Heins, D.C. and Johnson, J.M. and Baker, J.A. (2003) Reproductive ecology of the nine-spined stickleback from south-central Alaska. Journal of fish biology, pp. 1131-1143
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Pungitius pungitius | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Means or most common values and ranges in parentheses => 1.42 (1.18-1.55) in Alaskan Lake; 1.3 in Newfoundland; 1.76 (1.53-1.98) in Lake Superiour USA; (1.4-1.8) in Indiana Lake USA | 1.36 mm |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 2 [Adult female] | 2.0 year |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Mean or most common values and ranges in parenthses => 2+ in Alaskan Lake; 1+ (2+) in Québec river, 2+ in Québec Lake; 2+ (1-5+) in Lake Superior USA; 1+ (2-3) in English stream | 3.0 year |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 5.33-5.8 [Mean size of reproducing female], with smallest of 4.47-4.81 | 5.56 cm |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Length at sexual maturity | Mean or most common values and ranges in parenthses => 53.1 (39.9-71.8) Ls in Alaskan Lake; 38 (30-54) in Québec river, 47 (c. 35-54) in Québec Lake; (48-61) in Indiana Lake USA; (28-48) in English stream | 55.85 cm |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | 1.095-1.298 g and smallest female were 0.66-0.69 | 1.2 kg |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | The mean size of reproducing (clutch bearing) females was 58.1 mm Ls (1.298 g) in 1994 and 53.3 mm Ls (1.092 g) in 1998 | 58.1 kg |
| Pungitius pungitius | Female | Absolute fecundity | Cluth size in different areas, means or most common values whereas ranges are in parentheses => 126 (63-269) in Alaskan Lake; 31 (10-71) in Québec River; 76 (37-176) in Québec tidal creek; (32-170) in English stream | 166.0 thousand eggs |
| Pungitius pungitius | Male | Age at sexual maturity | Mean or most common values and ranges in parenthses => 2+ in Alaskan Lake; 1+ (2+) in Québec river, 2+ in Québec Lake; 2+ (1-3+) in Lake Superior USA; 1+ (2-3) in English stream | 2.0 years |
| Pungitius pungitius | Male | Length at sexual maturity | Average of 4.97-5.02 | 4.99 cm |
| Pungitius pungitius | Male | Length at sexual maturity | Mean or most common values and ranges in parenthses => 53.1 (39.9-71.8) Ls in Alaskan Lake; 38 (30-54) in Québec river, 47 (c. 35-54) in Québec Lake; (48-61) in Indiana Lake USA; (28-48) in English stream | 55.85 cm |
| Pungitius pungitius | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | Average 1.015-1.03 g ! | 1.02 kg |
| Pungitius pungitius | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | The mean size of reproducing (clutch bearing) females was 58.1 mm Ls (1.298 g) in 1994 and 53.3 mm Ls (1.092 g) in 1998 | 58.1 kg |
| Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | May-June | ['May', 'June'] |
| Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | May-June [Alaskan Lake], Late June-early July [Alaskan Lake], June-July [Newfoundland, Québec River], Early May-Late June [Québec tidal creek], Mid-June-late July [Lake Superior, U.S.A], April-August [Indiana Lake, U.S.A], April-May [English Stream], June-July (North) and April-May (South) [In Europe], Late January-late June [Japan] | ['January', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August'] |
| Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | In the nest of a single male | No category |
| Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | In most populations probably produce multiple clutches of eggs during a spawning season | Multiple |