Kalkan, E. and Yilmaz, M. and Erdemli, A.U. (2005) Some biological properties of the Leuciscus cephalus (L., 1758) Population living in Karakaya dam lake in Malatya (Turkey). Tur. J. Vet. Ani. sci., pp. 49-58
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 0.62-1.06 [Ovarium diameter] but all studies 0.55-1.50 | 0.84 mm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 1.06 [Ripe eggs] | 1.06 mm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 2-5 [Female] | 3.5 year |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 26.1-32.93 [Female] | 29.52 cm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.265-0.500 [Female] | 0.38 kg |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Onset of oogenesis | After August the gonads begin to develop and the values of GSI again start to increase gradually until November | ['August', 'November'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Intensifying oogenesis activity | April-May [From 0.95 in March to 13.56 in May] | ['March', 'April', 'May'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Maximum GSI value | 13.56 [May] | 13.56 percent |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Female | Resting period | < 0.5 from July until December | 7.0 months |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Age at sexual maturity | 3 [Male] | 3.0 years |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 30.7 | 30.7 cm |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Male | Weight at sexual maturity | 0.397 | 0.4 kg |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | April-July but vary from May-June to May-September | ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November'] |
| Leuciscus cephalus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | April to July | ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July'] |