Danylchuk, A.J. and Fox, M.G. (1994) Age and size-dependent variation in the seasonal timing and probability of reproduction among mature female pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus. Environmental Biology of Fishes [ENVIRON. BIOL. FISHES]., pp. 119-127
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Lepomis gibbosus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 2-3 [Female specified, most at 3, quite rare at 2] | 2.5 year |
| Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | May to July | ['May', 'June', 'July'] |
| Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Spawning period duration | 8-10 [From 28 May until 27 July, few spawning bouts until August 13] | 9.0 weeks |
| Lepomis gibbosus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Parental males remain at their nests immediatly after spawning | Male parental care |