Olney, J.E. and Latour, J.E. and Watkins, B.E. (2006) Migratory behavior of American shad in the york river, Virginia, with implications for estimating in-river exploitation from tag recovery data. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., pp. 889-896
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Alosa sapidissima | Female | Age at sexual maturity | The annual spawning run of American shad Alosa sapidissima in the York River, Virginia consists of virgin (ages 3-7 years) and fish that spawned in previous years (repeat spawners, ages 4-10) | 5.0 year |
| Alosa sapidissima | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | York River fish segregate from mixed-stock assemblages and migrate at least 130 river kilometers (rKm) up the estuary to freshwater | 130.0 km |
| Alosa sapidissima | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration period | The spawing run begins when maturing (prespawning) fish enter the mouth of the river in late January through late February and continues for approximatively4 months through mid-May | ['January', 'February', 'May'] |
| Alosa sapidissima | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | American shad choose either tributary and spawn in upsream segments characterized by shallow depths, high dissoled oxygen,and relatively high currents | Flowing or turbulent water |
| Alosa sapidissima | Spawning conditions | Parity | American shad stocks in Virginia may be partially iteroparous (i.e., some proportion of the population dies after spawning), however there is no direct evidence of the phenomenon (e.g., spent carcasses on the shore) in the York River | Iteroparous |