Lehtonen, H. and Hansson, S. and Winkler, H. (1996) Biology and exploitation of pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.), in the Baltic Sea area. Ann. Zool. Fennici, pp. 525-535
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Sander lucioperca | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 0.7-0.85 [Before fertilization] | 0.77 mm |
| Sander lucioperca | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | 1.02-1.67 [After fertilization] | 1.34 mm |
| Sander lucioperca | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Demersal | Demersal |
| Sander lucioperca | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Highly sticky | Adhesive |
| Sander lucioperca | Egg | Incubation time | Depending on the temperature, the larval development takes 5-9 days | 7.0 days |
| Sander lucioperca | Larvae | Initial larval size | Either 4.1-4.8 or 3.9-4.5 | 4.45 mm |
| Sander lucioperca | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | The larvae live during the first two weeks post hatching near the bottom and then change their habitat from the benthic to the pelagic | Demersal |
| Sander lucioperca | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | The optimal temperature for larval growth is 24-29°C, but in the Baltic sea such temperatures are seldom reached and the development occurs usually between 15-25°C. However, it was also suggested that larvae with the best coefficient favour temperatures between 12-16°C | 26.5 °C |
| Sander lucioperca | Larvae | Full yolk-sac resorption | Their yolk-sacs are totally used after 10-12 days at a length of 6.5-9 mm | 11.0 °C * day |
| Sander lucioperca | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | At the age of 2-5 days the larvae start exogeneous feeding | 3.5 °C * day |
| Sander lucioperca | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Attain sexual maturity in the Baltic Sea between 2-5 years of age, the bulk of individuals at the age of 3-4 years. In general, male smature one year earlier and with a smaller body size than females. Due to lower growth rate, pikeperch mature generally later in the northern Baltic (4-5 years of age) | 3.5 year |
| Sander lucioperca | Female | Absolute fecundity | Fecundity of a 45 cm females range from 125 to 260 000, overall range for females 37-86 cm long: 31-2957000 | 61.5 thousand eggs |
| Sander lucioperca | Male | Age at sexual maturity | Attain sexual maturity in the Baltic Sea between 2-5 years of age, the bulk of individuals at the age of 3-4 years. In general, male smature one year earlier and with a smaller body size than females. Due to lower growth rate, pikeperch mature generally later in the northern Baltic (4-5 years of age) | 3.5 years |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | The distance between wintering and spawning areas is usually less than 30 km but may in some cases be even > 200 km | 30.0 km |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration period | In autumn, pikeperch seek deeper waters where they stay over winter. Spawning migrations to the the sheltered bays start in March or April | ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'October', 'November', 'December'] |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | Generally takes place in late April-early May in the Southern Baltic Sea and in late May-June in the Nothern Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland | ['April', 'May', 'June'] |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Starts either at 10°C, or in other areas only at 12-14°C | 13.0 °C |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Occur mainly in sheltered archipelagoes and bays, with turbid waters. On contrats to lakes, where spawning takes place in the shallows of open lakes, Baltic pikeperch spawn entirely in estuaries, inlets and shallow bays. | Stagnant water |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | The depths of spawning grounds range between 0.7-2.5 m or 1-3 m | 1.6 m |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Sandy grounds. However females can lay their eggs also on stones, roots of waterplants and other hard substrates. Also on dead zebra mussel | Phytophils |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The males built nests of 0.5 m in diameter, at a depth of 5-10 cm | No category |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Pikeperch begin their spawing activities before the sunrise | No category |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Partly a portion spawner | No category |
| Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Soon after spawning, pikeperch females leave the spawning grounds while male guards the nest until their hatch | Male parental care |