Mann, R.H.K. (1974) Observations on the age, growth, reproduction and food of the dace, Lecusicus leuciscus (L.), in two rivers in southern England. J. Fish Biol., pp. 237-253
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4, yet mostly at 4 [Female] | 3.5 year |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 16 ±1 [Female] | 16.0 cm |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | 29.5-46.4 g for age 3 and 53.0-84.5 for age 4 in two populations respectively [female] | 37.95 kg |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Absolute fecundity | Log egg number = 4038 log length (mm) - 5474 or log egg number=3900 log length (mm)-5128 | 4038.0 thousand eggs |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Onset of oogenesis | Elaboration of gonad tissue was not significant until August/September, from which time devolpment continued through winter months | ['January', 'February', 'March', 'August', 'September'] |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Intensifying oogenesis activity | From Mid-August to November, 2 to 10% | ['August', 'September', 'October', 'November'] |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Maximum GSI value | Mean of 16%, range 15-17% [Mid-March] | 16.0 percent |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Oogenesis duration | From August to mid-March | 8.0 months |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Female | Resting period | < 0.2% [From April to mid-July] | 5.0 months |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 3-4, rarely 2 [Male] | 3.5 years |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 15.9 ± 0.5 [Male] | 15.9 cm |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | 29.1-46 g for age 3 and 52.8-82.0 for age 4 in two populations respectively [female] | 37.55 kg |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Onset of spermatogenesis | August [Elaboration of gonad tissue was not significant until August/September, from which time development continued through winter months] | ['January', 'February', 'March', 'August', 'September'] |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Main spermatogenesis activity | October-November | ['October', 'November'] |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Maximum GSI value | Mean 1.5, range 1-2% [November through December] | 1.5 percent |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Spermatogenesis duration | [From mid-April to mid-August] | 6.0 months |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Male | Resting period | < 0.2% [From mid-April to mid-August] | 6.0 months |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | Spawning occurred during the second half of March and no ripe fish were found at either site in April | ['March', 'April'] |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Spawning occurred during the second half of March and no ripe fish were found at either site in April | No data |
| Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Parity | Female dace did not necessarily spawn every year once they had reached maturity | Iteroparous |