occurs along lake shore, suually on wave-swpet beaches or on bars near stream mouth Stagnant water
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning depth 1-30 feet 15.5 m
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Fine gravel, alson in sand along lake shore Lithophils
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in redd Susbtrate chooser
Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning conditions Parity Die soon after spawning Semelparous
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Egg Incubation time Eggs usually hatch in less than 4 months 4.0 days
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Larvae Larvae behaviour Emerge from gravel a few weeks after hatching Demersal
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Congregate near tributary mouths usually in late August or September at about 70°F; upstream migration to spawning grounds may begin as early as mid-July, possibly by drop in stream temperature to 65°F; a spring run also occurs; spring run fish inhabi deep pools in the stream until fall, when they spawn ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning season Late August-mid November, peaks in October ['August', 'October', 'November']
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Last several weeks No data
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 50-37°F 43.5 °C
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning water type Riffle areas with water velocity of 1-3 fps, in high gradient mid-reaches or headwaters of tributaries; spawning may also occur along lake shore or on shoals Stagnant water
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning depth 1-6 feet 3.5 m
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are deposited in redd dug in gravel and small rubble with good interstitial water flow, little mud or silt Lithophils
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Eggs are deposited in redd dug in substrate Susbtrate chooser
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning conditions Parity Die soon after spawning Semelparous
Salmo salar Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 110-200 days at 39°F or less, in mid-March to early May but usually in April 155.0 days
Salmo salar Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in gravel fro 4-6 weeks; emerge in May and June Demersal
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Migrate long distances from lakes to tributaries and also into lake outlets No data
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Runs stimulated by sudden increase in stream flow; some fish may be found in streams in most months; all approach shore in April-October, but at least two separate runs may occur; an early run ascends streams in May-July and remains in the streams until spawning time; a late run ascends in September and October just prior to spawning ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'September', 'October']
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning season A period of 5-14 days in late October-late December; peak spawning usually occurs in November at about 44°F ['October', 'November', 'December']
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 5-14 days 9.5 weeks
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 44°F 44.0 °C
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning water type Fast-water areas in clear, cold streams, with steep gradient; early runs usually spawn in the upper reaches, late runs in lower reaches; also on lake shoals which have seepage from springs Stagnant water
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 4 feet 4.0 m
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are deposited in redd dug in clean coarse gravel and small stones with good interstitial water flow; eggs may also be deposited directly on impenetrable susbtrate where redd construction is impossible Lithophils
Salmo salar Spawning conditions Parity Most leave streams immediatly after spawning or after resting in pools for a few weeks; others overwinter in streams No category
Salmo trutta fario Egg Egg Buoyancy Eggs incubate under gravel or on other substrate in redd Demersal
Salmo trutta fario Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 1-5 months at 57-35°F, usually in early February-early May 3.0 days
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Enter and ascend tributaries in late summer and fall, beginning in July; runs are often limited by low stream flow ['July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning season September-January; usually October-November ['January', 'September', 'October', 'November']
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning temperature When the temperature is falling from 55 to 44°F 55.0 °C
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning water type Fast water in headwaters or mid-reaches of cool, shaded streams; if denied access to tributaries, spawning occurs on shoals near stream mouths, or elsewhere along shore Stagnant water
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning depth To 4 feet 4.0 m
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are deposited in redd dug in clean, coarse gravel and rubble or in firm sand or hard play if gravel not available Lithophils
Salmo trutta fario Spawning conditions Parity Return to lake after spawning Iteroparous
Salvelinus fontinalis Egg Egg Buoyancy Eggs incubate under gravel and sand in redd Demersal
Salvelinus fontinalis Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 32-165 days at 54-37°F, usually in February-March 98.5 days
Salvelinus fontinalis Larvae Larvae behaviour Emerge from gravel in January-March Demersal
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Lake-run fish ("coasters") enter and ascend streams beginning in mid-August ['August']
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning season August-March but usually October-December ['January', 'February', 'March', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning temperature When the temperature is falling from 55 to 36°F 55.0 °C
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning water type Riffles or pools near headwaters of clear, well-shaded streams, in spring-fed areas with gradient not more than 2%; also along lake shores with moderately swift current, usually near sites of upwellings Stagnant water
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning depth 10 inches to 5 feet in streams, to more than 8 feets in lakes 10.0 m
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are deposited in redd dug in clean rubble, marl, or gravel Lithophils
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning conditions Parity May return to lake after spawning Iteroparous
Salvelinus namaycush Egg Egg Buoyancy Eggs usually incubate in crevices in the susbtrate Demersal
Salvelinus namaycush Egg Incubation time Eggs hatch in 2-5 months at 47-35°F, in late January-May 3.5 days
Salvelinus namaycush Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain in crevices in susbrate for about 1 month Demersal
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning migration period Move from deep water to spawning grounds in shallower water on offshore reefs, in littoral waters, or in tributaries. Movement usually begins in late August or September; fish arrive on grounds 1-2 weeks before spawning begins ['August', 'September']
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning season Most spawning occurs in October and November when temperature is falling from 58 to 37°F; however some races may begin spawning in June ['June', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning water type Areas with current, including shorelines, reefs, shoals, ledges, bars, channels, bays, river mouths, and rivers Stagnant water
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning depth Few inches - 600 feet, depending on race of Lake trout; planted varieties usually at depths less than 30 feet 600.0 m
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Eggs are broadcast by shallow-water races over rough, silt-free bottom, including honeycomb rock, rubble, boulders, and gravel; deep-water races spawn over clay, sand, mud, and silt; planter varieties spawn over all substrates Lithophils
Salvelinus namaycush Spawning conditions Mating system Disperse to deeper water several weeks after spawning No category