No detailed citation.
Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | The mature egg has a mean diameter of 1.13 | 1.13 mm |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | The diameter of the swollen eggs become 1.3 mm | 1.3 mm |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Slight adhesive | Adhesive |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Incubation time | 5 days [18°C], 12 [7°C], in their experiments : At an age around 4 days hatching of the embryo begins. The difference in the time of hatching of embryos from different eggs in one batch at a temperature of 16°C may be as much as 12 hours | 5.0 days |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 7-18 | 12.5 °C |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 16 | 16.0 °C |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 70 [4 days at 16°C] | 70.0 °C * day |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Initial larval size | The length of the prolarvae is 3.6 mm | 3.6 mm |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | After hatching, the prolarvae disperse on the bottom of the aquarium. They lie on the side completely still, not reacting to light, water fluctuations or sounds. [The hatched embryos are under stones, described in other studies] | Demersal |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Reaction to light | Like the larvae of most lithophilous species, the prolarvae of the minnow have a negative reaction to light which becomes increasingly noticeable as the amount of pigment in the eyes increase [The hatched embryos are photophobic described in other studies] | Photophobic |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | 15-16 | 15.5 °C |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | Not described | Absent |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Full yolk-sac resorption | 140-150 [On the 8th -9th day after hatching, when the larvae reach a length of 7.0-8.0 mm, the yolk sac disapperas completely and they go over to exogeneous feeding exclusively at 16°C] | 145.0 °C * day |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | 110 [7 days at 16°C] | 110.0 °C * day |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Most minnows reach sexual maturity in 3 years of age | 3.0 year |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Female | Absolute fecundity | Range within the limit of 0.74-1.774; 0.225-0.552; 0.213-0.858; 0.348-0.726 | 1.26 thousand eggs |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Female | Oocyte development | A macroscopic analysis of the gonads of ripe females showed the presence of at least 3 different generations of oocytes, differing both as regards size and as regards color | No category |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Male | Age at sexual maturity | Most minnows reach sexual maturity in 3 years of age | 3.0 years |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Male | Male sexual dimorphism | Characterisitic of the minnow is a spawning livery which is particularly marked in males and to a lesser degree in females. During the spawning period the head of the fish is covered with tubercles, represented by sharp conical epithelial formations covered in a horny substance. According to our observations tubercles are characteristic mainly in male, in females tubercles are rarely encountered and ten to be weakly expressed. During the spawning period the coloration of the fish also changes in both males and females, but in the latter these changes are less marked. The dorsum of the males become darked, the sides acquire an intensive yellow-green, more frequently adark-green color... | Present |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | May to July | ['May', 'June', 'July'] |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Continues around 2 months from May to July | 2.0 weeks |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Ripe males first appear in the spawning grounds in early May at a water temperature about 10°C, and ripe females at a temperature of 11-12°C | 11.5 °C |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Where the water is well-saturated with oxygen, mainly on bars and in channels | No category |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Rocky substrates | Lithophils |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Spawning is protracted, intermittent | Fractional |