Guerriero, G. and Ferro, R. and Ciarcia, G. (2005) Correlations between plasma levels of sex steroids and spermatogenesis during the sexual cycle of the chub, Leuciscus cephalus L. (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Zoological Studies, pp. 228233
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Onset of spermatogenesis | December to February, slight increase in GSI | ['January', 'February', 'December'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Main spermatogenesis activity | End of February and March | ['February', 'March'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Maximum GSI value | 2.77 ± 0.04 % [April] | 2.77 percent |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Resting period | July to November, only germinal cells were evident | 6.0 months |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Really high temperature from 28-32°C | 30.0 °C |