No detailed citation.
Species | Development state | Trait | Primary Data | Secondary Data |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Mating system | Spawning involves polygamous groups of one female and several males and is apparently triggered, at certain times of the year, by rising water that inundates terrestrial vegetation and periods of fine, warm weather | Ambiguous |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Nycthemeral period of oviposition | Spawning occurs during daylight | Day |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Non-guarding | No care |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Parental care | Males defend territories around one or several mussel | No category |
Blicca bjoerkna | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawn amongst dense beds of submerged macrophytes | No category |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Obligatory plant spawners | Phytophils |
Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawn in the main river channel over gravel substrata | Lithophils |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Mussels | Ostracophils |
Rutilus rutilus | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawn over willow tree roots and long-leafed vegetation | Phytophils |
Tinca tinca | Spawning conditions | Spawning substrate | Spawn amongst dense beds of submerged macrophytes | No category |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Open-substratum | No category |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Spawning site preparation | Males defend territories around one or several mussel | No category |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | Spawning is low from 15-18°C, optimum 18-23°C, and ceases at 28°C | 16.5 °C |
Leuciscus leuciscus | Spawning conditions | Spawning temperature | NO INFORMATIONS | No data |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning water type | Preferred spawning sites are lentic habitats with abundant food, warm water and protection from predators | No category |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning depth | The spawning act occurs in shoreline areas (water < 1 m deep) | 1.0 m |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | For female carp, they include the softening and enlargement of the abdomen and the reddening and protrusion of the cloaca | Present |
Rhodeus sericeus | Female | Female sexual dimorphism | Long ovipositors that they use to place their eggs onto the gills of a mussel trough the mussel'sexhalant siphon | Absent |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Maximum GSI value | Recorded estimates are usually around 20% for males | 20.0 percent |
Cyprinus carpio | Male | Male sexual dimorphism | The abdomen of male carp does not become obviously distended but may become darker in colour and nuptial tubercles appear on the head and on pectoral fin rays | Present |
Rhodeus sericeus | Male | Male sexual dimorphism | Develop bright nuptial coloration | Present |
Cyprinus carpio | Egg | Egg adhesiveness | Carp eggs are adhesive in water and stick to plants | Adhesive |
Cyprinus carpio | Egg | Incubation time | At 20°C carp eggs hatch after approximatively 3.5 days | 20.0 days |
Rhodeus sericeus | Egg | Incubation time | 1.5 | 1.5 days |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Relative fecundity | Estimates of instantaneous fecundity (the average number of strippd eggs per kilogram of fish) ranged from 114,000 to 163,000 eggs per kg | 114.0 thousand eggs/kg |
Cyprinus carpio | Male | Maximum GSI value | Recorded estimates are usually around 10% for males | 10.0 percent |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Age at sexual maturity | In Victoria, males and females mature at 1 and 2 years of age. On average males mature one year earlier than females | 1.0 years |
Rhodeus sericeus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 1 [Both sex] | 1.0 years |
Cyprinus carpio | Egg | Degree-days for incubation | In carp, the time between egg-fertilisation and hatching ranges from 60-80 degree days | 70.0 °C * day |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Resting period | Re-maturation of the ovaries requires > 3-4 months | 3.5 months |
Rhodeus sericeus | Egg | Egg Buoyancy | Dense, sinking quickly in freshwater | Semi-Pelagic |
Cyprinus carpio | Egg | Oocyte diameter | Unfertilized eggs are about 1-1.7 mm, and average 1.2-1.4 mm | 1.35 mm |
Rhodeus sericeus | Egg | Oocyte diameter | 2.4-3.1 [Not specified] | 2.75 mm |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Absolute fecundity | The females are highly fecund and depending on body size, produce between 500,000 and 3 million eggs per spawning | 500.0 thousand eggs |
Rhodeus sericeus | Female | Absolute fecundity | 0.08-0.250 are the typical breeding season fecundity | 0.165 thousand eggs |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Spawning season | April-August with a peak in May | ['April', 'August', 'May'] |
Rhodeus sericeus | Larvae | Reaction to light | Negatively phototaxic | Photophobic |
Rhodeus sericeus | Female | Length at sexual maturity | 3-3.5 | 3.25 cm |
Cyprinus carpio | Larvae | Onset of exogeneous feeding | Exogenous feeding begins before the exhaustion of yolk and is marked by the taking of air to fill the swim-bladder | No data |
Rhodeus sericeus | Male | Length at sexual maturity | 3-3.5 [Both sex] | 3.25 cm |
Rhodeus sericeus | Larvae | Initial larval size | 3.3 | 3.3 mm |
Cyprinus carpio | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | After hatching, carp larvae a cement attach themselves to surface vegetation via cement glands on their head. They remain attached for 4-5 days while yolk is absorbed from a large yolk-sac and undergo organogenesis and other development | Demersal |
Rhodeus sericeus | Larvae | Larvae behaviour | Positively rheotaxic, remains in the mussel | Demersal |
Cyprinus carpio | Female | Age at sexual maturity | In Victoria, males and females mature at 1 and 2 years of age. In tropical climates, carp mature at 3-6 months. In temperate-mediterranean climates, the age-at-maturity varies between 1 and 5 years. | 4.5 year |
Rhodeus sericeus | Female | Age at sexual maturity | 1 [Both sex] | 1.0 year |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Carp are fractional spawners with indeterminate breeding season fecundity. Depending on local thermo and photo conditions, each female may spawn one to five batches of eggs per year. In India, carp spawn once. In southern France, Bengladesh, and west Bengal they may spawn twice. In tropical climates, carp are perennial spawners and spawn 4-5 times per year | Ambiguous |
Rhodeus sericeus | Spawning conditions | Spawning release | Batch spawners with determinate fecundity, breeding season is fixed at the onset of the spawning season. with egg number in the ovary declining over the spawning season | Mutliple |
Cyprinus carpio | Spawning conditions | Parity | In Victoria, estimates of longetivy range between 15-40 years | No category |