Heese, T. (1984) On some problems in biology of minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) (Cyrpinidae) in the river Skawa. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria [ACTA ICHTHYOL. PISC.], pp. 25-42
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Phoxinus phoxinus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 1.3-1.7 eggs to be laid | 1.5 mm |
| Phoxinus phoxinus | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | Numerous pearly tubercles, few tubercles may occur on sides of the body, frequently dark coloration of body, widened anus, pectoral, ventral and anal fins slightly reddened at their bases | Present |
| Phoxinus phoxinus | Female | Maximum GSI value | 14.2-25.5, mean 18.2 [Not specified when] | 19.85 percent |
| Phoxinus phoxinus | Male | Male sexual dimorphism | Pectoral and ventral fins are larger and stouter in males. These traits almost always allow to determine sex in the minnow older than 3 years, before the fish is dissected. Additionnally, the spawning fish show nuptial (pearly tubercles) on their foreheads, the trait again being strouger in males. Singular pearly tubercles may appear also on the sides of the body. The spawning coloration is different in both sexes as well, the males bearing more intensive colours: the dorsal side is occsionally almost black, and the pectoral and ventral fins, particularly in their basal part, are bright red. The male show a red coloration on the basal part of the pectoral, ventral and anal fins | Present |
| Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | Spawn from May through July | ['May', 'July'] |
| Phoxinus phoxinus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Eggs are laid in three portions, also reported as 4 to 5 portions of eggs being laid by the minnow at about 15-day intervales | 4.0 weeks |