Unlu, E. and Balci, K. . (1993) Observation on the reproduction of Leuciscus cephalus orientalis (Cyprinidae) in Savur Stream (Turkey). Cybium, pp. 241-250
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 0.83-1.5 | 1.17 mm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 3 | 3.0 year |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 14.6 | 14.6 cm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Absolute fecundity | 2.5-20 | 11.25 thousand eggs |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Onset of oogenesis | After August, GSI increase up to 3 during the winter than remain constant until March | ['January', 'February', 'March', 'August'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Intensifying oogenesis activity | March-April [From 4 to 10%] | ['March', 'April'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Maximum GSI value | Up to 15-18% [June] | 16.5 percent |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Resting period | July, August | 3.0 months |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 2 | 2.0 years |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 13 | 13.0 cm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | May to late June | ['May', 'June'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 15-23°C | 19.0 °C |