Cooper, J.E., 1978. Identification of eggs, larvae, and juveniles of the rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, with comparisons to larval alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, and gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 107(1), pp.56-62.
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Osmerus mordax | Egg | Incubation time | 19-20 | 19.5 days |
| Osmerus mordax | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 5-8; 19-20 | 126.75 °C * day |