Bruslé, J. and Quignard, J.P. (2001) Biologie des poissons d'eau douce européens., pp.
Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One female followed by 5-6 males | Polyandry |
Barbus barbus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One female and two males but a sex-ratio of 50:1 for males on the spawning grounds | Polyandry |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One female and several males | Polyandry |
Pseudorasbora parva | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One male and few females | Polygyny |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One male and one female each time | Ambiguous |
Tinca tinca | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Group of 10 to 20 fishes | Promiscuity |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Mating system | 3 to 5 male follow one female | Polyandry |
Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One male and several female, female lay their eggs in several nest | Polygyny |
Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Mating system | By pair, but a nest contains eggs coming from different females | Monogamy |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | The spawning of several female are released in the same nest | No category |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Mating system | By pair | Monogamy |
Perca fluviatilis | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One female is followed by two males | No category |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Mating system | By pair, one male and one female | Ambiguous |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Polygamy : one female followed by 2 to 8 males | Polyandry |
Thymallus thymallus | Spawning conditions | Mating system | 10 male following one female, but also two males and one female | No category |
Cottus gobio | Spawning conditions | Mating system | One male and up to ten female | No category |
Silurus glanis | Spawning conditions | Mating system | By pair: one male and one female | Ambiguous |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Night : during 1 and 5 a.m. | Night |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Night : between midnight and 2 a.m. | Night |
Barbus barbus | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | During the day but avoid high light intensity : mainly during morning and then end of the day, and also during the night : 2-3 hours after darkness | Ambiguous |
Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Preferentially during the morning | Day |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Dawn and less in dusk | Ambiguous |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | During the hottest hour of the day [mainly witout wind and clouds] | Day |
Perca fluviatilis | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Eggs are released at dawn | Dawn |
Coregonus albula | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Night | Night |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning act occur at night, rarely during the day | Ambiguous |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Night and day | Ambiguous |
Thymallus thymallus | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Either in the middle of the day or at the end of the day until the beginning of night | Ambiguous |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Parental care | None | No category |
Cobitis taenia | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male guard eggs until hatching | Male parental care |
Chondrostoma nasus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | No | No category |
Leucaspius delineatus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Eggs are guarded by the male | Male parental care |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | No | No category |
Pseudorasbora parva | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Males protect the spawning | No category |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male defend a territory around one or several mussels, then a he brings a female | Male parental care |
Gambusia affinis | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Female is viviparous, internal fecondation: ovovipariy lecitotrophe | No category |
Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male guards and ventilates eggs until hatching, and then continue to protect larvae for 2 weeks [Fight between males] | Male parental care |
Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male guard its nest and the spawning until and after the htaching of eggs | Male parental care |
Ambloplites rupestris | Spawning conditions | Parental care | The spawning is guarded by male | Male parental care |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Nest is guarded by male | Male parental care |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male guard the spawning and ventilate the eggs, very aggressive, during 2-3 weeks | Male parental care |
Cottus gobio | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male guards the nest, up to 3-4 weeks (aggressive) | Male parental care |
Silurus glanis | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Male guard eggs and discard mud and give oxygen to the eggs | Male parental care |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravels to coarse pebbles | Lithophils |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravels and pebbles [sometimes sand] | Ambiguous |
Barbatula barbatula | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Psmanophile: gravels or roots of aquatic plants | Ambiguous |
Cobitis taenia | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Stones | Lithophils |
Abramis brama | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Aquatic plants : phytophil or phyto-lithophyl | Phytophils |
Alburnoides bipunctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil: gravel and pebbles and possibly sand | Ambiguous |
Alburnus alburnus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Phytolithophil : sand, gravel and submerged aquatic plants | Ambiguous |
Aspius aspius | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : stones and gravels | Lithophils |
Barbus barbus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : gravels or pebbles 4-20 mm | Lithophils |
Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Phytophilous : submerged plants | Phytophils |
Chondrostoma nasus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : stones and gravels of 10 cm of diameter | Lithophils |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Phytophil : aquatic plants | Phytophils |
Gobio gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Psmanophile: sand, pebbles and small pebbles but sometimes aquatic plants | Ambiguous |
Leucaspius delineatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Around aquatic plants | Phytophils |
Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Phyto-lithophil : plants and gravels | Ambiguous |
Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophile: sand or gravel | Ambiguous |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : gravels and stones | Lithophils |
Pseudorasbora parva | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Stones | Lithophils |
Scardinius erythrophthalmus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Phytophil: aquatic plants | Phytophils |
Tinca tinca | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Phytophil : Spawning ground are rich in aquatic plants | Phytophils |
Vimba vimba | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : pebbles [Rarely on aquatic plants when there is flood] | Ambiguous |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Aquatic plants are necessary = phytophile | Phytophils |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Sand or gravels | Ambiguous |
Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Rich in vegetation | Phytophils |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Polyphil | No category |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Over sandy ground | Psammophils |
Gymnocephalus cernuus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Ribbons are winded up aquatic plants | Phytophils |
Perca fluviatilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Various substrates : plants, branchs, rocks | Ambiguous |
Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Clear ground of coarse gravel or pebbles with short plants, also with trees and submerged plants | Ambiguous |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : gravel 6-15 mm | Lithophils |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Gravels: 0.2 mm -2 cm [Lithophil] | Lithophils |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil: gravels, pebbles 1-5 cm in diameter | Lithophils |
Thymallus thymallus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Lithophil : gravels, coarse sand (between 2 to 60 mm) | Ambiguous |
Cottus gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Sand, gravel, pebbles | Ambiguous |
