Bieniarz, K. and Epler, P. and Thuyl., L.N. and Kogut, E. (1979) Changes in the ovary of adult carp. Aquaculture, pp. 45-68
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Cyprinus carpio | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Most mature carp ovaries contained oocytes : 1.0-1.2 mm diameter | 1.1 mm |
| Cyprinus carpio | Female | Age at sexual maturity | Under the climatic conditions in Poland, female carp reach sexual maturity at the age of 4-5 years | 4.5 year |
| Cyprinus carpio | Female | Weight at sexual maturity | Females of 5 years, 3-4 kg were used | 3.5 kg |
| Cyprinus carpio | Female | Resting period | Post-spawning period: June-August | 3.0 months |
| Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Begins when water temperature reaches 18°C, although cases are reported of females spawning at lower temperature e.g., 14°C | 18.0 °C |