Maitland, P.S. and Lyle, A.A. (2005) Ecology of Allis Shad Alosa alosa and Twaite Shad Alosa fallax in the Solway Firth, Scotland. Hydrobiologia, pp. 305-221
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Alosa alosa | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 4-6 [Female specified] | 5.0 year |
| Alosa alosa | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 48.1 | 48.1 cm |
| Alosa alosa | Female | Maximum GSI value | Max 21.63 | 21.63 percent |
| Alosa alosa | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 3-5 [Male] | 4.0 years |
| Alosa alosa | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 42.1 | 42.1 cm |
| Alosa alosa | Male | Maximum GSI value | 8.6% | 8.6 percent |
| Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | It originally migrated over 100 km upstream | 100.0 km |
| Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | April-July | ['April', 'July'] |
| Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 15-24 | 19.5 °C |
| Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Parity | Most die after spawning | Semelparous |
| Alosa fallax | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 4-6 [Female specified] | 5.0 year |
| Alosa fallax | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 36.4 | 36.4 cm |
| Alosa fallax | Female | Maximum GSI value | 23.31 | 23.31 percent |
| Alosa fallax | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 3-5 [Male] | 4.0 years |
| Alosa fallax | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 34.1 | 34.1 cm |
| Alosa fallax | Male | Maximum GSI value | 11.82 | 11.82 percent |
| Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Males migrate to the spawning grounds first and wait there for the females which only move in when they are close to spawing | No data |
| Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Lower reaches of the large accessible rivers along the coasts | No category |
| Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Mating system | After spawning females move downstream again, whilst males remain awaiting the chance to spawn with other females | No category |
| Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Parity | Many twaite shad recover to spawn again next year | No category |