Limburg, K.E. and Ross, R.M. (1995) Growth and mortality rates of larval American shad, Alosa sapidissima, at different salinities. Estuaries, pp. 335-340
| Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Alosa sapidissima | Egg | Temperature for incubation | Glass aquaria contaning fresh water held at room temperature 20.6°C | 20.6 °C |
| Alosa sapidissima | Spawning conditions | Spawning migration distance | In the Hudson River in New York state, spawning of American shad takes place more than 160 kmfrom the river mouth, and most of the eggs are found above 200 km | 160.0 km |