Kujawa, R. and Kucharczyk, D. and Mamcarz, A. (2002) Mietus., pp. 96
Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
Lota lota | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Small: 0.95-1.15 | 1.05 mm |
Lota lota | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Eggs develop inthe water column, but others described it at on the bottom. 24 hours after fertilisation eggs sink to the bottom. Before sinking eggs are transported downstream with water. At water current speed of 0.2 m/s eggs sink to the bottom and remain. On the rough ground, at the current speed of 4 m/s eggs start to float, and all eggs are washed out by a water current of 8 m/s | Demersal |
Lota lota | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Egg stickiness is weak | Adhesive |
Lota lota | Egg | Incubation time | Last about 3 months at 1°C, also described as 27-60 days, 77-78 days. | 43.5 days |
Lota lota | Egg | Temperature for incubation | At a mean temperature of incubation of 3.5°C, burbot hatched after 30 days 3 hours. Eggs of burbot can be incubated in Weiss jars at 0.5 to 3.5°C. During the first week of incubation water temperature can not exceed 4-5°C | 4.5 °C |
Lota lota | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 80-200, also descried as 109.4 | 140.0 °C * day |
Lota lota | Larvae | Initial larval size | Range from 3.5-3.9, depending of egg diameter, sporadically newly hatched larvae attain 4.3. mm | 3.7 mm |
Lota lota | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Newly hatched larvae repeatedly swim up and sink, later they sink to the bottom where they remain until final resoprtion of yolk sac. When a major part of the yolk sac is resorbed fish start swimming searching for food. They aggregate in the surface layers of shallow waters, where they fed on phytoplankton and rotifers. | Demersal |
Lota lota | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | Range from 10-11°C for the apperance of erythrocytes to 13°C for the onset of active swimming, and 15-16°C for the beginning of feeding | 10.5 °C |
Lota lota | Larvae | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Sibling intracohort cannibalism is present | Present |
Lota lota | Larvae | Full yolk-sac resorption | Yolk-feeding burbot larvae resorb their yolk sac during almost two weeks after hatching | No data |
Lota lota | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | 270 DD at 15-16°C after fertilization, they begin feeding less than about 130-140 DD for incubation | 15.5 °C * day |
Lota lota | Female | Age at sexual maturity | First spawning females are 4 years old, a year older than males | 4.0 year |
Lota lota | Female | Length at sexual maturity | Burbot mature at a length of 30 cm [Sex not specified] | 30.0 cm |
Lota lota | Female | Absolute fecundity | A female produces 10000-800000, up to 5000000 | 405000.0 thousand eggs |
Lota lota | Male | Age at sexual maturity | First spawning males are 3 years old | 3.0 years |
Lota lota | Male | Length at sexual maturity | Burbot mature at a length of 30 cm [Sex not specified] | 30.0 cm |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | If possible lacustrine populations migrate to rivers for spawning. Burbot from Baikal Lake migrate several hundreds km to spawning grounds in rivers | No data |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration period | They travel upstream 1.5-2 km (maximally 6 km per day), migration lasts 5-6 months (from September to January). Spawning migration are triggered by a decrease of water temperature in the lake 10-12°C. | ['January', 'September', 'October', 'November'] |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | From December to Marhc | ['December'] |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | During 7-10 days males are able to fertilize eggs produced by subsequently arriving females. In controlled conditions, milt preserves its fertilizing capacity during a month. | 8.5 weeks |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Typically in river beds. Spawning in lakes was reported as well. A part of burbot lacustrine populations in Sweden spawned in the lakes | Stagnant water |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Shallow lakes with well oxygenated water are selected by burbot for spawning | No data |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawning grounds of burbot are typically river beds covered with stones and gravel | Lithophils |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Burbot spawners avoid strong light, typically they spawn at night | Night |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Parity | After spawning, fish migrate downstream to lakes | No category |