Frost, W.E. and Kipling, C., 1967. A study of reproduction, early life, weight-length relationship and growth of pike, Esox lucius L., in windermere. The Journal of Animal Ecology, pp.651-693.
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Esox lucius | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | 7.1-12.5; 14-21 | 171.5 °C * day |
| Esox lucius | Larvae | Sibling intracohort cannibalism | present | Present |