Sokolowska, E. and Kulczykowska, E. (2006) Annual reproductive cycle in two free living populations of three-spined stickleback (Gasteroteus aculeatus L.): patterns of ovarian and testiculer development. Oceanologia, pp. 103-124
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Ovulated oocytes reached a diameter of at least 1.4 mm (apart from the overripe ones) | 1.4 mm |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Female | Oocyte development | As a result of asynchronous maturatio, the ovaries contained oocytes in various stages of devleopment throughout the year; their proportion varied seasonally | Asynchronous |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Female | Onset of oogenesis | September-October, based on Fig. 5b | ['September', 'October'] |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Female | Intensifying oogenesis activity | April-May, based on figure 5b | ['April', 'May'] |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Female | Maximum GSI value | Mean of 19, 18-21, based on fig 5b | 19.5 percent |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Female | Resting period | September | 2.0 months |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Female | Resting period | The post-spawning phase began in June-July, when part of the population had completed spawning and oogenesis was starting | 3.0 months |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Male | Male sexual dimorphism | Breeders displayed a well-developed nuptial colloration and aggressive behavior | Absent |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Male | Onset of spermatogenesis | September, based on Fig 11.b | ['September'] |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Male | Main spermatogenesis activity | September. In most of the males, spermatogenesis was complete in December, but the spermatozoawere not yet ready to be released | ['September', 'December'] |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Male | Maximum GSI value | Around 1 in September than remained around 0.5 the rest of the year | 1.0 percent |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | Bred from April to July, but the majority of them were sexually active from May onwards | ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July'] |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | The prolonged breeding activity of sticklebacks, for as long as five months, enabled the fish to reproduce in the most favourable environmental conditions | No data |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | In out study, some sticklebacks completed spawning and started a new gametogenetic cycle in June-July. Temperatures as high as 20°C probably limited breeding in the populations examined and a further increase of temperature could have been the reason why the initial phase of gamatogenesis in both sexes was disturbed | 20.0 °C |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Breeding males defend their nests in a fixed territory and care for the eggs and offpsring. The kidney of the male secretes a protein glue thatis used in nest building | No category |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Three-spined sticklebacks are typical long-day breeders, and increasing water temperature and the lengthening days in psring stimulate spawning in males and females | Day |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | The numbers of mature oocytes decreased gradually to the end of breeding as a consequence of multiple spawning | Multiple |