Leach, S.D. and Houde, E.D. (1999) Effects of environmental factors on survival, growth, and production of American shad larvae. Journal of fish biology, pp. 767-786
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Alosa sapidissima | Egg | Temperature for incubation | Eggs required temperatures > 13°C. Incubation temperatures was 17°C | 13.0 °C |
| Alosa sapidissima | Larvae | Temperature during larval development | Required temperatures are in the range 15.5-26.1°C. Reared at 20°C | 20.8 °C |
| Alosa sapidissima | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Feeding stage larvae was 6-8 days post-hatch at 19-20°C | 7.0 °C * day |