Mansuetti, R.J. (1961) Movements, reproduction and mortality of the white perch, Roccus americanus, in the Patuxent Estuary, Maryland. Chesapeake Sci., pp. 142-205
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Morone americana | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Mature ova : 0.75-0.80 | 0.78 mm |
| Morone americana | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Laboratory studies showed that upon being exuded and fertilized the ova sink to the bottom | Demersal |
| Morone americana | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Laboratory studies showed that upon being exuded and fertilized the ova sink to the bottom and stick firmly to the first object with which contact is made. [Almost all egs collected in plankton samples were found adhering to debris] | Adhesive |
| Morone americana | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Eggs and larvae were discovered in plankton collections | Demersal |
| Morone americana | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Among the females, all were sexually mature from age group IV and older, but immature fish were found among the first three age groups. None, of course, were sexually mature in age group I. Within age groups II and III sexual maturity seemed to be related to size rather than ag. the bulk of the mature sample, nevertheless, is concentrated in age group III in these two groups. | 1.0 year |
| Morone americana | Female | Length at sexual maturity | In general females mature after males, beginning at 9 cm. The length at which 50 per cent of the females are sexually mature is 10.33 cm | 9.0 cm |
| Morone americana | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | No external characteristics have been found that help to differentiate between the two sexes, except during the spawning season. At that time, females are recognized, if gravid, by their widely distended abdomens, by the loss of eggs, if ripe, when light pressure is exerted | Present |
| Morone americana | Female | Absolute fecundity | Produces huge numbers of eggs per individual 50000 to 150000 eggs | 50000.0 thousand eggs |
| Morone americana | Female | Onset of oogenesis | Mature-Developing. Ovaries enlarging, becoming yellowish in color and granular in consistency, full of developing eggs that can be distinguished by direct observations. Diameters range from 0.30-0.70 mm: from July to February | ['January', 'February', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November'] |
| Morone americana | Female | Intensifying oogenesis activity | Mature-Gravid. Ovaries very full of yellowish granular eggs that are partly translucent. Ova can be extruded from the oviduct by exerting considerable pressure. Diameter range from 0.65-0.75 mm. February to April | ['February', 'March', 'April'] |
| Morone americana | Female | Resting period | Mature-spent. Ovaries flacid, few translucent eggs left. Ovarian membrane very vascuar, sac-like, or bloodshot (May-June). Mature-Resting. Ovaries becoming firm, and characterized by a relatively thich doameter. No eggs discernible to the naked eye, color pinkish, texture gelatinous (June-july). | 3.0 months |
| Morone americana | Male | Age at sexual maturity | Males mature at an earlier age than females; all those examined in age group and older were sexually mature. None of age group I, however, were sexually mature | 1.0 years |
| Morone americana | Male | Length at sexual maturity | In general males mature earlier than females, beginning at 8 cm. The length at which 50 per cent of the males are sexually mature is 10.03 cm | 8.0 cm |
| Morone americana | Male | Male sexual dimorphism | No external characteristics have been found that help to differentiate between the two sexes, except during the spawning season. At that time, the sex of mature white perch is determined by applying pressure to the abdomen and noting the sexual products forced from the urogenital aperture | Absent |
| Morone americana | Male | Onset of spermatogenesis | Mature-latent. Testes white, firm in texture, enlarging but milt not running (July-October) | ['July', 'October'] |
| Morone americana | Male | Main spermatogenesis activity | Mature-spawning ripe. Testes white, enlarged, less firm in texture, and if compressed the white milt generally coms through the urogenital pore (October to May) | ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'October', 'November'] |
| Morone americana | Male | Resting period | Spent. Testes brownish white, flaccid and convoluted, with no flow or white milt upon compresison. April-early June | 3.0 months |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | The mean distance in miles traveled by all white perch tagged during spring months was 15.6, with upper ranges of 45 miles or more | 15.6 km |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration period | Upstream movements occurred only during the spring months | ['April', 'May', 'June'] |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Described as short (April 1 to 10) whereas others found that the spawning season at the head of Chesapeake Bay reaches its height i lae April and early May | 1.0 weeks |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Between 10-15 | 12.5 °C |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Spawn in tidal freshwater or slightly brackish water | No category |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawn under banks of streams or under old trees and debris | No category |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | On one occassion when the water was relatively clear at dusk in April, 1953, an audible splashing reveleaed the presence of a school of white perch consisting of several large individuals, presumably females, being trailed by more than a dozen smaller fish, presumably males. | Dusk |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Mating system | A review of the litterature indicates that the spawing behavior has never been observed. Yet, once: one of the large fish, female, swimming aloong a horizontal path to the bottom left a barely distinc trail, indicating ovulation, and this wa sfollowed by pominent emission of white milt by males | No category |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Spawn once a season, the occurrence of a large proportion of fish with partly psent gondas indicated that a single individual does not expel its full complement of eggs at one time. The various degrees of the partly-spent condition indicated that eggs might be expelled on more than two or three occassions probably depending on biological and environmental stimuli. | Total |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Parity | Spawn once a year | Iteroparous |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Parental care | After ovulating at random, the females leave their eggs to survive as best they may with no parental care | No care |