Silurus glanis | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Sand and mud and located near the roots of tree | Psammophils |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Barbatula barbatula | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Cobitis taenia | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Alburnoides bipunctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Barbus barbus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Kind of, females dig a depression in the ground | Susbtrate chooser |
Chondrostoma nasus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Gobio gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Leucaspius delineatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Rudimentary nest | No category |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Pseudorasbora parva | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male clean the surface of one or several gravel of 13-31 cm of diameter | Nest built by male |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male defend a territory around one or several mussels, then a he brings a female | No category |
Tinca tinca | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male builts a nest in form of a barrel using parts of plants and renal secretions | Nest built by male |
Pungitius pungitius | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male built a nest with parts of aquatic plants | Nest built by male |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male built a nest | Nest built by male |
Perca fluviatilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No | No category |
Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male build a rudimentary nest and keeps it clean | Nest built by male |
Hucho hucho | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Female dig a nest | Susbtrate chooser |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Female digs one up to five excavations in the ground depending on the number of male | Susbtrate chooser |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | The female dig few nests | Susbtrate chooser |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No nests, but females lay their eggs on the substrates | Ambiguous |
Thymallus thymallus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | No, eggs are only buried | No category |
Cottus gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Male built a nest | Nest built by male |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 16-17 | 16.5 °C |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 18-22 | 20.0 °C |
Alburnoides bipunctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Above 12°C | 12.0 °C |
Alburnus alburnus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 15 | 15.0 °C |
Aspius aspius | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Start with 4-6°C | 5.0 °C |
Barbus barbus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Starts at 13.5 | 13.5 °C |
Carassius auratus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 16-17 | 16.5 °C |
Carassius carassius | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 15-20 | 17.5 °C |
Chondrostoma nasus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 8-9 up to 11 | 8.5 °C |
Chondrostoma toxostoma | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 9-11 | 10.0 °C |
Ctenopharyngodon idella | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 20-25 | 22.5 °C |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 20-22 | 21.0 °C |
Gobio gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Ovulation requires a temperature of 16-17 [Optimum 20°C] | 16.5 °C |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 25 | 25.0 °C |
Leucaspius delineatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 15-24 | 19.5 °C |
Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Close to 15°C | 15.0 °C |
Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 11-12 | 11.5 °C |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 10-12 | 11.0 °C |
Scardinius erythrophthalmus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 18-27 | 22.5 °C |
Tinca tinca | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 21-25 [But 18 in England] | 23.0 °C |
Gambusia affinis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 25-30 for the release of neonates | 27.5 °C |
Esox lucius | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 7-11 | 9.0 °C |
Lota lota | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 0.5-4 | 2.25 °C |
Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Above 10°C | 10.0 °C |
Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 19-20 | 19.5 °C |
Micropterus salmoides | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 16-18 but 23°C in USA | 17.0 °C |
Gymnocephalus cernuus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 10-15 | 12.5 °C |
Perca fluviatilis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 12-14 but 7°C in deep water of lakes | 13.0 °C |
Sander lucioperca | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 14-16 but as low as 11 in nothern region | 15.0 °C |
Coregonus lavaretus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 3-3.5 | 3.25 °C |
Coregonus albula | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 3.3-3.4 | 3.35 °C |
Hucho hucho | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 8-10 | 9.0 °C |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 10-13 [Optimum temperature] | 11.5 °C |
Salmo salar | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 4.2-5.6 [Nothern Region] and 7-12°C [Southern Region] | 4.9 °C |
Salmo trutta fario | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Below 12°C, the optimum is 5-6°C | 5.5 °C |
Salvelinus alpinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Ovulation occurs at 5-8°C but is inhibited at 10-11°C | 6.5 °C |
Salvelinus namaycush | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | < 10 | 10.0 °C |
Thymallus thymallus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 7-12 | 9.5 °C |
Silurus glanis | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | 20 [Optimal temperature = 22-25] | 23.5 °C |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Reproduction from February to April or March to July | No data |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Several months | No data |
Alburnoides bipunctatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 15 | 15.0 weeks |
Aspius aspius | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Short | No data |
Chondrostoma nasus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Seems to be short : 3-4 days | 3.5 weeks |
Gobio gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 4-8 | 6.0 weeks |
Leucaspius delineatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 4-5 | 4.5 weeks |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | About 6 | 6.0 weeks |
Rutilus rutilus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Few days | No data |
Gasterosteus aculeatus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 8 : female release 3 to 4 batches of eggs with about 1 week between each of the batch | 8.0 weeks |
Thymallus thymallus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 10-19 days [Male] and 2-3 days [Female] | 14.5 weeks |
Anguilla anguilla | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Sargasso Sea [Larvae hatch in region with low current] | Flowing or turbulent water |
Alosa alosa | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Quite rapid current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Alosa fallax | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Turbide water | No category |
Abramis brama | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | In border of river [current about 30 cm/s] | Flowing or turbulent water |
Aspius aspius | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | After riffles | No category |
Barbus barbus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | 28-43 cm:s | No category |
Chondrostoma nasus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Grounds with current : 1m/s | Flowing or turbulent water |
Chondrostoma toxostoma | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Water with current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Ctenopharyngodon idella | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Slow current, sides of river | Flowing or turbulent water |
Gobio gobio | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Slow-flowing current : 10 to 80 cm/s | Flowing or turbulent water |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | River with stroung current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Water with current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Riffles : water with current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Slow current | Flowing or turbulent water |
Vimba vimba | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Water with current | Flowing or turbulent water |