Stanley, J.G. and Danie, D.S. (1983) Species profiles: life histories and enviromental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates. (North Atlantic) White perch.
Fish and Wildlife Service
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Morone americana | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 0.7-0.89 [Unfertilized egg] | 0.79 mm |
| Morone americana | Egg | Egg size after water-hardening | 0.65-1.09 [Fertilized egg], water hardening is complete within 15 to 20 min at 18°C | 0.87 mm |
| Morone americana | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | When laid, eggs are demersal | Demersal |
| Morone americana | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | The eggs attach immediatly to substrate | Non-Adhesive |
| Morone americana | Egg | Incubation time | 2-4 [30 hr at 20°C, 44 to 50 hr at 18°C, 60-72 hr at 15°C] | 3.0 days |
| Morone americana | Egg | Temperature for incubation | 15-20 [Lethal temperature below 7°C, and extensive mortality at 10°C] | 17.5 °C |
| Morone americana | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 24-50 [30 hr at 20°C, 44 to 50 hr at 18°C, 60-72 hr at 15°C] | 37.0 °C * day |
| Morone americana | Larvae | Initial larval size | 1.7-3.0 | 2.35 mm |
| Morone americana | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Newly hatched prolarvae remain in the general spawning area during the first 4 to 13 days [Prolarvae have limited mobility] | Demersal |
| Morone americana | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Most females mature at 2, some at 3 and all at 4 | 2.0 year |
| Morone americana | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 9.0-9.8 length at first maturity | 9.4 cm |
| Morone americana | Female | Relative fecundity | Released of 56,200 eggs/kg of fish during one spawning | 56.0 thousand eggs/kg |
| Morone americana | Female | Absolute fecundity | 5.2-321 with a mean of 40 | 163.1 thousand eggs |
| Morone americana | Male | Age at sexual maturity | Most males mature at 2 | 2.0 years |
| Morone americana | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 7.2-8.0 [Length at first maturity] | 7.6 cm |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | Migration up to 90 km were recorded, and also 104 km | 90.0 km |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Nothern populations begin spawning in late March to early April, whereas southern populations spawn slightly later. Freshwater populations spawn from April through May, astuarine stocks spawn from May through July | No data |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | Egg release may span 10 to 21 days | 10.0 weeks |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Rising temperature stimulate spawning | No data |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Spawning begins at 12 to 14°C in Bay, range between 10 to 19°C in estuary, also began at 12.5°C, 18 to 21C inlakes | 12.0 °C |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Spawn in estuaries, rivers, lakes and marshes. Spawning is usually in freshwater, but may occur in brackish water at salinities up to 4.2 ppt. Preferred spawning habitats are waters that are tidal and nontidal, clear or turbid, fast or slow | Stagnant water |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | Spawning is in water less than 7 m deep, 0.9-6.1 m in estuaries, and 0 to 1.5 m in lakes | 3.5 m |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | May be clay, sand, pulverized shells, or gravel | Lithophils |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Egg release peaks at spawn | No category |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Individual females are surrounded by several males, and eggs and sperm are relased randomly | No category |
| Morone americana | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Two or three seperate spawnings | No category |