Duffy, W.G. (1998) Population dynamics, production, and prey consumption of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands: a bioenergetics approach. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., pp. 15-27
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Pimephales promelas | Egg | Incubation time | 4 days at 25°C | 4.0 days |
| Pimephales promelas | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 25°C | 25.0 °C |
| Pimephales promelas | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | About 100 [4 days at 25°C] | 100.0 °C * day |
| Pimephales promelas | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Begin feeding the day of hatching | No data |
| Pimephales promelas | Female | Absolute fecundity | Annual fecundity of 6.8 to 10.6 egg per female | 6.8 thousand eggs |
| Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Begins spawning when water temperature approach 18°C and continues until it drops below 18°C | 18.0 °C |
| Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Fractional spawner: can result in from 16 to 26 spawning events per females | Fractional |
| Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Parity | They are short live, with most dying adter spawning at an age of 1 year, althoufh a small proportion of any population lives at and age of 2+ years | No category |
| Pimephales promelas | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Adult males guard the nest and deposit a mucus layer on the spawning surface that may enhace egg survival by imporving egg attachment | Male parental care |