Bonislawska, M. and Korzelecka-Orkisz, A and Winnicki, A. and Formicki, K. and Szaniawska, D. (2004) Morphophysiological aspects of the embryonic development of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) under different thermal conditions. Acta ichthyologica et piscatoria [Acta Ichthyol. Pisc.], pp. 51-72
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Gymnocephalus cernua | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 0.86-1.0 [End of hydratation process, unfertilized egg] | 0.93 mm |
| Gymnocephalus cernua | Egg | Incubation time | [First hatching at 123 hours and 50% left the egg shells 4 hour later, the last larvae hatched within additional 5 hour in their experiment, others give: from 4.5 at 15-16°C to 27-29 at 6°C] | 15.5 days |
| Gymnocephalus cernua | Egg | Temperature for incubation | Optimal range is 16-18°C [Temperature tested in other studies from 6 to 22°C] | 17.0 °C |
| Gymnocephalus cernua | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | [From 1962 to 2032 degree hour, 50% at 2032, others give 67.5 to 174] | 1962.0 °C * day |
| Gymnocephalus cernua | Larvae | Initial larval size | 3.85 ± 0.08 [Other give 3.52 to 4.29] | 3.85 mm |
| Gymnocephalus cernua | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | The larvae easily stayed in the water column and were fully prepapred for independent living in external environment | Demersal |