Laurila, S. and Piironen, J. and Holopainen, I.J. (1987) Notes on egg development and larval and juvenile growth of crucian carp (Carassius carassius (L.)). Annales Zoologici Fennici, pp. 315-321
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Carassius carassius | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 24-28, temperature for the shortest embryonic development [Eggs hatched normally at 15-28°C, but died at 5-10, and above 30°C] | 26.0 °C |
| Carassius carassius | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 80-100 [6 days at 18-19°C in natural conditions, or 3 days at 24-28°C] | 90.0 °C * day |
| Carassius carassius | Larvae | Initial larval size | 4.5-5.5 | 5.0 mm |
| Carassius carassius | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | In nature, the free embryo are passive and often attach themselves to plants, where they stay hiding for the first 1-2 days of the endogenous feeding period | Demersal |
| Carassius carassius | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | 20-25, maximum size obtained and highest yolk utilization efficiency [At 5°C, no increase but the larvae were deformed and all died after 8 days] | 22.5 °C |
| Carassius carassius | Larvae | Full yolk-sac resorption | At 20 and 25°C, a maximum size of 7.6 mm, and at 30°C, 7.4 mm was achieved. The survival time (50% mortality) on yolk sac energy was 8 days both at 5 and 25-30°C, 9 days at at 20°C, and 14 days at 10-14°C. Even when Artemia nauplii were available on the fourth day, feeding (food in the gut) was noted at 15°C only, but its importance even here is not known since all died at the embryonic stage | 27.5 °C * day |
| Carassius carassius | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | When food are available from the start, larvae began mixed feeding at lengths of 6.5-7.2 mm, after 2-4 days of development at 20-30°C, when much of the yolk was present | 6.85 °C * day |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Ponds | Stagnant water |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Shallow areas of ponds | No data |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Plant substrate | Phytophils |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No, eggs are laid on plant susbtrates | Susbtrate chooser |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Multiple (fractional) spawner | Multiple |
| Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Up to three spawning periods between late May and early August | Multiple |
| Tinca tinca | Egg | Incubation time | 2 [25°C] or 3 [20°C] | 2.0 days |
| Tinca tinca | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 19-24 | 21.5 °C |
| Tinca tinca | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 50-60 [2 days at 25°C, 3 at 20°C] | 55.0 °C * day |